This SIP for fresh site engineer in construction field.As a site engineer read this book to quality full work done.

1. CIVIL ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT
ORION
1

2. CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
STANDARD IMPLEMENTATION PROCEDURE OF CIVIL
CONSTRUCTION FOR:
2

3. STANDARD IMPLIMENTATION PROCEDURE
PREPARED BY:
1.ENGR.MD.ABDUL MANNAN
SR.EXECUTIVE
2.ENGR.MD.KAMAL HOSSAIN
EXECUTIVE
APPROVED BY:
MD.SAHAJADA NURAYAFSA
HEAD OF PLANT 3

4.  “Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that
deals with the design, construction and maintenance of the physical
and naturally built environment including public works such as
road, bridge, cannel, dams, sewerage system, pipe line, structural
components of building and railways’’
CIVIL ENGINEERING:
4

5. OBJECTIVE:
 A standard implementation procedure (SIP) is a set of step by step instruction
complied by an organization to help workers, engineer’s carry out complex
routine operations. SIP aim to achieve efficiency quality output and uniformity
of performance , while reducing miscommunication and failure to comply with
industry regulation.
 STANDARD IMPLEMENTATION PROCEDURE(SIP)
5

6. TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. CONVERSION TABLE
2. UNIT WEIGHT
3. MOBILISATION
4. SITE SAFETY
5. LAND DEVELOPMENT
6. LAYOUT
7. FOUNDATION
8. PILE WORK
9. TESTING OF MATERIALS
10.REINFORCEMENT CEMENT
CONCRETE
11. MIX RATIO
12. REQUIRMENT OF MATERIAL
13. BRICK WORK
14. PLASTER WORK
15. TILES & MARBLE
16. SANITARY & PLUMBING
17. METAL WORK
18. ALUMIUM WORK
19. PAINT WORK
20. ROAD CONSTRUCTION
6

7. CONVERSION TABLE
7

8. 8

10. UNIT WEIGHT
10

11. 11

12. 12

13. 13

14. MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENT RELATIONS
14

15. QUALITY OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS
 STONE CHIPS:
 It may be made of crushed stone.
 Appearance shall be completely non plastic and free from any organic particle
and clay.
 Percentage of wearing shall not exceed 30% tested by LAAT.
 Stone chips will be well graded thatmeans3/4” size 60%, ½” size 30% and pie
size 10%.
 Unit weight shall not less than 1570kg/cum.
 Compressive strength shall not be less than36.1Mpa(5240Psi)
15

16. 1. Appearance and colour – A good brick should have a uniform rectangular shape with
even surfaces and sharp corners. It should be free from cracks. It should have a uniform
brick-red colour.
2. Hardness and soundness – Good bricks should be hard and should not be scratched by
fingernail. Also, should give a metallic sound when two brick are struck to each other.
3. Durability – A good brick should be able to withstand weathering actions of Sun, rain
wind etc.
4. Fire resistance – A good brick should be able to withstand a temperature up to 1500˚ F
or 816˚ C.
5. Strength – A good brick is strong enough to not to break, when dropped on another
brick from a height of about 1.25 Meters.
CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD BRICKS
16

17. 6. Water absorption – A good brick should not absorb more than 20% of water by weight,
when placed in water for 24 hours.
7. Efflorescence – It should not contain much alkaline salts which causes efflorescence on the
surface and decays the brick.
Engineering Bricks Min. Compressive Strength Max. Water Absorption
Class A 70 N/mm2 4.5%
Class B 50 N/mm2 7.0%
17

18. Mobilization of Procedure
1. Collection of Survey drawing, Approved Architectural drawing, structural drawing.
2. Property fencing work by Brick wall or Sheet fencing for ensuring proper security
system.
3. Ensuring Gas line, Water line, Sewerage line etc.
4. Collection of tools related with work such as :
a) Site Equipment (Mixture Machine, Vibrator machine, water pump, Submersible pump,
Cylinder set, Slump cone, Marsh cone, Total Station, Level Machine etc.)
b) Stationary Item (Computer, Printer, File cabinet, Chair, Table, Calculator, Measurement
Tape etc.)
c) Hardware Items: CI sheet, Polythene, Plain sheet, Bamboo, Steel prop, Steel runner etc.
d) Sanitary Items: Long Pan, Commode, Basin, P.V.C Pipe, Bend, Socket, Tee etc.
e) Construction Materials: Stone Chips, Sand, Bricks, Cement, Rebar, plank wood, Nail
etc.
4. Temporary Shed (Site Office, Materials Store, Stuff living, Labor shed etc.)
5. Showing Signboard with Company Name, Site Location & Area of Land.
7. Provide Security personal for Security purpose.

19. CONSTRUCTION SITE SAFETY
19

20. CONSTRUCTION SITE SAFETY
20

21. Land Development Work
1. Driving Spike for identifying the periphery of the desired Area.
2. Clearing and grubbing the area if required.
3. Preparing the land development plan and setting the formation level by marking at the
reference pillar.
4. Starting filling sand layer by layer ( Layer not more than 450mm).
5. Watering and compaction each layer by mechanical compaction (20 Ton Vibromax Roller)
6. Ensuring the Percent compaction 95% and Dry density by Standard Proctor test method/
Sand cone Method prior to next layer spreading.
7. Finally leveling the top surface of formation Level.
21

22. Layout Setting Work
1. Checking the area of proposed land where the building will be constructed as per the
approved Architectural drawing.
2. Setting up a Bench Mark Post with respect to the nearest road level.
3. Setting reference grid line according to the approved architectural drawing.
4. Checking the right angle and Diagonal length.
5. Checking the distance between two consecutive gridlines.
6. Adjusting the excess or shortage area with the help of the Chief Architect at Site.
7. Fixing the Gridline point with existing Structure By Driving nail or Marking color,
if existing structure is not available near the site it may be fixed by making brick
pillar or driving bamboo spike up to the 3’-0” depth.
8. Writing the gridline number on the post and distance from one gridline to other
gridline.
9. Providing Footing layout with respect to the grid line and Architectural, Structural
drawing.
10. Providing Layout using Total station machine which is very easiest process in
modern construction arena.
Materials Required
1.Steel measuring tape
16’-0” and 100’-0”
length.
2.Hammer.
3.Red color paint and
brush for marking grid
line.
4.Plastic rope
5.Hand Square
6.Bamboo pole
7.Water level.
8.Trowel, Cement,
Sand, brick chips,
water etc.
22

23. Foundation Work
1. Footing layout setting in accordance with approved Architectural and Structural drawing.
2. Earth excavation as per footing size & depth. If the position of two footing very closed, we
have to try not to cut the earth in between two footing.
3. Digging a sum pit (depth-4’’) at a corner of footing area before footing rebar binding so that
extra water can dewater during casting.
4. Checking rebar dia, spacing, clear cover etc.as per structural drawing prior to footing
casting.
5. Placing a column cage on footing rebar as per architectural & structural drawing &
specification.
6. Checking of column rebar dia, number of rebar, spacing of tie, hook length, development
length etc. as per structural drawing.
7. During footing casting footing depth marking with red tape.
8. Concrete have to place in position properly within 30 minutes after mixing.
9. Compacting concrete layer by layer (8’’-10’’) with electric vibrator using 1.5’’ dia nuzzle up
to 10 seconds at each point vertically.
23

24. 10. After completing the casting work up to the required depth the top surface will be leveled by using
steel/wooden patta.
11. Maintaining water cement ratio as per design requirement.
12. Taking One set cylinder (06 nos) each 20 cum concrete for Lab test.
After Casting:
*After 24 hours we have to start curing by creating water barrier or wetting gunny bag on the surface.
*Ensuring safety factor for construction workers & pedestrians.
24

25. Pile Work
1. Pile center locating using M.S Rod with casting as per approved architectural & Structural
drawing for every Pile.
2. Checking Chisel dia, Winch Machine, Rig, Tremie pipe, Drilling Pipe, Funnel, Bucket etc.
3. Checking Pile Center same as the Rig center after setting Tripod Rig.
4. Ensuring pile center measuring from three reference side.
5. Ensuring caging dia before start the pile boring.
6. Washing the boring after completion of pile digging up to low density water coming out.
7. Inserting Rebar cage
8. In case of using two rebar cage full length welding is required at lapping area.
9. It is mandatory maintaining proper clear cover during inserting rebar cage.
10.Inserting Tremie pipe for casting
11.Pouring concrete
12.End of the tremie pipe below the concrete top level.
25

26. Test FM Analysis
SAND TEST(FM ANALYSIS)
26

27. Instrument Slump Measurement
SLUMP OF CONCRETE
27

28. Cylinder Test Test Report
CYLINDER TEST(R.C.C)
28

29. Reinforcement Cement Concrete (R.C.C)
1. Ensuring sufficient number of mixture machine, nuzzle, vibrator machine, water and
concrete mixing ingredients.
2. Layout checking of Beam and Column as per the approved drawing.
3. Ensuring availability of mixture machine fuel.
4. Ensuring Slab Level mark at each Column.
5. Checking the top level of Slab using total station or level machine.
6. Water tightening work at Beam & Column joint.
7. Checking the props are tight and vertically place.
8. Ensuring the depth of slab & Beam as per structural drawing.
9. Washing Stone & Sand
10. Checking the Rebar spacing & lapping length in proper position.
11. Ensuring the sufficient Cement, Sand & Stone at site before casting.
12. Making proper size block prior to casting.
29

30. Reinforcement Cement Concrete (R.C.C)
1. Engaging an engineer for properly batching.
2. Ensuring rolling time minimum 2 minutes after last ingredient addition.
3. Ensuring Water: Cement ratio as per trial mix.
4. Level should be check by reference line.
5. Ensuring the using vibrator at casting.
6. Ensuring the spacing between two layer reinforcement using cement block/ rebar chair clear
cover accordingly.2”x1”x3/4” block for bottom layer of slab rod at 3-0 C/C and 2”x2”x3”
for top layer @ 2-0 C/C.
7. Ensuring the clear cover as below:
*Slab Top & Bottom = ¾’’
*Beam Bottom & Side =1.5’’
*Column Above PL =1.5’’
*All Structure Below PL =1.5’’ to 3’’ as required.
During Casting
30

31. Reinforcement Cement Concrete (R.C.C)
After Casting
1. Starting curing after 24 Hours by ponding system.
2. Column & Beam side curing by water sprinkling or wetting gunny bag.
3. The de-shuttering work will have to start from far end of a cantilever slab or cantilever portion.
4. The removal of shuttering should be started from the center of the slab.
5. If any honeycomb is visible after removal of shuttering it will be rectified by chipping, cleaning
and filling properly.
6. The form work shall not be removed before the expire of the minimum curing period specified
As below:
SL No Particulars Minimum Curing Period
01 Bottom of Slab 15 Days
02 Bottom of Beam & Girders 21 Days
03 Side of Beam 07 Days
04 Side of Column 03 Days
05 Side of Pedestal & Footing 02 Days
31

32. 32

33. Description of work Ratio
Cement Concrete work (Anywhere) Cement: Sand: C.A =1:3:6
Paten Stone Cement: Sand: C.A =1:2:4
R.C.C Work for Foundation, Grade Beam, Slab Beam, Lintel,
Sunshade, False Slab, Parapet, UGWR,OHWR, Retaining wall,
Building Column
Cement: Sylhet Sand: Stone Chips=1:1.5:3
R.C.C work for drop wall, railing, work top, basin top Etc(T<2.5”) Cement: Sylhet Sand: Pie chips=1:2:4
Brick work(10” & 8”) Cement: Sand=1:6
Brick work Single 3”, Hollow 3”+3” Cement: Sand=1:4
Brick Work (5”) Cement: Sand=1:5
Plaster on R.C.C Surface Cement: Sand=1:5
Plaster on Brick surface Cement: Sand=1:6
Tiles Mortar on Floor including Grout Cement: Sand=1:4
Tiles Mortar on Wall including Grout Cement: Sand=1:3
Floor Levelling for Tiles fitting purpose(Small Area) Cement: Sand: Pie Chips=1:2:2
4”thick (Avg.) Finished Lime Terracing Lime: Surki: Brick chips=2:2:7
MIX RATIO
33

34. Sl.Nos Item of work Area/Volume Materials Quantity
1 5" Brick work(1:5) 100 Sft
1st Class Brick 500 Nos
Cement 2.25 bags
Sand 15 cft
2 10" Brick Work (1:6) 100 Cft
1st Class Brick 1200 Nos
Cement 4bags
Sand 35cft
3 Single layer Brick Flat Soling 100 Sft
1st Class Brick 300 Nos
Cement 8 Cft
4 (i) Cement Concrete (1:3:6) 100 Cft
Cement 12 Bags
Sand 45 Cft
Stone Chips 90 cft
5 (ii) Cement Concrete(1:2:4) 100 Cft
Cement 17.5 Bags
Sand 46 Cft
Requirement of materials in Different Work
(Including wastage)
34

35. Sl Nos Item of work Area/Volume Materials Quantity
6 (iii) Cement Concrete(1:1.5:3) 100 Cft
Cement 22 Bags
Sand 44 Cft
Stone Chips 86 cft
7 1/2" Cement Plaster(1:5) 100 Sft
Cement 0.85 Bags
Sand 5.5Cft
8 3/4" Cement Plaster(1:6) 100 Sft
Cement 1.1 Bags
Sand 8.5Cft
9 1.5" thick paten stone (1:2:4) 100sft
Cement 2.15 Bags
Sand 6 Cft
Brick chips 12 Cft
10 4.5" thick (Avg.) Lime terracing 100 cft
Brick 850 nos
Lime 12 maunds
Surki 27 Cft
11 Khoa Conversion 100 cft Bricks 900 nos
Requirement of materials in Different Work
(Including wastage)
35

36. BRICK WORK (125mm/250mm/Above)
 Before laying the first layer of bricks clean the entire floor. Stack the bricks properly instead of
throwing them on slab.
 In case of clay bricks, bricks should be soaked in water before start of work.
 Check the mix proportion of mortar.
 Lay the first layer of bricks considering the diagonals and dimensions of the room.
 Check the level and right angles at the corner for the first layer. For external walls, check the
plumb from external side of the beam. For internal walls check the plumb from the beam edge
depending on which side the wall is flushing the beam.
 Provide door openings at the first level and window openings at sill level as per working
drawings.
 Check customer changes if any in brickwork.
 Brickwork should not be done more than 4ftin a day.
 All the joints should be uniform and not exceeding 10 to 12mm.
36

37. BRICK WORK (125mm/250mm/Above)
 Over burnt/under burnt clay bricks should not be used.
 All the vertical and horizontal joints should be properly filled and racked.
 If readymade door frames are to be fixed along with brick work, they should be checked for
plumb and level and should be properly fixed with holdfasts in concreting .12) R.C.C bands with
nominal steel shall be provided at5 ft height for 4” brickwork. And also for 6” brick work if it is
exceeding10ftheight.
 Gap between top layer of brickwork and beam bottom shall be filled with ¾” metal with mortar.
 The brickwork surface should be cleaned with jute bag at the end of day work
 All the layers should be laid in line and plumb. Level of the brickwork should be checked after
each 5 to 6 layers and should be adjusted in mortar if required.
 Curing should be done for 7 to 10 days.
 Thin mortar should be applied to the column where the brickwork would be touching the column.
 If adjacent walls are not to be raised simultaneously, then pin bricks should be left every alternate
layers as to have bonding/interlocking between the walls.
37

38. 38

39. 39

40. PLASTER WORK
 Chiseled areas for electrical and plumbing pipes should be patched up with rich mortar
in advance.
 Sufficient hacking should be done to all R.C.C surfaces.
 Khadi maal (3/4” metal with mortar) should be filled in joints between beam bottoms
and masonry and in joints between columns and masonry in advance.
 Chicken mesh should be fixed to all R.C.C and masonry joints and on all wide
electrical/plumbing conduits to avoid cracks.
 Heights of all electrical points should be checked as per standards,
 Customer changes in masonry work/ electrical points should be checked.
 Surface should be watered a day before plastering.
 Silt content of sand to be used should be within permissible limits.
 All door frames and window bare frames should be checked for verticality and
alignment. 10) Thiyyas/level dots should be made in advance.
 Mix proposition of the mortar should be checked as per requirement.
40

41. PLASTER WORK
 Check all the column/beam/door/window dhars (edges)for finishing , right angle
plumbing and level.
 In absence of window base frame, make sure that offset is created at the joint of
internal and external plaster to receive window.
 Plaster should be cut 9” above slab level to receive skirting.
 In case of lime plaster, smooth trowelling should be done next day.
 Roughening should be done if granite / marble is to be fixed to door window jambs
and sills.
 Roughening of plaster (Tar finish) should be done where wall tiles are to be fixed.
 Top surface of loft (if any) should be finished with IPS paten stone with marking.
 All electrical boards/points, slab surfaces should be neatly cleaned.
 Curing should be done for minimum 10 days.
41

42. TILES WORK (CERAMIC/VITRIFIED)
1. Remove all the loose/hardened mortar from the slab & clear the slab.
2. Check that the plaster is cut 9" above the slab level to have skirting. If not, cut the plaster &
remove the debris.
3. Mark a fix level (usually 2’ above slab level) on one of the main door frames/jamb on a
particular floor. Mark this level on main door frame /jamb of all flats on that floor & in all the
rooms of the individual flats.
4. Make sure that service lines like electrical conducts are laid before machan. (mortar bedding)
5. Make thiyyas (level dots) all the corners of the room & in the middle with reference to this
level marking &spread the mortar (as per mix proportion) uniformly in level. The ideal
thickness of mortar bedding (machan) should be about 1” to 2” .Make sure that the ,minimum
thickness of mortar bedding is obtained in all the flats on particular floor for particular level.
6. The mortar bedding should be compacted properly to avoid voids
7. Set out & check the right angle by placing tiles at the corner of the room. Consider the line of
skirting tiles while doing this.
42

43. 1. Make sure that the cement slurry is laid uniformly to avoid voids.
2. Extend the line of tile joints from one room to other as per drawings.
3. Do not step over the flooring for at least 24 hours after laying
4. Clean the tiling surface properly.
5. Do the curing for 7 to 10 days.
6. After curing period, fill the joints with grout & clean them properly
MARBLE/GRAN
Before Work:
 Cleaning slab off loose mortar / material, Button marking.
 Availability of material - sand, tiles.
 Proper stacking of Granite / Marble.
 Quality of Granite / Marble / sand. 43

44. During Work:
 Drg. No. / date as per which pattern given / starting point.
 Line / level fixed, checked and slopes as per requirement.
 Proportion of bedding mortar mixing in A/2 tray.
 Check for grinding and polishing process.
 Clearing of joints / workmanship / any nosing particularly for washbasin and kitchen
counter.
After Work:
 No material stacked after fixing? (Crack or any damage)
 Finished surface cleaned properly before polishing.
 Check for any hollow sound.
 Replace craked granite/marble.
 Curing for four days after laying.
MARBLE/GRAN
44

45. 1. G.I Pipe will be well branded.
2. Checking any defect of G.I pipe prior to use
3. Using primer coat (Red oxide) prior to laying pipe.
4. Groove cutting work on wall should not start before 10 days curing period and the groove will be straight line
using groove cutting machine.
5. Pipe laying will be straight in Horizontal and vertical Line and Minimum 7 nos. thread will be visible at the end of
the pipe.
6. Pressure will be done by applying 60-70 Psi pressure in to the pipe.
7. The distance between hot and normal water line will be 6” and position of hot water line will be left side.
8. Head Shower will be center of Hot and Normal water line.
9. Basin waste pipe position will be center of the angle stop cock point.
10. Ensure the leak proofing of pipe laying on the false slab.
11. Pipe line will be separate for individual floor and unit.
12. Gyezer provision will be ensured where as necessary.
13. Prohibition to drilling on G.I pipe.
SANITARY & PLUMBING WORK
45

46. During PVC/Upvc pipe work:
1. PVC/Upvc pipe will be well branded (Anower A1/Npolymer/RFL).
2. Kipping Sanitary Hole during roof slab casting.
3. Pipe fitting work will start from Gr. floor and plaster work must be
completed prior to pipe laying.
4. Solvent Cement must be used at the end of the pipe and inner side of
every fittings and keep in mind.
5. Ensuring vertical alignment is straight using M.S clamp.
6. Scaffolding must be used vertical for vertical pipe line work.
7. Drainage slope of pipe on floor will be between 100:1 to 200:1
8. 1.25” dia pipe for basin and Buth tub and 1.5” dia pipe for Sink floor
drainage.
9. Pipe joint checking.
10. Sealing every hole properly.
11. Checking the cistern working properly.
SANITARY & PLUMBING WORK
46

47. Sewer line Work:
1. Fixing the alignment as per drawing by spreading chalk powder.
2. Determining the manhole location.
3. Marking the starting and end point level.
4. Determination of manhole invert level.
5. Leveling, dressing and ramming work will complete properly.
6. Fixing pipe by casting after 10’-0” interval.
7. Minimum Slope for sewer Line:
8.Minimum size for Inspection pit & manhole cover:
SANITARY & PLUMBING WORK
Pipe Size Slope Ratio
4” dia 100:1
6” dia 175:1
8” dia 250:1
Sl Nos Depth of Pit Pit Size Manhole cover
size
1 Below 12” 20”x20” 14”
2 1’-2’ 24”x24” 18”
3 2’-3’ 30”x30” 22”
4 3’-7’ 48”x36” 22”
47

48. SL Nos Fixtures Name Standard Height
1 Bibcock for commode 15”
2 Angle stopcock for combi closet 15”
3 Angle stopcock for lowdown 28”
4 Angle stopcock for wash basin 23”
5 Basin waste 22”
6 Bath tub mixture 28”
7 Bibcock below shower 28”
8 Conceal stop cock 44”
9 Head shower 78”
10 Sink mixture 40”
11 Bibcock for downwash 19”
12 Angle stopcock for washing machine 42”
Standard height of sanitary fitting & fixture
(From unfinished Floor)
48

49. SL
No
Fixtures Name Standard Height
13 Soapcase Conceal stopcock level near shower
14 Paper Holder 24” from finished level
15 Towel rail 63” from finished level
16 Glass shelf 9” from basin top
17 Mirror for pedestal basin 12” from basin top
18 Bibcock & angle stop cock from commode Centre line 13”
19 Distance between two angle stopcock for basin 10”
20 Distance of pedestal basin Centre line from side wall 15” (unfinished)
21 Basin top height 34”
22 Sink top height 35”
23 Burner slab top height 24”
24 Centre of long pan 10” from back wall and 18” from
side wall.
Standard height of sanitary fitting & fixture
(From unfinished Floor)
49

50. FITTING & FIXTURE STANDARD HEIGHT
50

51. 51

52. 52

53.  Checking the material (M.S flat / Square bar) is defect free before
fabrication.
 Cutting of bar will be as per drawing.
 Ensuring the horizontal and Vertical spacing of bar is as per drawing.
 Conforming the welding of bar done properly especially upper side
running and lower side spot welding.
 Ensuring thickness and width of flat bar is equal.
 Using Grinding machine welding position will have to smooth.
• Using primer coat paint (red oxide) after properly rust free before the
fitting in position.
• Grill will be fitted inside of the wall.
M.S METAL WORK
53

54. 1. Checking Horizontal and Vertical opening size and diagonal
measurement prior to fitting window and door.
2. Checking outer water barrier at window before setting outer frame.
3. Checking aluminum section thickness (1.2mm)
 Sliding outer Frame:
(i) Outer Top
(ii)Outer Side
(iii)Outer low bottom
(iv)Outer High bottom
(v) Interlock
(vi) Net Section
(vii)Net Handle
(viii)Sliding Fixed Side.
(ix) Sliding Spandrel
 Sliding Shutter frame:
(i) Shutter Top
(ii)Shutter Bottom
(iii)Shutter lock
(iv)Interlock
Aluminum Glass Composite Door and Window Work
54

55. • Fixed Frame:
(i) Fixed top and side
(ii) Fixed bottom
(iii) Fixed bottom cover
(iv) 135 deg. Corner
(v) 90deg. Corner.
• Accessories used in aluminum work:
(i) Sliding wheel
(ii) Sliding wheel double.
(iii) Net pulley
(iv) Net angle
(v) Sliding lock
(vi) Saw lock
(vii) Sliding and Key lock
(viii) Sliding saw lock.
5. Checking the rubber setting properly.
6. Ensuring the using screw cap.
Aluminum Glass Composite Door and Window Work
55

56. SL
No
Items to be checked Observations of Site Engineer
Observations Action plan Signature &
Date
01. Check the wall surfaces properly rubbing & cleaning & filling defect,
Removing the color or grout. □Ok □Not
02. Checks the wall surfaces properly dry, Paint color is specified color.
□Ok □Not
03. Check the working area clean and dust free.
□Ok □Not
04. Check the Properly primer/sealer used
□Ok □Not
05. Check the using of lime putty over sealer and remove the extra dry putty
using 120 sand paper. □Ok □Not
06. Ensure the using of touch putty with 200W bulb before 2nd coat paint use.
□Ok □Not
07. Check the primer/cement paint using over outer wall surface and curing
cement paint surface properly done. □Ok □Not
08. Ensure cement paint putty on before using weather coat if required.
□Ok □Not
09. Ensure the cleaning switch, socket, tiles, unexpected area paint free and
must be line up the paint area. □Ok □Not
PAINT WORK
56

57. ROAD CONSTRUCTION
Figure 2- Typical section for a Rigid pavement.Figure 1-Typical section for a flexible pavement.
57

58. Construction of Flexible Pavement
 Earth work in box cutting on road crest up to 300mm depth proper grade, camber and
alignment maintaining super elevation at curves, removing soils to a safe distance or if
necessary, spreading the excavated earth on road flanks and slopes uniformly including
levelling, dressing, watering to bring moisture content ± 2% of OMC & compacting the sub-
grade minimum 300mm by appropriate mechanical means to attain minimum compaction
98% of MDD Standard etc. all complete as per direction of the E-I-C. Minimum soaked CBR
requirement of the sub-grade is 4%.
Sub-Grade
 Preparation of sub-grade for pavement construction by excavating sub grade up to an
average depth of 300mm/450mm with maintaining proper grade, camber and super
elevation at curves, removing soils to a safe distance or spreading it on road flanks,
slopes. In preparing 300mm sub- grade below the box, excavating top 150mm layer,
excavated earth set aside for reuse, then scarifying the bottom 150 mm layer, breaking
clods to 40mm maximum in size, leveling, dressing, watering to OMC 2% &
compacting the 1st layer by appropriate mechanical means to attain minimum compaction
98% of Standard proctor, subsequently for 2nd layer spreading the aside materials on
prepared 1st layer of sub-grade, removing of deleterious materials, breaking clods,
levelling, dressing, watering to OMC ± 2% and compacting the layer following the same
procedure as of 1st layer including maintaining proper grade, camber, alignment super
elevation at curves etc. all complete as per direction of the E-I-C. Minimum soaked CBR
requirement of the sub-grade is 4% (When in-situ sub grade material is suitable but very
58

59. 59
Sub-Grade

60. Construction of Flexible Pavement
Sub-Base Course
 Providing compacted aggregate sand sub-base course with 38mm down Crusher run 1st
class bricks/picked chips of LAA value not exceeding 40 & sand of minimum FM 0.50
mixed in proportion 1:1 by volume placed in layer(s), mixing properly, watering,
compacting with 8~10 tonne road roller to give compaction to 98% of MDD (modified)
including supplying of all materials, labour, tools and equipment etc. all complete as per
direction of the E-I-C. Minimum CBR requirement for sub-base course is 30%.
 Providing compacted aggregate sand sub-base course with 38mm down brick chips made of
1st class /picked brick (LAA value not exceeding 40) mixed thoroughly with sand of
requisite FM to obtain a homogeneous mix complying with the specified grading
requirement of the relevant item of Road Design standards – 2005, including mixing,
carrying, placing and spreading uniformly in appropriate layer to give specified compacted
thickness not more than 100mm in a single layer, watering, compacting by 8~10 tonne road
roller at OMC±3% to obtain a minimum soaked CBR 30% CBR 40% at minimum
compaction 98% of MDD (Modified), including supplying of all materials, their carriage,
labour tools and equipment etc. all complete as per direction of
the E-I-C.
60

61. Construction of Flexible Pavement
Sub-Base Course
 Providing compacted aggregate sand sub-base course with 38mm down Crusher run 1st
class bricks/picked chips of LAA value not exceeding 40 & locally available sand
(Passing <=15% through #200 sieve) mixed in proportion 1:1 by volume placed in layer(s)
to give a maximum compacted thickness of 100mm in a single appropriate layer, mixing
properly, watering, compacting with 8~10 tonne road roller to give compaction to 98% of
MDD (modified) including supplying of all materials, labour, tools and equipment etc. all
complete as per direction of the E-I-C. Minimum CBR requirement for sub-base course is
30%
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62. Construction of Flexible Pavement
Base Course (WBM)
 Providing, laying, spreading and compacting 50mm downgraded crusher run 1st class
and Picked brick chips of LAA value not exceeding 40% including supplying of
required amount of 12mm downgraded chips made of same quality bricks including
supplying and spreading uniformly in layers of specified loose thickness on road surface
maintaining grade, camber and super elevation including local handling, hand packing,
broming, watering, dry rolling followed by wet rolling in layers with 8~10 tonne road
roller to achieve soaked CBR not less than 80% at a degree of compaction to minimum
98% (Modified Proctor ) blinding with local sand as filter material @0.012m3/m2
including cost of materials, labour etc all complete as per direction of the Engineering-in-
charge. After adequate dry rolling sprinkling of water and rolling is to be continued until
all the voids are filled, wave of grout/slurry flushes ahead of the roller. Thickness of each
layer should not be more than 125mm loose and measurement for Payment will be made
on compacted thickness.
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63. Construction of Flexible Pavement
Base Course (WMM)
Providing, laying, spreading and compacting 38mm downgraded aggregates as specified in
the relevant item of LGED road design standard or wet mix macadam (WMM) specification
(LAA value not exceeding 40% ) made of 1st class and Picked bricks, combining brick chips of
different sizes to provide requisite grading and premixing the material with water at OMC in
mechanical mix plant at stack yard including carriage of mixed material by tipper with
proper covering to site, laying in uniform layers of specified loose thickness not more than
125mm with Grader in base course on well prepared surface and compacting with 8~10 tonne
road roller to achieve soaked CBR not less than 80% at a degree of compaction to minimum
98% (Modified Proctor) including supplying all materials, carriage, labour, tools & equipment
etc. all complete as per direction of the E-I-C.
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64. Construction of Flexible Pavement
Asphalt Emulsion
 Today, asphalt emulsions are more commonly used. An emulsion consists of an oil
suspended in water. In this case, the asphalt cement is the oil component. A surfactant (also
called an emulsifying agent) needs to be added in order to make the oil and water mix.
Having the asphalt suspended in water allows the placing temperature for a BST to be
significantly lower than for a hot mix asphalt.
 A surfactant offers two benefits – one, it causes asphalt to form tiny droplets that will
suspend in water by lowering the surface tension between the asphalt and the water. Two, a
surfactant determines the electrical charge of the emulsion. Aggregate will have an electrical
charge, usually negative. Since opposite charges will attract, it is important to choose an
emulsion with the opposite charge, which will enhance the binding of the asphalt to the
aggregate. Cationic (having a positive charge) emulsions are typically used. The next largest
(by volume) ingredient in an asphalt emulsion is the water. Water forms approximately one-
third of the volume of the emulsion. Asphalt particles will, with the help of the emulsifying
agent, suspend in the water. It is important to note that if the emulsion breaks (when the
asphalt and water separate from one another) the emulsion will change from brown to black.
The aggregate must be applied and rolled before the emulsion breaks. When the emulsion
breaks, the water evaporates, and the asphalt remains on the roadway.
 The asphalt cement is the primary ingredient in a BST. This asphalt is much like the asphalt
64

65. Figure 1. The emulsion spray bar in action. Note
the distinctive brown color before the emulsion
“breaks.”
Figure 2. Close-up of asphalt emulsion being
sprayed onto a prepared surface. The spray
bar allows for consistent coverage of one
lane-width at a time.
65

66. 66
Wearing COURSE

67. Construction of Flexible Pavement
25mm thick compacted pre-mixed bituminous carpeting
 To be prepared using 20mm down stone-chips 16mm downgraded stone-chips (LAA value
not exceeding 35%) to comply the gradation as specified, mixed with heated bitumen of
80/100 or 60/70 penetration grade @85kg @80kg of heated bitumen per cum of stone-
chips. The bitumen and stone-chips shall be separately heated to a temperature 140°C –
155°C and 150°C – 170°C respectively before mixing. The mixing shall be done at
temperature between 140°C – 160°C at a separate place away from the fire. The bitumen
and stone-chips mixture so prepared shall be laid uniformly in proper camber, grade and
super-elevation, only on the prepared and accepted base or surface in a single appropriate
layer to give the specified compacted thickness. The mixture should be rolled appropriately
by Steel Drum Roller (1-3 tons) (3-5 tons) & pneumatic multiple tire roller (8-10 tons) to
full compaction. The rolling temperature shall be maintained not below 90°C including
supplying of all materials, their carriage, labour, tools and equipment etc. all complete as
per direction of the E-I-C.
 Note: In order to achieve the specified grading a blending of nominal maximum size of
16mm, 12mm, 6mm crushed stone chips and stone dust is required. The blended proportion
will have to determine by the laboratory analysis.
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68. Construction of Flexible Pavement
25mm thick compacted pre-mixed bituminous dense carpeting
 16mm down graded crushed stone chips complying with the specified grading requirement
of the relevant item of Road Design standards – 2005, of LAA value <=35%, water
absorption not >2%, flakiness index not >35% mixed with 60/70 or 80/100 penetration grade
heated straight run bitumen satisfying the requirements of ASTM/AASHTO. The bitumen
and stone-chips shall be separately heated to a temperature 140oC – 155oC and 150oC –
170oC respectively before mixing. The mixing shall be done at temperature between 140oC
– 160oC at a separate place away from the fire. The bitumen and stone-chips mixture so
prepared shall be laid uniformly on the road surface in single appropriate layer to give
specified compacted thickness in proper camber, grade and super-elevation. The mixture
should be rolled at a temperature not below 90oC with Steel Drum Roller (1-3 tons) (3-5
tons) & pneumatic multiple tire roller (8-10 tons) to full compaction, including supplying of
all materials, their carriage, labourers tools and equipment etc. all complete as per the
direction of the E-I-C. The bitumen in the mix shall be minimum 5.2% by weight of total
mix or as determined by job mix design.
 Note:In order to achieve the specified grading a blending of nominal maximum size of
16mm, 12mm, 6mm crushed stone chips and stone dust is required. The blended proportion
will have to determine by the laboratory analysis.
68