this presentation is about phycology (algae)

1. M.Narayani
I Msc Microbiology
phycology

2. Phycology
The study of algae is called phycology or algology
The term algae includs chlorophyllous thallophytes

3. Distribution of Algae
Most are Aquatic
Live in photic zone
Either fresh or sea water
Photosynthetic pigment
Planktons:Free floating or free swimming algae
Benthic:Attached & living on the bottom of water
Epiphytes:Live on another plant or another algae
Lithophytes:Grow attached to rocks

4. Classification of Algae
Classification based on:
Pigmentation
Reserve food
Flagellar arrangment
Thallus organization
Reproduction

5. W.H.Harvey classification
Harvey 1836
Based on their colour divided into three:
Chlorospermae (green algae)
Melanospermae (brown algae)
Rhodospermae (red algae)

6. Fritsch’s classification
Fritsch 1935
Book:Structure & Reproduction of algae
Classified into 11 classes:
Chloro phyceae
Xanthophyceae
Chrysophyceae
Bacillariophyceae
Cryptophyceae
Dinophyceae
Chlromonodineae

7. Euglenophyceae
Phaeophyceae
Rodophyceae
Myxophyceae

8. G.M.Smith classification
DIVISION CLASSES
 Chlorophyta
 Euglenophyta
 Pyrrophyta
 Chrysophyta
o Chlorophyceae
o Charophyceae
o Euglenophyceae
o Cryptophyceae
o Desmokontae
o Dinophyceae
o Xanthophyceae
o Chrysophyceae
o Bacillariophyceae

9. Phaeophyta
Cyanophyta
Rhodophyta
o Isogeneratae
o Heterogenerate
o Cyclosporae
o Myxophyceae
o Rhodophyceae

10. Thallus organization
Plant body of algae
Not differentiated into stem,root&leaves
Divided into two types:
Unicellular Thallus
Multicellular Thallus
UNICELLULAR THALLUS
Absent in charophyta & phaeophyta
May be motile flagellate (chlamydomonas)

11.  Non-motile coccoid (chlorella)
 Amoeboid
 Filamentous thallus (spirogyra)
 Filamentous may be branched
 MULTICELLULAR THALLUS
 Four main type:
 Colonial forms
 Filamentous forms
 Siphonous form
 Parenchymatous form

12.  Colonial forms
 Cell divison adds huge masses
 Three types:
 Palmelloid: eg:Tetraspora,Microcystis
 Coenobium: eg:Voivox,Pandorina
 Dendroid: eg:Dinobryon
 Filamentous forms
 Multicelled thread like structure
 Three types:
 Simple branched filamentous: eg:Cladophora
 Un branched filamentous: eg:Spirogyra,Ulothrix
 Heterotrichous filamentous: eg:Ectocarpus

13. Siphonous forms
Coencytic multinucleate thallus
Lack septation
Septa develops only during formation of sexual part
Eg:Protosiphon,Vaucheria
Parenchymatous forms
Modification of filamentous form
Leaf-like or Foliose thallus
Loosely arranged cells
Eg: sargassum,Ulva,Entermopha

14. Reproduction in algae
The production of organisms
Three kinds of Reproduction:
Vegetative reproduction
Asexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction

15. Vegetative reproductin
Takes place by Fragmentation or
By the formation of adventitious branches
Asexual reproduction
Takes place by spores like:
Zoospores:
Nacked,flagellated & motile
Eg:Chlamydomonas

16. Aplanospores:
Thin walled
Non motile
Eg:Chlorella
Akineties:
Thick walled
Non motile
Eg:Pithophora

17. Sexual reproduction
Involves fusion of two gametes:
Homothallic
Heterothallic
Homothallic:
Fusing gametes belong to same thallus
Heterothallic:
Fusing gametes belong to different thalli

18. Reference
Book: Text book of algae
Auther:R.M.Johri sandhya sharma
Edition: First edition 2004