Analysis of disruption in publishing through organizational sociology and suggestions of new possibilities for scholarly communication.

1. peter
brantley
internet
archive
san
francisco
ca

2. Control
over
the
publishing
industry
has
shifted
out
of
the
hands
of
publishers.

3. concept
of
an
“organizational
field”
(defined)
often
complex
groups
or
sets
of
actors
involved.

4. stable
industry
>
stable
network
(and
vice
versa)
for
both
organizations
and
people

5. Technology
shifts
can
disrupts
a
field
…
(means
of
production,
means
of
distribution)
radical
change
in
field
members,
and
ultimately
in
its
products
or
services.

6. In
any
organizational
field,
market
actors
coalesce
around
an
“axis
of
competition”
product
|
pricing
|
services

7. Deep
cutting
technology
shifts
in
production
and
distribution
remove
the
ability
to
focus
on
any
single
axis
at
a
time.

8. Disruption
of
core
fundamentals
even
creates
conflicts
emerging
from
a
redefinition
of
old
assets:
…
a
“backward
lens”

9. For
example:
Digital
rights
for
older
backlist
titles,
where
rights
to
the
latent
rents
were
never
negotiated.

10. Outcome:
Rosetta;
Andrew
Wylie
v.
Random
House
HarperCollins
v.
Open
Road
Media

11. Difficult
enough
issue
to
have
a
separate
appendix
in
the
GBS
settlement
proposal
(“Author-­‐Publisher
Procedures”).

12. As
content
emerges
in
different
channels,
role
vs
function
conflict
develops:
authors
|
agents
|
publishers
|
retailers
Functions
no
longer
“captured”
by
orgs.

13. Tech
shifts
permits
new
firms
to
enter,
sunder
existing
networks,
and
disrupt
existing
“resource
dependencies”.

14. Call
into
question
the
very
viability
of
older
firms
and
organizations.

15. Imagine
consumer
3-­‐d
printable
aerocar
templates
on
torrents,
competing
with
existing
cars.

16. Org.
fields
in
turmoil
are
subject
to
a
wildfire
development
of
emergent
markets,
new
patterns
of
competition.

17. Amazon’s
kindle
…
Neither
the
ereader
nor
the
ebook
were
new
creations,
but
intro
into
a
disrupted
publishing
field
made
all
the
difference.

18. Apple
and
Amazon
are
something
new:
comprehensive,
proprietary
consumer-­‐
facing
content-­‐distribution
platforms.

19. Both
companies
have
created
media
consumption
portals
with
tablet
and
catalog
support.

20. Not
concerned
with
historical
relationships,
seeking
profit
in
disruption,
and
with
a
wildly
different
understanding
of
their
competition.

21. Apple,
Amazon,
Google,
Facebook
are
network-­‐centric
platforms
focused
on
a
technically-­‐enabled
monetization
of
web
traffic,
driving
consumption.

22. Reliance
on
web
technologies
enables
new
forms
of
content
to
be
developed,
new
authoring
platforms
to
be
created.

23. Apple
iPad
apps
and
interactive
books
are
previously
unimaginable
art
forms.
There
will
be
many
more
to
come.

24. Concepts
from
the
software
industry:
new
realms
of
info
design
+
arch,
and
opportunities
for
user
experience,
can
re-­‐invent
books
and
journals.

25. Digital
tech
enables
…
• highly
mobile
content
delivery;
• machine
based
auto-­‐curation;
• linked
open
data
relationships;
• semantically
driven
associations.

26. New
forms
of
product
innovation
permit
core
industry
standards
to
be
suborned
by
disruptive
firms.

27. EPUB

EPUB3
in
order
to
compete
vs.
Apple/Android
apps,
only
to
see
EPUB3
adopted
as
a
foundation
for
proprietary
enhancements.

28. Platforms
optimize
for
hardware,
while
designers
maximize
artistry.
Growing
silos
of
unique
content,
loss
of
universal
discovery
and
access.

29. Loss
of
control
over
format
standards
that
would
otherwise
buttress
industry
competition.
No
MP3
for
books.

30. Efforts
to
leverage
previous
network
relationships,
mechanics
only
serves
to
create
unexpected
consequences.

31. Publishers
attempt
to
re-­‐assert
control
of
market
pricing
and
distribution
channels
as
they
lose
control
over
product
definition.
Agency
pricing
…

32. Even
putting
aside
DoJ
intervention,
agency
pricing
can
never
re-­‐write
the
new
relationships
and
dynamics
in
publishing.

33. Old
network
of
relationships
in
the
publishing
industry
is
no
longer
useful;
ties
that
bound
actors
together
have
been
sundered.

34. In
the
shadow
of
Apple
and
Amazon
–
a
whole
new
ecosystem
of
technology-­‐
based
publishing
startups
is
emerging
on
the
coasts
premised
on
disruption.

35. Network
enables
new
forms
of
awareness,
machine
self-­‐learning
is
beginning
to
associate
people
with
information
in
new
ways.

36. Sometimes
scary.
Struggle
imminent
to
define
our
relationship
with
networks
that
are
increasingly
aware
of
our
needs
for
information.

37. “Waving
at
the
machine”
We
will
have
to
grow
into
a
new
understanding
of
how
we
share
information
through
the
network.

38. “Hold
Hands”,
wickenden,
Flickr

39. Libraries
and
universities
need
not
be
consumers
of
technology,
but
rather
can
take
adv.
of
new
technology
directly.

40. Re-­‐thinking
flow
…
By
publishing’s
disruption,
public
and
research
libraries
can
deliver
services
for
and
with
(not
“to”)
their
users.

41. Being
able
to
consider
story
telling
and
data
as
software
reshapes
how
scholars
engage
with
their
peers
and
the
public.

42. New
authoring
tools
and
platforms
enable
scholars
to
have
more
direct
control
over
how/where
they
publish
(e.g.
Wordpress:
Annotum).

43. Academic
authors
can
publish
outside
traditional
journal
publishing
systems
–
Oppty
for
hyper
local
publishing
platforms.

44. People
and
groups
can
create
their
own
own
micro-­‐publishing
sites,
and
publish
directly
on
web-­‐based
journals.
“Push”
to
publish
…

45. PLoS
One,
PeerJ,
and
related
ilk
…
that
minimally
gate
submissions:
1)
is
it
a
new
and
original
work;
2)
does
it
report
on
primary
research?;
3)
is
it
technically
rigorous?

46. And
if
we
posit
that
all
information
has
the
potential
to
be
equally
discoverable
on
the
web,
do
we
need
PLOS
One?

47. By
redirecting
its
resources
over
the
next
few
years,
a
university
can
provide
enough
publishing
services
of
its
own
to
eliminate
subventions.

48. Between
libraries
and
presses,
societies
and
membership
associations,
between
authors
and
readers,
a
new
continuum
of
publishing
services
can
be
designed.

49. Enabling
scholars
to
publish,
and
readers
(both
lay
and
academic)
to
write
back
into
the
world
for
themselves.

51. He
that
we
last
as
Thurn
and
Taxis
knew
Now
recks
no
lord
but
the
stiletto’s
Thorn,
And
Tacit
lies
the
Gold
once-­‐knotted
horn.
No
hallowed
skein
of
stars
can
ward,
I
trow,
Who’s
once
been
set
his
tryst
with
Trystero.

52. peter
brantley
director,
bookserver
project
internet
archive
@naypinya
(twitter,
gmail)