The Presentation which I delivered in the RECKON TechFest Presentation rounds in my B.Tech. 2nd Year

1. DIGITAL
ELECTRONICS
Advantage, Scope & Future Possibiltities
Made By :
Naval Kush (Elex. & Comm. Engg.)
IVS – IT, Mathura

2. What is Digital Electronics ? ? ?
 Digital Electronics is that
branch of electronics which
deals with the digital signals
to perform various tasks and
meet various requirements !
 It is based upon the digital
design methodologies and
consists of digital circuits,
IC’s and logic gates.
 It uses only binary digits,
i.e. either ‘0’ or ‘1’ !

3. Why was digital electronics needed??
 Most analog systems were
less accurate, and were slow
in computation and
performance.
 Digital system have the
ability to work faster than
analog equivalents, and can
operate on very high
frequencies too ! ! ! ! !
 It was much economical than
analog methodologies as the
performance was faster !

4. Digital Systems : The 21st Era
 Basically, the 21st era systems uses Silicon wafers, IC’s, CMOS etc.
in the VLSI technology to build up the large scale electronic
devices & machines.
 The most commonly used devices are the Data servers, GPS
systems, Security systems, market products like Bar Code Readers
etc. !
 All these devices are precise and reliable except the user makes
his own mistake, i.e. in these devices, system errors are least
possible.
 The Cost : Performance ratio is high, hence these are
economically beneficial too !

5. What are Integrated Circuits (IC’s) ???
 IC’s are the micro circuits
which are fabricated on a very
small silicon wafers (chip) at
which various components
like BJT, CMOS etc. are
mounted up to make a
wholesome functional unit.
 These days, various types of
circuit integrations are
possible at large extent, i.e.
small scale, large scale, and
very large scale integration
(VLSI).

6. What are Logic Gates ?????
 Logic gates are the basic
blocks of the digital circuits.
 There are basic gates of three
types viz. AND, OR & NOT.
 Two universal gates are made
of these 3 basic gates, which
are NAND gate & NOR gate.
 These gates are the basic
functional blocks of digital
circuits which work upon
making combinations of 0’s
and 1’s !
 These are the sub-
components of the IC’s !

7. CMOS – The basic building block of IC’s today!!!
 The C-MOS (Complementary
Metal Oxide Semi-conductor)
is the basic building block of
IC’s today.
 It is a combination of a p-
channel MOSFET and a n-
channel MOSFET as described
in the figure.
 These days, it is being used
widely because it has the least
power dissipation in all the
components available for
fabrication today !

8. Why CMOS dissipates less power??
 In CMOS structure, when n-
MOS is on, the p-MOS is off,
and when p-MOS is on, the
n-MOS is off !
 Thus, the structure of CMOS
does the work of two
transistors, consuming the
less power of only one
transistor (MOSFET).
 This shows the reason why
CMOS is being used at a
large scale today.
 It is used to make the logic
gates.

9. Example of Advantage of Digital
Systems over Analog Systems :
 The most common present time
example is the speedometers
used in vehicles.
 In analog meters, there is an
error chance of misreading
the speed, while in the digital
seven-segment display of a
digital speedometer, there is
no chances left for a
misreading error, hence
increasing the accuracy !
 Even in the digital meters, there is
a ‘HOLD’ button to hold the
display value on screen.

10. (Analog Vs Digital) Electronics !!
 Analog Elex.  Digital Elex.
 It has usually larger  It has smaller integrated
circuits & occupies more
circuits & occupies lesser
area.
area.
 Analog measuring
instruments are less  Digital measuring
accurate, chances of instruments are more
misreading are more. accurate, and there is no
 The instruments are case of misreading it.
delicate and harms are  The instruments are more
more in case of drops strong, and there are
and falls. lesser harms on drops and
falls.

11. Data Transmission using Digital Systems……
 The digital system send the data in the
form of packets of digital codes, thus we
can encode and decode them in various
formats and codes.
 Data encryption is also possible in the
digital systems, hence the data
transmission is more secure, and can be
manipulated in many formats !
 Digital systems are much advantageous in
communications

12. Future Scopes & Possibilities Of
Digital Electronics :
 The digital electronics uses VLSI
technology, which has
considerably decreased the size
and area of the circuit boards,
and has enhanced the accuracy
and performance of the systems.
 Moreover, digital systems have
the advantage of data encryption
for the communication
purposes !
 The data transmission is safe and
secure.
 All these factors clearly show that
the digital electronics stream has
wide future scope in the modern
era !