Environmental segments – Lithosphere: soil formation – components of soils. Hydrosphere: Hydrological cycle , water and river water composition. Fresh water –surface water and ground water.- Biosphere- Atmosphere.- regions of Atmosphere- temperature and composition in different regions – Troposphere, stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere.

1. ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
Namshad.KP
Asst Professor
NAM COLLEGE KALLIKKANDY

2. Syllabus
• Environmental segments – Lithosphere: soil formation – components
of soils. Hydrosphere: Hydrological cycle , water and river water
composition. Fresh water –surface water and ground water.-
Biosphere- Atmosphere.- regions of Atmosphere- temperature and
composition in different regions – Troposphere, stratosphere,
Mesosphere, Thermosphere.

3. Environment
Environment is the totality of all social,
biological and physical factors individually as
well as collectively that compose the nature and
manmade surroundings. Man is a part of
environmental system.

4. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY
• The branch of
chemistry that deals
with the abnormalities
in the environment and
their adverse effects on
human beings is called
EnvironmentalChemistry
Component of The
Environment
 Atmosphere
 Hydrosphere
 Lithosphere
 Biosphere

5. Environment is the totality of all social,
biological and physical factors individually as
well as collectively that compose the nature
and manmade surroundings. The environment
consists of four components
.

6. Lithosphere
oIt consists of rigid rock crust of earth extending 100Km deep.
oThe lithosphere is the rocky outer part of the Earth.
o It is made up of the brittle crust and the top part of the upper mantle.

7. Soil Formation
Soil is the thin layer of material covering the earth's surface and is formed
from the weathering of rocks. It is made up mainly of mineral particles,
organic materials, air, water and living organisms—all of which interact
slowly yet constantly.

8. • Soils develop faster in warm, moist climates
and slowest in cold or arid ones.
• Soil formation is the process by which the soil
is created. The formation of soil happens over
a long period of time.
• The process by which soil is formed as a
result of interactions over time between parent
material (rock), climate, topography, and
organisms. Also known as pedogenesis.

10. Components of Soils

11. Hydrosphere:
• About 97% available
water in oceans.
• 2% is available in
glaciers in green land
etc.
• 1% is available as
fresh (used for
human beings)
• Hydrosphere includes various
water resources such as rivers,
seas, lakes, oceans, glaciers,
ground water, streams etc.
• Water is essential not only for
the sustenance of human life
and activities but for the quality
of life as well.
• About 60 percent of our body is
water.
• We can survive for weeks
without food but only a few days
without water.

13. Hydrological cycle

14. Sea water and river water composition

15. Sea water and river water composition

16. Surface water and ground water
Surface water
• It is all water above the
land, including lakes, rivers,
streams, ponds, floodwater.
• It is usually not very high in
mineral content.
• It is called as soft water due
to its less mineral content
Ground water
• Ground water is
the water beneath
the surface of the earth.
• It is commonly contains less
contamination than surface
water because the rock
tends to act as a filter to
remove some
contaminants.
• It is typically considered to
be hard water.

17. Biosphere
The biosphere is all living components of
the earth.
It refers the domain of living organism in
covalent with atmosphere, hydrosphere as
well as lithosphere.
It also includes all organic matter that has
not yet decomposed

18. Atmosphere
 The layer of gases
surrounding the earth is
called Atmosphere.
 Atmosphere behaves as a
protecting shield for all life on
Earth.
 The atmospheric gases which
are used in respiration and
photosynthesis are
called ‘air’.
 The atmosphere is having 78%
nitrogen (N2), 21% oxygen
(O2) and about 1% other
gases.
• The gases in the atmosphere
absorbtheharmfulradiationlike
cosmic rays,UVraysetc.
• Maintain heat balance of the
earth.
• Gases are essential for life on
earth.
O2 - Breathing
N2- Nitrogenfixingbacteria
CO2- Photosynthesis

19. There are five layers of the earth’s atmosphere based
on the variation in vertical temperature in each layer: