This document defines and classifies different types of burns based on their cause. It describes the pathology of burns which involves coagulative necrosis, cellular injury, inflammation and the release of vasoactive substances. This leads to increased capillary permeability, edema, shock and blister formation. Burns are classified by degree from 1st to 4th based on the depth of tissue involvement and appearance. Treatment involves addressing shock, wound care, antibiotics, nutrition, and skin grafting or physical therapy depending on the severity of the burn. Complications can include Curling's ulcers, acute pancreatitis and other issues.

1. BURNS
1

2. Defination :
• Burns - Wound characterized by coagulative
necrosis of skin & underlying tissues.

3. TYPES OF BURNS
BASED ON CAUSE
ORDINARY
SCALDS
ELECTRIC BURNS
CHEMICAL BURNS
RADIATION BURNS
COLD BURNS

4. ORDINARY BURN
SCALDS

6. TYPES OF COLD BURNS

7. FROSTBITE

8. PATHOLOGY OF BURNS
LOCAL
Severity of burn
Extent Of Burn
Vascular changes
Infection
SYSTEMIC
Shock
Biochemical
Changes
Changes in
Blood
Systemic lesions

9. Pathophysiology :
Burns ( coagulative necrosis)
Cellular injury & inflammation
Release of vasoactive substances
Increased capillary permeability
Edema Burns shock
Blister formation Hypovolemia
Blood flow diversion
Ischemia
Renal GI mucosal necrosis
ARF Curling’s ulcers

10. SEVERITY OF BURNS

12. ESTIMATE EXTENT OF
BURN

13. Degree of
Burn
1st Degree 2nd Degree
Partial
Thickness
2nd Degree
Deep Burns
3rd Degree 4th Degree
Involvement Epidermis Epidermis +
Dermis
E+ D E+D+Subcut
tissue
E+D+S+muscles
, tendons &
bone
Appearance
Symptoms &
Signs
Pain ++ Pain ++++ Painful -less
severe
Painless,insensi
tive, Severe
Edema
No Edema
Healing 3-5 days ,
spontaneous
No Scarring
2 weeks, min
scarring,
minimal
discolouration
2-6 weeks
Hypertrophic
scarring /
formation of
contractures
No
spontaneous
healing
No
spontaneous
healing

14. Degree of
Burn
1st Degree 2nd Degree
Partial
Thickness
2nd Degree
Deep Burns
3rd Degree 4th Degree
Involvement Epidermis Epidermis +
Dermis
E+ D E+D+Subcut
tissue
E+D+S+muscle
s, tendons &
bone
Appearance Red to Pink
Dry, No
Blisters
Red to pink,
Wet and
weeping
wounds
Thin-walled,
fluid-filled
blisters
Mottled: Red,
pink, or white
area
Moist
Dry, leathery &
rigid, Eschar
(hard and in-
elastic)
Red, white,
yellow or black
Black (dry, dull
and charred)
Eschar tissue:
hard, inelastic
Symptoms &
Signs
Pain ++ Pain ++++ Painful -less
severe
Painless &
insensitive to
palpation,
Severe Edema
No Edema
Healing 3-5 days ,
spontaneou
s
No Scarring
2 weeks, min
scarring,
minimal
discolouration
2-6 weeks
Hypertrophic
scarring /
formation of
contractures
No
spontaneous
healing
No
spontaneous
healing

15. TREATMENT
Treatment of
Shock
1) Sedation
2) Fluid Resuscitation
3) Maintenance of
Airway
General
Treatment
1) Escharotomy and
Fasciotomy
2) Tetanus Prophylaxis
3) Antibiotics
4) Nutritional Support
5) Gastric
decompressio
6) Treatment of GI
complication
Local
Treatment
1) First aid measures
2) Burn Wound care
3) Skin grafting
4) Physical therapy
and Rehabilitation

16. COMPLICATION OF THERMAL BURNS
Curling Ulcer
Acute Pancreatitis
Acute Acalculous Cholecystitis
Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome
Non Occlusive Ischemic Enterocolitis
Myocardial Infarct