It is very easy and important

1. 1
Presentation On:Research Design And Methods
Presented By:
TE-11019: Md. Saddam Hossain Khan
TE-11025: Md. Jahedul Islam
TE-11026: Shadman Ahmed Khan
TE-141506:Niranjan Chandra Das
TE-151602:Md.Saifur Rahman

2. 
 Definiation
 Parts of RD
 Features of RD
 Important Concept of RD
 Importance of RD
Contents

3. 
Task of defining the research problem is the
preparation of the research project, popularly known
as the “research design".
Decisions regarding what, where, when, how
much, by what means concerning an inquiry
or a research study constitute a research
design.
WHAT IS RESEARCH
DESIGN ?

4. 
 A research design is the arrangement of conditions
for collection and analysis of data in a manner that
aims to combine relevance to the research purpose
with economy in procedure.
Meaning of research design

5. 
 Sampling design
 Observational design
 Statistical design
 Operational design
Research design have following parts

6. • Sampling designs
Which deals with the methods of selecting items to be
observed for the study.
• Observational design
• Which relates to the condition under which the
observation are to be create.

7. Statistical design
Which concern the question of the of How the
information and data gathered are to be analyzed ?
Operational design
Which deals with techniques by which the
procedures satisfied in sampling .

8. FEATURES OF A GOOD RESEARCH
DESIGN
• A research design appropriate for a particular research
problem, usually involves the following features.
• The mean of obtaining information.
• The availability and skills of the researcher and his staff, if
any.
• The objective of the problem to be studied.
• The nature of the problem to be studied .
• The availability of time and money for the research work.

9. BASIC PRINCIPLE OF RESEARCH DESIGN
Research design can be classified into three broad categories.
They are,
• Experimental Research-The first category that we will
examine is experimental research. In this kind of research
study , the researcher controls the setting in which the
research is conducted (the “laboratory”) and he also
manipulates the levels of the independent variable or
variables, and follows this by observation of the
corresponding changes in the dependent variable or
variables.
• Field Research- The second major category of research is
field research. In this kind of research setting, the researcher
retains control over the independent variables, but conducts
the research in a natural setting, without any control over
environmental influences.

10. BASIC PRINCIPLE OF RESEARCH DESIGN
• Observational Resea- There are many instances in
which the researcher can control neither the independent
variable nor the research setting. In this situation, the
researcher is limited to measuring, rather than
manipulating the independent variable. Like field
research, observational research designs exert no
control over the setting in which the hypothetical process
occurs .

11. IMPORTANT CONCEPTS RELATING TO
RESEARCH DESIGN
• Dependent and independent variables: A concept which can take
on different quantitative values is called a variable.A phenomena
which can take on different qualitatively values even in decimal
value are called continues.
• Extraneous variable: Independent variables that are not related to
the purpose of the study, but may affect the dependent variable are
termed as extraneous variables.
• Control : One important characteristic of a good research design is
to minimize the influence or effect of extraneous variable(s). The
technical term ‘control’ is used when we design the study
minimizing the effects of extraneous independent variables. In
experimental researches, the term ‘control’ is used to refer to restrain
experimental conditions.
•

12. IMPORTANT CONCEPTS RELATING TO
RESEARCH DESIGN
• Confounded relationship : When the dependent variable is not free
from the influence of extraneous variable(s), the relationship
between the dependent and independent variables is said to be
confounded by an extraneous variable(s).
• Research hypothesis : When a prediction or a hypothesized
relationship is to be tested by scientific methods, it is termed as
research hypothesis. The research hypothesis is a predictive
statement that relates an independent variable to a dependent
variable. Usually a research hypothesis must contain at least, one
independent and one dependent variable. Predictive statements
which are not to be objectively verified or the relationships that are
assumed but not to be tested, are not termed research hypotheses.

13. IMPORTANT CONCEPTS RELATING TO
RESEARCH DESIGN
• Experimental and non-experimental hypothesis-
testing research : When the purpose of research is to test a
research hypothesis, it us termed as hypothesis testing
research . It can be experimental or non- experimental.

14. OBSERVATION
• Observation are our perception of reality and
experimental in nature. Observation in the
activity of a living being (such a human),
consisting of receiving knowledge of the
outside through the senses , or the recording of
data using scientific instruments.

15. FACTS
• The word fact can refer to verified information
about past or present circumstances or events
which are presented as objective reality. In
science, it means a probable concept.

16. LAW
•Law refers to an expression of some
order in nature

17. CATEGORIES OF LAW
• Auxioms: Auxioms are real, universal and self
evident proposition. They donot need any proof.
• Primary law: They are less general than auxioms
but they represent the highest point reached by
sciences. These laws are subjected to proof.
• Secondary law: Secondary laws are generally
derived from primary laws. They are either
derivative or empirical. They are less general than
primary laws.

18. THEORY
• A theory is a set of systematically interrelated
concepts, definition and proposition that are
advanced to explain and predict phenomena
(facts). Theories are used to explain and
predict.

19. EXAMPLE OF THIS
• Suppose a researcher want to test the hypothesis
that there is a relationship between children gains in
social studies achievement and their self concept.
• In this case self-concept =independent variable
• Social studies achievement =dependent variable
• Intelligence may as well affect on the social
achievement.
• But it is not related to the study undertaken by the
researcher so it is a Extraneous variable

20. PREDICTION
• A prediction or forecast, is a statement about a
future event. A prediction is often, but not always,
based upon experience or knowledge. There is no
universal agreement about the exact difference
between the two terms; different authors and
disciplines ascribe different connotation (Contrast
with estimation.)

21. EXPLANATION
• Explanation is the mental process used for clarification of
understanding. Explanation is used where there is
complexity or perplexity. Scientific explanation consists
in discovering, deducing and assimilating the laws of
phenomena.

22. INDUCTION AND DEDUCTION
• Induction: Induction is the process of reasoning
whereby we arrive at universal generalization from
particular facts. Induction involves a passage from
observed to unobserved. Induction involves two
processes, i) Observation, ii) Generalization.
• Generalization: To generalize is to show that the
attribute are not only to be found those individuals which
are examined but also in all similar individuals.
• Deduction: Deduction is the process of drawing
generalization through a process of reasoning on the
basis of certain assumptions wfich are either self evident
or base on observation.

23. DIFFERENT RESEARCH DESIGN
1.In case of Exploratory research study
2.in case of descriptive and diagnostic research
3.In case of hypothesis testing research studies

24. RESEARCH DESIGN IN CASE OF
EXPLORATORY RESEARCH DESIGN
• Research design in case of exploratory research
design are also termed as formulative research
studied.
• The main purpose is that of formulate the
research problem three methods are
• 1. The survey of concerning literature
• 2. The experiencce survey
• 3. The analyysis of ‘inside-stimulating

25. 1.THE SURVEY OF CONCERNING
LITERATURE
• This is most simple and fruitful method of
formulating the research problem .
• Hypothesis is taken earlier workers and their
usefulness be evaluating as a basis for further
Research.

26. 2. THE EXPERIENCE SURVEY
 The experience survey means the survey of people
who had practical experience .
 The object is to obtain new ideas relating to the
research problem.

27. 3.THE ANALYSIS OF ‘INSIDE-
STIMULATING
• It is also a fruitful method of suggesting the hypothesis.
It is particularly suitable in the areas where there is little
experience to serve as a guide.
• In this method the existing records may be examined .

28. IN CASE OF DESCRIPTIVE AND
DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH
• in case of descriptive research study –one those studied
which are concerned with describing the characteristics
of a particular Individual , or a group.
• In diagnostic research study determine the frequency
which some thing occur

29. For Students

30. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
• Quantitative research is about asking people for their opinions
in a structured way, so that you can produce hard facts and
statistics to help guide you with your work. To for this
type of research to be successful it is suggested that you
survey people in fairly large numbers and to make sure
they are a representative sample of your target market. This is
a very important type of research for students in particular
because the feedback is always essential to improve your
work.

31. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
Qualitive research is used to help us understand more about
how people feel about things and why they feel that way. To do
this you must collect in-depth information asking questions
such as ‘Why do you say that?’ The samples you do will tend
to be a smaller mass that you would have with a Quantitative
research. Depth interviews and or group discussions are two
common methods used for collecting Qualitative research.
This is a vital technique of research for students to use and
personal opinions always matter no matter what project, work
or design you are completing.

32. SECONDARY RESEARCH
• Secondary research is a way of collecting data that has
already been gathered by someone other than yourself.
This technique is used when performing marketing
research. This type of research is particularly useful
because it allows the researcher to identify a new topic
rather that one that has already been researched. This is
good for students because it allows them to approach
work using a different type of research technique.

33. PRIMARY RESEARCH
• Primary research is experiments, investigations, or tests
carried out to collet together data first-hand, rather than
being gathered from published sources. This is a skill
that students must learn as it is useful for all different
types of work and is a great technique to know.

34. SELF-GENERATED
• Self-generated research when you are collecting date to
research through your own video, audio or photographic
records of events. This is an important type of research
to be able to master for students because a lot of school
projects that you will be faced with over the years will
require you to collect data on your own material.

35. AUDIENCE RESEARCH
• Audience research is all about collect
information about who your target audience are for a
product, service or presentation/pitch. Your target
audience is such an important part for any type of project
because they are the people who will potentially
see/buy/use your product.For students, this is a must to
learn as especially in media studies you will need to know
how to do this type of research for your studies.

36. PRODUCTION RESEARCH
• Production research involves finding information that
can be used for marketing research that yields
information about desired characteristics of the product
or service.
• Marketing research is research that gathers and
analyses information about the moving of good or
services from producer to consumer. Production
research is essential for students to learn because in
there life if they ever organise some sort of production
they need to know how to research and plan the
production for it to be successful. To have a successful
production they will need to find out the following
content, viability, placement media, finance, costs,
technological resources, personnel, locations. To do this
you must do production research.