Analisa Data pada Penelitian Kualitatif: Pendekatan Analisa Tematik

1. Introduction ofThematic
Analysis
Najmah, SKM, MPH, PhD
Fb: Najmah Usman/ Ig Najmahusman.7/
E: najmah@fkm.unsri.ac.id

3. MyQuote
Ketika epidemiologist dan statistician perlu
belajar mengolah KATA, selain ANGKA
Kesehatan masyarakat itu kompleks
kedua ilmu olah KATA dan ANGKA akan
saling melengkapi untuk memahami
fenomena yang ada
(Najmah)

4. Research
Onion
(Sauders)
Analysis of Saunders Research Onion: https://thesismind.com/analysis-of-saunders-research-onion/

5. "Rubbish in-
RubbishOut"
"Garbage in-
GarbageOut"

6. TODAY’s
TOPICS
What is thematic Analysis
Steps inThematic Analysis
Example and Exercises

7. Thematic
Analysis
A method for identifying, analysing and
reporting patterns (themes) within data.
It minimally organises and describes your data
in (rich) detail
However, frequently it goes further than this,
and interprets various aspects of the research
topics
 (Braun & Clarke, 2006: 79)
Clarke, V., Braun, V., & Hayfield, N. (2015). Thematic analysis. Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods, 222-248.

8. Coding
reliability
Thematic
Analysis
Deductive (theory-driven) approach more common
 Familiarisation
 Theme development
 Coding (development of coding frame)
 Test Reliability of coding frame
Braun Calrke & Hayfield, 2019,Thematic Analysis Part 1:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lor1A0kRIKU

9. Reflective
Thematic
Analysis
Inductive (data-driven) approach more common
 Familiarisation
 Coding (organic and subjective; one coder)
 Theme development (review initial themes agains
coded data and entire data-set; subjectice and
interpretive)
Braun Calrke & Hayfield, 2019,Thematic Analysis Part 1:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lor1A0kRIKU

10. Themes
 Themes as ’domain summaries
 Fully-realised (shared meaning)
 shared meading underpinned by a central concept
  multi-faceted; tell a story about the data
 Themes-Analytic input? Output?
  developed early on and guide coding
  developed later and represent the outcome of coding
 Themes-buried treasure or built by the researcher?
  themes are understood as actively created by teh researcher
  theme generation occurs at the intersection of the data and teh
researcher’s interpretative framework, prior training, skill, assumption, etc
Braun Calrke & Hayfield, 2019,Thematic Analysis Part 1:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lor1A0kRIKU

11. Steps in
Thematic
Analysis
 Familiarisation with the data entailed reading the
transcripts multiple times to immerse myself in the
data
 Coding and recoding were performed manually to find
patterns, and to filter and analyse the data based on
my own lens, and discover meaningful phrases and
ideas
 Categorising was performed as a process of dividing,
grouping, reorganising, and linking codes to make
meaning and enhance understandings of the data
 GeneratingThemes

12. First step
Familiarisation
with the data
entailed reading
the transcripts
multiple times to
immerse myself in
the data

13. SecondStep
Coding and recoding
were performed
manually to find
patterns, and to filter
and analyse the data
based on my own
lens, and discover
meaningful phrases
and ideas

14. Third step:
categorising was
performed as a
process of dividing,
grouping,
reorganising, and
linking codes to
make meaning and
enhance
understandings of
the data
FGDs Group A
dan B
Interviews A, B, C, & D
FGDs with
Group C, D, E
FGD/Interview E, F, G, H, & I
Figure 1: Data generation cycle of the field research
HIV-POSITIVE
WOMEN
HEALTH AND
NGO WORKERS
POLICY
MAKERS

15. The coding
manual for
qualitative
researchers
The data analysis procedures are a
means to provide meaningful
information to answer research
questions,
But also, that researchers should use
their mind and heart or reflection to
generate rich and meaningful
evidence
 (Saldana, 2016)
Saldana, J. (2016). The coding manual for qualitative researchers (J. Seaman Ed.). Los Angeles, CA: SAGE.

16. Example of Coding andThemes

17. NGO
Workers’s
FGD

18. Health
worker’s
voices

19. Health
workers’
voices

20. HIV-positive
women’s
voices

21. EXAMPLEOF
THEMES
Barriers to accessing PMTCT service
Getting tested or not
Breaches of confidentiality
The culture of kepo
Health workers’ intention to protect their peers
Lack of professionalism
HIV screening is only being implemented for one year
Lack of coordination and distrust between host organisations
Inadequate and limited HIV training for midwives
Relying on the subjective judgement of health workers
HIV positive: Experiences after the diagnosis
How the health system failed Ani
Health workers’ fears of working with HIV positive women
“It is normal” to be fearful of HIV infection
Avoidance along a continuum
The referral system: Endless red tape

22. EXAMPLEOF
THEMES
Barriers to accessing PMTCT service
Gendered morality: Discrimination and women’s access to PMTCT
services
Stories of Anti and Lela: Needing a husband permission to HIV testing
HIV testing and the difficulty of implementation
Unequal rights affecting women’s decisions around their own reproductive and
sexual health
Silenced voices of health professionals powerless to exercise their professional
role
Adel’s story: A woman is responsible for spreading HIV
Lilis’ story: A woman’s space with a trained midwife in antenatal care
services in puskesmas

23. Bunga’s voices
and lived
experience
List kode-kode yang muncul dalam
transkript wawancara Bunga
Kelompokkan kode-kode ini sesuai
tema besar
Buatlah mind mapping

24. EXERCISE

25. Mindmup.com

26.  HAPPY PRACTICE
 HAVE FUN IN QUALITATIVEAPPROACH
 HAPPY RAMADHAN