1. AN OVERVIEW OF PROCESSES INVOLVED IN THE CONVERSION OF FIBRE TO GARMENTS Prof. R. B. CHAVAN Former Professor, I I T Delhi, Consultant, Mahatma Gandhi Inst. of Rural Ind. Wardha E-mail rbchavan@hotmail.com

9. CONVERSION OF FIBRE TO STAPLE YARN EXAMPLE COTTON PRE-SPINNING PROCESSES SPINNING PROCESS PRE-SPINNING PROCESSES GINNING BALE FORMATION TRANSPORTATION TO TEXTILE MILLS OPENING LAP MAKING CARDING SLIVER MAKING ROVING MAKING PRINCIPLE STRETCHING OF FIBRES ARRANGING THE FIBRES PARALLEL TO EACH OTHER

10. PR-SPINNING MACHINES GINNING BALE MAKING OPENER LAP MAKING CARDING DRAWING FRAME SPEED FRAME SPINNING MACHINES SMALL SCALE SPINNING CHARKHA LARGE SCALE SPINNING RING SPINNING MACHINE

11. WEAVING CONVERSION OF YARN TO FABRIC INTERLACEMENT OF YARN IN SPECIFIC WAY IN TWO DIRECTION (WIDTH WISE AND LENGTHWISE) LENGTH DIRECTION WARP WIDTH DIRECTION WEFT

12. WEAVING MACHINES LOOMS MANUALLY OPERATED LOOMS ELECTRICALY OPERATED LOOMS MANUAL LOOMS KNOWN AS HANDLOOMS FRAME LOOM PIT LOOM SEMI-AUTOMATIC LOOMS ELECTRICALLY OPERATED LOOMS KNOWN AS POWER LOOMS DIFFERENT TYPES LIKE SIMPLE POWERLOOM AIR JET LOOM RAPIER LOOM WATER JET LOOM

13. LOOMS FOR PRODUCING DESIGNED FABRIC DOBBY LOOM JACQUARD LOOM AVAILABLE BOTH IN MANUAL AND ELECTRICAL CATEGORY

14. KNITTING INTERLACEMENT OF SINGLE YARN WARP DIRECTION: WARP KNITTING WEFT DIRECTION: WEFT KNITTING MACHINES WARP KNITTING MACHINES WEFT KNITTING MACHINES

15. CHEMICAL PROCESSING VALUE ADDITION THROUGH PREPARATORY PROCESSES DYEING PRINTING FINISHING

16. PREPARATORY PROCESSES DESIZING SCOURING BLEACHING MERCERIZATION Purpose To remove Natural and added impurities To improve the appearance of fabric To impart certain desirable properties To make it suitable for subsequent processes like dyeing, printing finishing CAN BE CARRIED OUT IN YARN FORM FABRIC FORM

17. DYEING TO IMPART COLOUR UNIFORMLY ALONG THE LENGTH AND WIDTH OF FABRIC UNIFORMLY ON THE BACK AND FACE OF FABRIC DYEING CAN BE CARRIED OUT IN FIBRE FORM YARN FORM FABIC FORM

18. MACHINES USED FOR DYEING FIBRE DYEING MACHINES YARN DYEING MACHINES HANK DYEING MACHINES CHEESE DYEING MACHINES CONE DYEING MACHINES FABRIC DYEING JIGGER DYEING MACHINES PADDING MANGLE WINCH DYEING MACHINE JET DYEING MACHINES

19. PRINTING DYEING IN THE LOCALIZED FORM APPLICATION OF COLOUR IN THE FORM OF DESIGN ONE OR MORE THAN ONE COLOUR CAN BE APPLIED IN THE DESIGN KNOWN AS SINGLE COLOUR DESIGN MULTI COLOUR DESIGN

24. FINISHING PURPOSE TO IMPROVE THE APPEARANCE OF FABRIC FEEL OF FABRIC IMPART CERTAIN DESIRABLE PROPERTIES TO FABRIC LIKE WATER REPELLENT PROPERTY FOR RAIN COATS WRINKLE FREE PROPERTY TO SHIRTING AND TRAUSER FABRIC FLAME RETARDANT PROPERTY TO CURTAINS TREATMENT CARRIED OUT MAINLY IN THE FABRIC FORM CAN BE CARRIED OUT IN THE GARMENT FORM ALSO