This document summarizes a workshop on using video as an instructional tool for teachers. The workshop covered the basic parts of a video camera like the lens, viewfinder, and recording formats. It discussed different shot sizes like wide shots and close-ups. Camera angles like low, high, and bird's eye views were also explained. Editing techniques such as transitions between shots and using background music/narration were presented. The value of video for teaching both concepts and skills like demonstrations was highlighted. Participants had a chance to practice shooting video and discuss how it could be used effectively in their instruction.

2. Video Viewing and discussion - What do you make of this program if you were to use it to teach a group of young students (JHS or SHS) - What could you have done to carry the same information more effectively and why - what do you think would have been the situation if this information had been in a form of a written document?

3. the answers to the above,is the purpose of our study

4. Workshop on Instructional Technology for TeachersUsing video as an Instructional ToolA PRESENTATIONBYNANA ADJOA AWINDORAATI - Patriensa – July 2010 “What we have done for ourselves alone dies with us; what we have done for others and the world remains and is immortal”. --Albert Pike

5. At the end of this workshop Participants are expected to:1. Identify the basic parts of the Video Camera2. Understand the functions of the basic parts3. Identify some recording material (formats) with knowledge of the differences and the use4. Understand Basic shot sizes and their use5. Understand Basic camera movements and their use6. Be able to take basic shots and understand how the product can be used as instructional material

6. Process:1. Experiential Teaching method 2. Lecture/Presentation with interactivity … (all-inclusive with questions at major points)3. Reference material search on internet etc…4. Physical observation with Pro Camera on Tripod For clarity 5. Practical exposure of real time shoot and review of video material 6. Application of material in Teaching methods7. Feedback and Evaluation

7. Basic information for our purpose It's unavoidable — you've got to know some jargon 1. Rule one - Get to know your toolsa) Video Camera Like the individual photos which make up an album, the shots get put together to make a video. The Camera records Picture and SoundIt records moving pictures thru the Lens & Sound with the Microphone

8. Basic information for our purpose b) Lens c) The Viewfinderd) Recording material (Tapes/CD/DVD)e) Shot Sizes

9. A) Video Camera

10. b) LensWhat is a lens & what's its useAll but the simplest cameras contain lenses which are actually comprised of several "lens elements." Each of these elements aims to direct the path of light rays such that they recreate the image as accurately as possible on the digital sensor.

11. b) Lens

12. Basic Lens types Long Normal Close-up Telephoto (Landscape/Infinity) not very stable wt handheld or mini cameras (burring caused by shaky hands. ZOOM LENS – A combination of all

13. Viewfinder The viewfinder is the single most important user interface on any camera. Throughout the history of cameras, the method of aiming the camera accurately and communicating its view to the operator is what has determined and defined most different basic camera types.

14. c) The Viewfinder Optical viewfinders LCD screen

15. Viewfinder This is your view of the world through the camera, the little rectangle with black edges that shows you what part of the world the lens is looking at and whether it's in focus or not.

16. d) Recording material Video Tapes VHS Tape Hi 8 Tape Mini DV Tape XDCAM Disc

18. d) Recording material CD/DVD CD-R, RW, R Audio, RW Audio etc.. 700mb-80min DVD-R, RW R Audio, RW Audio 4.7Gb visible diff b/n e 2 products

19. d) Recording material Blue Ray Blu-ray Disc is an optical disc storage media format and is used like its predecessors (CDR and DVD) for storing data and video. The name Blu-ray is derived from the blue laser used in the machine. Because of its shorter wavelength, more data can be stored on a Blu-ray Disc (up to 50Gb)!! than on a DVD (4.7Gb ).

20. Shots Shot: All video is made up of shots. A shot is basically from when you press record to when you stop recording. The exact terminology varies between production environments but the basic principles are the same. Shots are usually described in relation to a particular subject. In most of the examples below, the subject is the boy.

21. Shot Sizes EWS (Extreme Wide Shot) The view is so far from the subject that he isn't even visible. Often used as an establishing shot. VWS (Very Wide Shot)The subject is visible (barely), but the emphasis is still on placing him in his environment.

22. Shot Sizes WS (Wide Shot)The subject takes up the full frame, or at least as much as comfortably possible. AKA long shot.. MS (Mid Shot)Shows some part of the subject in more detail while still giving an impression of the whole subject.

23. Shot Sizes MCU (Medium Close Up)Half way between a MS and a CU. CU (Close Up)A certain feature or part of the subject takes up the whole frame.

24. Shot Sizes ECU (Extreme Close Up)The ECU gets right in and shows extreme detail. Cut-InShows some (other) part of the subject in detail.

25. Shot Sizes Two-ShotA shot of two people, framed similarly to a mid shot. CA (Cutaway)A shot of something other than the subject.

26. Shot Sizes Two-ShotA shot of two people, framed similarly to a mid shot. Point-of-View Shot (POV)Shows a view from the subject's perspective.

27. Camera Angles The term camera angle means slightly different things to different people but it always refers to the way a shot is composed. Some people use it to include all camera shot types, others use it to specifically mean the angle between the camera and the subject. The literal interpretation of camera angles, is -the angle of the camera relative to the subject

28. Camera Angles -1 Eye-Level This is the most common view, being the real-world angle that we are all used to. It shows subjects as we would expect to see them in real life. It is a fairly neutral shot.

29. Low Angle This shows the subject from below, giving them the impression of being more powerful or dominant. High Angle A high angle shows the subject from above, i.e. the camera is angled down towards the subject. This has the effect of diminishing the subject, making them appear less powerful, less significant or even submissive. Camera Angles - 2

30. Camera Angles - 3 Bird's Eye The scene is shown from directly above. This is a completely different and somewhat unnatural point of view which can be used for dramatic effect or for showing a different spatial perspective. In drama it can be used to show the positions and motions of different characters and objects, enabling the viewer to see things the characters can't. The bird's-eye view is also very useful in sports, documentaries, etc.

31. Camera Angles - 4 Slanted Also known as a dutch tilt, this is where the camera is purposely tilted to one side so the horizon is on an angle. This creates an interesting and dramatic effect. Famous examples include Carol Reed's The Third Man, Orson Welles' Citizen Kane and the Batman series. Dutch tilts are also popular in MTV-style video production, where unusual angles and lots of camera movement play a big part.

32. Shot Sizes Shot: All video is made up of shots. A shot is basically from when you press record to when you stop recording. Like the individual photos which make up an album, the shots get put together to make a video.

33. Shot Sizes Shot: All video is made up of shots. A shot is basically from when you press record to when you stop recording. Like the individual photos which make up an album, the shots get put together to make a video.

35. PRODUCT… RUSHES – Raw material - Footage This can be used on as-is basis or with ad-ons such as Graphics or tittles, Animations, … and Effects etc… That can only be possible with editing

36. EDITINGEditing is the arrangement of shots in a coherent manner – that makes sense in its context

37. Background Music – Music for the program leveled in such a way that it does not disturb the main picture … Voice over … can be added to material after the production … In Ashanti region, I have noticed that ppl. do spontaneous vo. recording for events. EDITING may include

38. EDITING may include Transitions The way in which any two shots are joined together is called the transition. Usually this is a simple cut, in which one shot changes instantly to the next. More complex transitions include mixing, wipes and digital effects. A moving shot (e.g. pan) can also be thought of as a transition from one shot to a new one.

39. Transitions Transition is very important in camera work, and you need to think constantly about how every shot will fit in with the ones before and after it. The key is not so much how the transition is achieved technically, but how the composition of each shot fits together. EDITING may include

40. Using video as an Instructional Tool Video has both moving pictures and sound and makes more impact on the brain, thus makes it the best teaching tool … for both young and old to remember in detail what has been taught Video has … ref to the AfDB Docu

41. Using video as an Instructional Tool Video has both moving pictures and sound and makes more impact on the brain, thus makes it the best teaching tool … for both young and old to remember in detail what has been taught Video has … ref to the AfDB Docu

42. Using video as an Instructional Tool Demonstrations Illustration – Better still with Animation which goes further to give dimensions and details beyond normal video capabilities E-lab

43. Using video as an Instructional Tool Demonstrations Illustration – Better still with Animation which goes further to give dimensions and details beyond normal video capabilities

44. Here are few more important terms Pan Side-to-side camera movement. Tilt Up-and-down camera movement. Zoom In-and-out camera movement (i.e. closer and more distant).

45. Here are few more important terms Iris (Exposure) The opening which lets light into the camera. A wider iris means more light and a brighter picture. White balance Adjusting the colours until they look natural and consistent. Shutter Analogous to the shutter in a still camera.

46. Practicals Each Participant should have the opportunity to handle the video camera, to take some shots (whilst some of the above theory comes to play a role, depending on) Come back to class to discuss the shots and accertain how useful it will be as a teaching material and also to confirm that participants have really understood the Workshop objectives set ….

47. Evaluation Each Participant would be requested to share lessons learnt and indicate future training needs Evaluation may otherwise be done with questionnaire