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Semelhante a Hybrid electric vehicle
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Hybrid electric vehicle
- 2. Contents Part I: what is a hybrid vehicle Part II: Need for a hybrid vehicle Part III: Concept of hybridization Part IV: Architectures of Hybrids
- 3. Part I :What is hybrid vehicle Any vehicle which combines two or more sources of power to operate is called hybrid vehicle Examples : diesel – electric gasoline - electric
- 4. HEV,EV? A traditional vehicle has sole propulsion by ICE or diesel engine EV - Electric Vehicle, battery (or ultra capacitor, fly wheels) operated only. Sole propulsion by electric motor An HEV (Hybrid Electric Vehicle) is a vehicle which involves multiple sources of propulsions
- 5. Part II :Need for the hybrid vehicle Rising petrol/diesel prices Pollution and the resultant global warming Noise
- 6. Part III: Concept of hybridization? Multiple sources of power Making ICE work in most efficient range Sizing of motor and ICE lower compared to conventional vehicles and EV Modes of operation
- 7. Part IV: Architectures of Hybrids According to the method the energy sources are arranged Parallel HEV: Multiple propulsion sources can be combined, or drive the vehicle alone with one of the energy sources Series HEV: Sole propulsion by electric motor, but the electric energy comes from another on board energy source, such as ICE Power split : it is a parallel and series hybrid vehicle which additionally uses power spliter
- 8. Parallel hybrid Fuel tank which supplies gasoline to the engine Set of batteries that supplies power to electric motor Both the engine and electric motor can turn the transmission system at the same time and the transmission system then turns the wheels
- 9. Parallel (cont.) When the Alternative power unit (APU) is OFF the vehicle runs as an electric vehicle When the APU is on the controller divides the power between drive trains(propulsion) and Batteries ( Energy storage) Under acceleration more power is allocated to drive train than batteries . During Idle or low speed more power is allocated to batteries The batteries provide Additional power to the drive train and also to power auxiliary system such as Air conditioner and heater
- 11. EXAMPLES Honda civic hybrid Honda Insight 2nd generation Mercedes Benz S400 Blue Hybrid
- 12. Advantages ICE operation can be optimized, with motor assist or share the power from the ICE Flexible in configurations and gives room for optimization of fuel economy and emissions Reduced engine size Possible plug-in hybrid for further improved fuel economy and emission reduction Disadvantag e Complicated control strategy Complex transmission
- 13. SERIES HYBRID Similar to an parallel hybrid with an on board generator The vehicle runs in a Battery like a pure electric vehicle until the battery reach the pre determined discharge level At that point the APU turns ON and Starts Recharging the Battery The APU is ON until the Battery recharged to its predetermined level The APU never directly powers the vehicle The time duration of APU ON depends on the size of the battery and APU itself Since the APU is not directly connected to the drive train it can run on its operating condition. Hence fuel economy is more and
- 15. EXAMPLES GM Motors – Chevy volt Trinity – Saturn Vue SUV
- 16. Advantages IC Engine mostly run at optimal speed and torque IC Engine can be turned OFF in zero emission zone Low floor possible Low fuel consumption High fuel efficiency Disadvantag es Many energy conversion so more energy loss Additional weight/cost due to increased components
- 17. POWER SPLIT HYBRID It is also called as series-parallel hybrid Here the power transmission some times is shared according to requirement If the battery utilises complete power then it is called as series architecture If the power shared among the engine and battery then it is called parallel architecture Power is shared by a power splitter which is simply called as planetary gear set
- 19. EXAMPLES Toyota – Prius Ford Escape and Fusion
- 20. Advantages Disadvantages IC Engine can be turned OFF IC Engine speed can be chosen by adjusting generator speed Power vicious may leading to low efficiency Relatively complex Expensive
- 21. Key advantages of HEVs Optimize the fuel economy – Optimize the operating point of ICE – Stop the ICE if not needed (ultra low speed and stops) – Recover the kinetic energy at braking – Reduce the size (hp and volume) of ICE Reduce emissions – Minimize the emissions when ICE is optimized in operation – Stop the ICE when it’s not needed – Reduced size of ICE means less emissions
- 22. Quiet Operation – Ultra low noise at low speed because ICE is stopped – Quiet motor, motor is stopped when vehicle comes to a stop, with engine already stopped – Reduced maintenance because ICE operation is optimized, less hazardous material, fewer tune ups, longer life cycle of ICE – Fewer spark-plug changes – Fewer oil changes – Fewer fuel filters, antifreeze, radiator flushes or water pumps – Fewer exhaust repairs or muffler changes
- 23. Key Concerns of HEVs High initial cost – Increased components such as battery, electric machines, motor controller, etc. Reliability concern – Increased components, especially power system, electronics, sensors Warranty issues – Issues on major electric components – Dealership and repair shop not familiar with new components Safety: high voltage system employed in HEV
- 24. Key concerns(cont.) Short Driving Range- Range anxiety Recharging takes much longer time than refueling gasoline-lack of charging infrastructure Battery pack takes space and weight of the vehicle which otherwise is available to the people Grid load ICE + Electric motor = Propulsion