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Marc 21 Session 7
1. Understanding MARC 21 Bibliographic Records Session 7 Presented by Emily Dust Nimsakont PowerPoint by Devra Dragos, Nebraska Library Commission; revised by Sharon Mason, Charity Martin & Emily Nimsakont
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51. Translates to: 008 990706p19991998vau060 vleng d Visual materials
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53. Translates to: 008 070701p20071964enksynn e n eng d Sound recordings
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Notas do Editor
The LCCN for some items is written as two digits, then a dash, then more digits. These first two digits are the last digits of the year that the number was assigned.
When you transcribe the number in the 010 field, replace the dash with a zero. The number goes in subfield a if it is a valid number and in subfield b if it is an invalid number. (An invalid number would occur, for example, if the LCCN for a hardcover edition of a book was shown on the record for a different edition, or if LC canceled the number for some reason.)
On newer items, the LCCN will look different. After the year 2000 it was necessary to distinguish numbers assigned in different centuries, so all four digits of the year are included now.
For these newer numbers, transcribe them exactly as they appear on the item.
Another number that will need to be included for books is the ISBN (International Standard Book Number). This number is supposed to be unique to an item but sometimes publishers use the same one for different editions of the same work.
Subfield c in this field is used for terms of availability. If you have information about the price of the book, enter it here.
Serial publications have ISSNs (International Standard Serial Numbers) instead of ISBNs.
This item has an online ISSN. These are fairly new – publishers used to use the same ISSN for both the print and electronic versions of the same resource.
The ISSN is entered as it appears on the item, with a dash in the middle.
For the publisher number field, the first indicator shows what type of number it is.
Subfield a is the publisher number itself, and subfield b is the brand or trade name of the company that assigned the number.
The 041 field is for a code that indicates the language of the item. It can also be used to indicate if the item is a translation and if it includes sign language. The most common subfields are a and h. Subfield a is used to indicate what language is used in the item. Subfield h indicates the original language if the item is a translation. This page on the MARC site includes a link to the list of language codes.
Subfield a is repeatable, and in this case, it is used twice, since the item is written in both English and Spanish. The code for English goes in subfield h, since that is the original language. In this case, the first indicator is a 1 because it is a translation. If the item was not a translation, the first indicator would be 0.
The 043 field is used for another code – this one indicates the geographic area associated with an item’s subject. As with the 041 field, the information on the MARC site provides a link to the code list.
The code in this field is based on any geographic name that is used in the item’s subject headings. (It has nothing to do with place of publication.)
All of the codes for places within the United States start with n-us-. In this case, the code for Idaho is n-us-id.
Only 7 characters are allowed in subfield a, which is repeatable, so you could have another code if another geographical area is mentioned in the subjects.
Next, we are going to talk about call number fields. As you can see, there are quite a few of these, but we are going to just focus on the fields for LC and Dewey numbers.
The 050 field is for LC call numbers. The first indicator is used to show whether or not LC owns the item, and the second indicator is used to show whether or not LC assigned the call number to the item.
The LC call number for this item is included in the CIP information. The BP133 is the class number, and the K37 is the Cutter number, based on the author’s last name.
In the 050 field, the class number goes in subfield a, and the Cutter number (also known as the book number) goes in subfield b, along with the date. Notice that both indicators are 0, which means that this item is owned by LC and that the call number was assigned by LC.
The LC call number for this item looks a little different from the last one. It has two Cutter numbers. The first one is actually part of the class number – the S4 is for Sacajawea’s name. The M36 is the Cutter for the author’s last name.
Since the S4 is part of the class number, it goes in subfield a. The M36 is the book number, so it goes in subfield b along with the date. A good rule of thumb is that the book number begins with the last capital letter in an LC number.
The 082 field is the Dewey call number field. The first indicator shows whether the number comes from the full edition or the abridged edition of Dewey. The second indicator shows whether or not the number was assigned by LC.
Slash marks can be used in place of the prime marks to show the options for abridged numbers and subdivisions.
Some CIP records indicate which edition of Dewey the number comes from.
This goes in a subfield 2. In this case, this number came from the 22 nd edition of unabridged Dewey.
The 090 field is for locally assigned LC-type call numbers. You will find these in records that were not created by LC.
Similarly, the 092 field is for locally assigned Dewey call numbers.
The 099 field is for locally assigned, free-text call numbers. These are numbers that are not in the format of either LC or Dewey. For example, in some libraries, the call numbers for DVDs are just “DVD” followed by a number. These type of numbers would go in a 099 field. These numbers are not retained when you upload a record to OCLC, but will be used on your local system.
Now, we’re going to discuss the 008, or the fixed field. We touched on this briefly in session 1. The purpose of the 008 is to provided coded information about particular aspects of the item you’re cataloging. We saw before how these codes can be used in the display of your local catalog.
Of the data elements in the 008, 00-17 and 35-39 are used for the same data in all types of items. Elements 18-34 can vary depending on what type of item you are cataloging. This is why it is important to specify the right type of material when you are creating a new record – you need to get the right fixed fields.
These are the fixed field data elements for books. You can see that elements 18-34 contain things like illustrations and whether or not there is an index.
Here is an example of the fixed field for a book and the string of characters that it is translated into by your local system.
Here is an example of how the 008 looks in the Commission’s Mandarin system. It will probably look different in your system, but you should have a way to edit it also.
Here are the data elements for visual materials. You will see that, unlike in the book data elements, elements 18-34 include things like running time and type of visual material.
Here is an 008 for a visual item and how it translates into a character string.
Here are the data elements for sound recordings. Elements 18-34 include things like form of composition and format of music.
We’ll look a little bit more in depth at some of the data elements, starting with date. The 06 element is for type of date. For books that are not reprints, this will be s, to signify a single publication date.
The code for place of publication is another fixed field data element. The list of codes for this field can be found from a link on the LOC MARC site. These codes reflect the country of publication, or if it is within the United States, the state and country of publication.
For example, if you had an item published in Chicago, you would look up the code for Illinois.
For books, elements 18-24 refer to illustrations. You can include up to 4 different types of illustrations.
Element 22 describes the target audience of a publication.
You can see how these codes are used when you look at a system like WorldCat. For example, here, the audience code allows searchers to limit by audience.
The language information is taken from the first language listed in the 041 field.
A blank in the cataloging source field indicates that the record was created by LC. The main thing to remember about fixed fields is how they are translated to the display in your local system and on WorldCat.
The 852 field is for location in your collection. The 949 field reflects your local holdings and shows up in OCLC to other users as an 049 field. If most of your holdings information is on item records, you might not need to use these fields in bibliographic records.
MARC format does have information on holdings fields. You can look at examples to get ideas of how these fields can be used.
The 856 field is a relatively new field. In this field, links to electronic resources are provided.
This field can be used for direct access to an electronic resource that you are cataloging, or for links to related resources for a print resource.
In summary, we will look at some examples of how the information in a MARC record is used in catalog displays. This is the search screen at the Commission’s catalog.
Information from both the fixed and variable fields is used to create the search options.
Here is the Lincoln City Libraries catalog. We’ll do a test search to illustrate the importance of correct MARC coding.
If you type “the” in the title field,
You get a results list that includes titles beginning with “the,” even though the title field is supposed to have a second indicator of 4, to skip 4 spaces. That means that the 245 fields in these items were coded incorrectly.
If you look at the MARC display for one of these records, you will see that in fact, the second indicator is a 0, instead of a 4.
You want to make sure you have access to the 008 field so that it can match what you have entered in the other fields.
You will be receiving an evaluation form via email from the Commission.
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