1. RESPIRATORY CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS IN HIV-SERONEGATIVE CHILDREN IN UGANDA: POTENTIAL FOR RESPIRATORY TRANSMISSION Natalia Salazar V Medicine – Semester III UPB

3. INTRODUCTION

4. INTRODUCTION Cryptosporidiosis is a parasitic disease that cause diarrheal illness. Its Caused by Cryptosporidium It is a protozoan pathogen enteric parasite. It is spread through the fecal-oral route, through contaminated water. The transmission occurs after ingestion of oocysts

5. INTRODUCTION Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus The HIV that causes a condition in humans in which the immune system begins to fail

7. MATERIALES Y METODOS

9. Conteo de linfocitos CD4 Muestra de saliva Muestra fecal con hisopo. Analisis de tincion Para Cryptosporidium Muestra de sangre. Procedimientos clinicos - Muestras Examen fisico detallado 1 Niño por cada 4 niños positivos Tarjetas FTA Muestra de esputo Incluyo conteo de celulas sanguineas Tecnica PCR anidado Tarjetas FTA Tecnica PCR anidado (+) (-)

10. RESULTADOS

11. Resultados (-) Cryptosporidium Muestra saliva 1 No se le hizo prueba de esputo 2 (+) Cryptosporidium Muestra saliva 103 Muestras PARA SALIVA 1Tos sin vomito Cryptosporidium en PCR anidado

12. Resultados 810 (-) Cryptosporidium Muestra fecal 53 Niños sometidos a prueba de esputo 116 (+) Cryptosporidium Muestra fecal 13 Niños sometidos a prueba de esputo 0 (+) 926 Niños 5 (+) Cryptosporidium En PCR primera muestra PARA ESPUTO 17 (+) Cryptosporidium En PCR anidado

14. DISCUSSION

15. “ This study has several limitations. Stool specimens were screened for Cryptosporidium using modified acid-fast stain stain rather than more-sensitive but laborious methods, such as PCR, to allow a rapid diagnosis.It is therefore likely that some children with stool samples that had negative microscopy findings in fact had the parasite. In our experience, and in several published studies” Morgan UM, Pallant L, Dwyer BW, Forbes DA, Rich G, Thompson Stroup SE, Roy S, McHele J, et al. “ Respiratory cryptosporidiosis is believed to occur rarely, if at all, in immunologically healthy humans. Only 2 case reports have documented respiratory infection in immunocompetent persons.” Harari MD, West B, Dwyer B Campayo Ibanez A, Lacruz Rodrigo J, Valls Ferrer JM, Bonora Tamarit “ However, coinfection with organisms such as cytomegalovirus and Pneumocystis jiroveci can obscure the specific contribution of cryptosporidiosis to respiratory disease in persons with AIDS” Ma P, Villanueva TG, Kaufman D, Gillooley JF. “ Historically, studies have relied on staining methods to identify parasites in respiratory tissues and secretions. The low sensitivity of these methods may partly account for the limited number of reports in healthy persons. PCR detection of Cryptosporidium is diagnostically superior for detecting parasites in stool samples” Balatbat AB, Jordan GW, Tang YJ, Silva J, Jr. NO YES Text Author

16. CONCLUSIONS

19. MAPA CONCEPTUAL Respiratory Cryptosporidiosis in HIV-Seronegative Children in Uganda: Potential for Respiratory Transmission