1. MEDICINE IN
ANTIQUITY

2. MEDICINE IN ANTIQUITY
• Medicine was dominated by magical and
religious beliefs
• In ancient times, health and illness were
interpreted in a cosmological and
anthropological perspective
• Medicine was conceived out of sympathy,
born out of necessity, the first man was the
first doctor and the first woman, the first
nurse

3. • cave paintings predict that caves were
used for ritual gatherings and SHAMANS
headed the rituals
• Used stone and flint instruments to do
circumcision ,amputations and trephining

4. • Medicine was practiced to please god
through
sacrifices
rituals
prayers
driving out evil spirits
witch crafts
• Trying to heal snake bites through mantras
and leprosy is a punishment for ones past
sins

5. Witch craft in Zimbabwe

6. • This was followed by
• Ayurveda
• Siddha
• Unani
• Chinese medicine- yin and yang
• Egyptian medicine-Imhotep
• Mesopotamian,Greek,Roman

7. INDIAN MEDICINE
• Ayurveda-knowledge of life
• Dhanvanthari-Hindu deity of
medicine,conceived out of a tug of war
between gods and demons
• Atreya-First indian physician and teacher
• Ayurveda developed in buddist times.King
Ashoka helped a lot by building schools of
medicine and hospitals
• Reserpine was extracted from indian snake
root and used in treatment of hypertension
for a long time

8. • Susrutha-Father of indian surgery
• Tridosha theory of disease
Vata[wind]
Pitta[gall]
Kapha[mucus]
• Disease was a disturbance of these 3
• Unani- Muslim rule, traced from Greek
medicine
• Homoeopathy-Treatment of diseases by
use of small amount of drugs that in
healthy person produces symptoms similar
to those of the disease being treated

9. CHINESE MEDICINE
• Yang and Yin
• Yang-Active masculine
• Yin-Negative feminine
• Balance of these two leads to good health
• Bare Foot doctors

10. • Egyptian-Imhotep
• Pulse-speech of the heart
• Believed-Disease was due to absorbtion
from the intestine of harmful
substances,that gave rise to putrefaction
of blood.
• Treatment-Cathartics,enema,blood letting

11. GREEK MEDICINE
• Rejected supernatural theory and looked
on disease as a natural process
• Aesculapius was a god of medicine.
• The rod of Asclepius, a snake-entwined
staff, remains a symbol of medicine today

12. DAWN OF SCIENTIFIC
MEDICINE
• REVIVAL OF MEDICINE
• SANITARY AWAKENING
• RISE OF PUBLIC HEALTH
• GERM THEORY
• BIRTH OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE

13. REVIVAL OF MEDICINE
• Paracelsus attacked the idea of
superstition
• Fracastorious –founder of epidemiology
• Spoke about spread of disease through
minute invisible particles
• Recognised syphylis spread through sexual
contact
• Vasalius[anatomy]-first man of mordern
science

14. • Ambrose paire-Father of surgery
• Establishment of United company of
barber surgeons,later called as Royal
college of Surgeons
• Sydenham-first distinguished
epidemiologist[ diff diagnosis of scarlet
fever,dysentry,malaria and cholera]

15. SANITARY AWAKENING
• Industrial revolution-18th century
• Led to creation of slum, over crowding,
accumulation of filth, higher sickness and
death rates
• Great cholera epidemic-1832
• Edwin Chadwick-investigated ,reported
• Led to improved housing and working
conditions
• GREAT SANITARY AWAKENING-Mid 19th
century

16. RISE OF PUBLIC HEALTH
• CHOLERA-Father of public health
• John Snow-Role of polluted drinking water
• William Budd-Typhoid spread by water not
sewer gas
• Beginning of 20th century,broad foundations
of public health
• Clean water,surroundings
• Improved housing
• Control of offensive trade were
laid

17. GERM THEORY
• Louis Pasteur-Disproved theory of
spontaneous generation
• Proved presence of bacteria in air
• Robert Koch-Anthrax caused by bacteria
• Confirmed Germ Theory
• Medicine finally turned towards scientic
knowledge and stopped blaming religious
beliefs and spontaneous occurences

18. BIRTH OF PREVENTIVE
MEDICINE
• 17th century-role of fruits –scurvy
• John hunter-small pox vaccination
• Discovery of causative organisms ,germ
theory –foundation of preventive
medicine
• Knowledge of bacteriology-control of
diseases[quarantine,water
purification,proper waste disposal,insect
control]