1. Cellular Respiration
 All living things need
energy
 Energy in the form
of…
Food =chemical
energy
 Cell
energy=ATP

4. Eukaryote vs Prokaryote
Glycolytic pathways

5. Prokaryotes
 Lack mitochondria??
 Free enzymes break
down glucose-ATP
 1 glucose=2 ATP
 No O2 needed so…
 ANAEROBI
C
 Some,however…??
?

12. Quiz-anaerobic gylcolysis
 Where in the cell does
gylcolysis occur?
 Fate of glucose in the
beginning of gylcolysis?
 Explain “it takes energy to
make energy”??
 How much net ATP is made?
 What else is made?
 2 types of fermentation?
 Cytoplasm
 Fructose (isomer)
 Invest 2 ATP get 4
 Net= 2 ATP
 CO2 + NADH
 Lactate or alcohol

14. Mitochondrial structure
 Two compartments
inner and outer
 Inner=MATRIX
 Lotsa folds=…why?
 Outer=acid…why?

15. The Mitochondria
 Double membrane
 Has it’s own DNA!!
 Can reproduce in
cell…!
 Endosymbiont??
 Possible evolution?

17. Possible evolution of
mitochondria-endosymbiont

21. The Fate of PYRUVATE
 Taken into mitochondria
 Broken down to ACETATE
 CO2 produced
 Binds to large protein Coenzyme A to
produce acetyl Coenzyme A

24. The TCA or KREBS CYCLE
CO2
NADH &
FADH
 2 more
ATP

25. Krebs Cycle

26. Quiz-Krebs cycle (TCA cycle)
 What are the reactants?
 What is produced?
 What do we mean by
nonmembrane reactions?
 What is NADH? FADH?
 What is CoA and why is it
important?
 Pyruvate (C3)
 2 ATP, CO2, NADH,
FADH
 Enzymes not embedded
 Energy carriers
 Escort molecule to
Krebs cycle

27. 3rd alternative pathway…
 Mitochondria and
 O2 needed
 Uses NADH and
FADH produced in
previous reactions
 To make more ATP
 Lots more!!

29. What is NADH?? FADH??
 ENERGY
CARRIER!
 Same for FADH
 Carrier to…?

31. Electron Transport System
 ETS (cytochrome
chain) is a series of
reduction/oxidation
reactions
 Enzymes
embedded in
mitochondrial
membranes

32. ETS--Chemiosmosis
 RedOx reactions
pump H+ out of
matrix to…
 Outer compartment
 H+ = acid…aha!

33. Chemiosmosis
 H+ can only “fall” back into matrix thru
 A special enzyme/protein complex
 ATP SYNTHASE…guess what that
makes??
 But…how much ATP??

39. glycolysis

41. Alternatives to carbos?
 Fats (2X calories/gm)
but produce ketones
 Protein produces
ammonia!!
 We utilize some of
each but in small
amounts

42. Why are virtually all living
things aerobes??
 There’s lotsa O2
 Mitochondria
 MORE ATP/glucose!
 Protective enzymes
(SOD, catalase, etc)

43. Summary Quiz
 What are the reactants of aerobic
respiration?? Products? Equation?
 List the three respiratory stages:
 Where in the cell do each occur?
 What are the products of each?
 Why is oxygen needed?
 How much ATP is produced by
 Anaerobic gylcolysis?
 Aerobic glycolysis?
 List the 2 types of fermentation??