Kerala Panchayath Department Citizen Charter uploaded by James Joseph Adhikarathil Kottayam 9447464502

1. tIcf k¿°m¿
]©m-bØv hIp∏v
]ucm-h-Im-i- tcJ

4. POURAVAKASHA REKHA
(Malayalam)
First Edition : September 2011
Copies : 5000
Edited & Published by
K.R. Muraleedharan IAS
Director of Panchayats
Government of Kerala
Thiruvananthapuram - 695 033
Printed at
Gramalakshmi Mudralayam
Kanjikode West P.O.
Palakkad
©All rights reserved
For free circulation only

5. ""n߃ I≠n-´p-≈-Xn¬ h®v G‰hpw Zcn-{Z-m-b,
G‰hpw n -lm-b-mb ap-jys‚ apJw
k¶-ev]n®v tm°p-I. F∂n´v n߃
sNøm-p-t±-in-°p∂ Imcyw Abmƒ°v
GsX-¶nepw coXn-bn¬ {]tbm-P--s∏-Sptam
F∂v kzbw tNmZn®p tm°p-I.''

6. D≈S°w
t]Pv
Ah-Xm-cnI 5
BapJw 7
tIcfØnse ]©mbØpIƒ 9
]©mbØv UbdIvStd‰v 13
Pn√m Hm^okpIƒ 32
{Kma ]©mbØpIƒ 39
{Kmak` 51
alm-flm-Km-‘n tZiob {KmaoW sXmgn-ep-d∏p ]≤-Xn 54
kzcmPv t{Sm^n 56
]©m-bØv hIp-∏ns‚ {]kn-≤o-I-c-W-߃ 57
hnhcmhImi nbaw 58
]©m-bØv `-c-W-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ a‰p ÿm]߃ 60
Xt±ikzbw`cW hIp∏v sh_vssk‰v 66
]©m-bØv h-Ip-∏nse kn.-bp.Pn samss_¬ t^m¨ º-dp-Iƒ 67
{Kma-]-©m-b-Øp-I-fpsS t]cpw t^m¨ ºdpw 68
Ap_‘w
i. Xt±ikzbw`cW ÿm]ßfpsS FÆhpw hm¿UpIfpw 94
ii. Xt±ikzbw`cWÿm]ßfnse kwhcWhm¿UpIƒ 95
iii. Xt±ikzbw`cW ÿm]ßfnse {]knU‚ v/ sNb¿am≥ /
tab¿ ÿmw kwhcWw 95
iv. ]©mbØv cmPv : {][m nbaßfpw N´ßfpw 96

7. Ah-Xm-cnI
Pw apX¬ Pohn-Xm¥yw hsc-bp≈ hnhn[ ap-jym-h-ÿ-Iƒ
]©m-b-Øp-ambn _‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. ]©m-b-Øns‚ GsX-¶nepw tcJ-bn¬
Hcn-°-se-¶nepw Dƒs∏-´n-´n-√mØ Hcp ]ucpw D≠m-hn-√. 1960-˛se tIc-f ]©m-
bØv BIvSv 1962-˛¬ ne-hn¬ h∂-tXm-sS-bmWv kwÿm-Øv ]©m-bØv
kw-hn-[m--Ønv GIoIrX cq]w ssIh-∂-Xv. 1993 G{]n-en¬ `c-W-L-S
t`Z-KXn sNøp-I-bp-≠m-bn. AX-p-k-cn®v ]©m-b-Øo-cmPv ÿm]-߃°v
`c-W-L-Sm ]Zhn e`n-®p. XpS¿∂v 1994-˛¬ tIcf ]©m-b-Øv cmPv BIvSv
nehn¬ h∂-tXmsS ]©m-b-Øns‚ Npa-X-e-Iƒ hy‡-ambn n¿Δ-Nn-°-s∏´p.
{XnXe kwhn-[mw S-∏n-em-bn. BXy-¥nI e£yw alm-flm-Km-‘n-bpsS
kz]v-am-bn-cp∂ {Kma-kz-cmPv k^e-am-°pI F∂-Xp-X-s∂-bm-Wv.
]©m-b-Ønv Gs‰Sp-°m≥ Ign-bm-ØXpw S-∏m-°m≥ Ign-bm-Ø-Xp-amb
Hcp ]≤-Xn-bp-an√ F∂-XmWv hmkvX-hw. kmaq-ln-I-am-I-s´, kmt¶-Xn-I-amIs´,
kmwkvIm-cn-I-am-Is´ GXpw ]©m-b-Øns‚ IpS-°o-gn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Ømw.
tkh--cw-KØpw ]©m-b-Øns‚ {]h¿Ø hym]vXn hfsc hep-Xm-Wv.
]©m-bØv kwhn-[m--Øn¬ Hcp ]ucv Ah-Im-i-s∏-´Xv Fs¥ms°
F∂Xv Ah--dn-bm≥ Ah-Im-i-ap-≠m-°pI {]mY-anI I¿Ø-hy-am-Wv.
kpXmcyX Dd-∏m-°p∂ Hcp {]{In-b-bm-Wn-Xv. tkh--Zm-Xm-sh∂ ne-bn¬
]©m-b-Øp-Iƒ°v IqSp-X¬ P-Io-bX ssIh-cn-°m≥ e`n-°p∂ Ah-kcw
IqSn-bm-Wn-Xv.
Gsd hne-s∏´ Cu ]ucm-h-Im-i-tcJ Xøm-dm-°m≥ ap≥ssI-sb-SpØ
]©m-bØv Ub-d-IvS¿ {io. sI.-B¿. apc-fo-[-c-sbpw AXv bmYm¿∞y--am-°p-
∂-Xnv ]n¥pW ¬Inb At±-l-Øns‚ kl-{]-h¿Ø-I-scbpw Rm≥
A`n--μn-°p-∂p.
]©m-bØv hIp-∏ns‚ Npa-Xe F∂n¬ n£n-]vX-am-bn-cn-°p∂ Cu
L´Øn¬ ]ucmh-Im-i-tcJ {]kn≤o-I-cn°p∂p F∂-Xn¬ Gsd A`namhpw
Nmcn-Xm¿∞y-hp-ap-≠v.
Xncp-h--¥-]pcw tUm. Fw.-sI. apo¿
26-˛8-˛2011 ]©mbØv kmaq-ly-t£a hIp-∏p-a{¥n

8. BapJw
]©m-b-Øp-Iƒ°v `c-W-L-Sm ]Zhn ¬Inb 73-˛mw t`Z-K-Xn-bpsS A¥-k-Øbv°
p-kr-X-ambn hm°nepw A¿∞-Ønepw A[n-Im-c-hn-tI-{μo-I-cWw S-∏n-em-°nb kwÿm-
amWv tIcfw. `c-W-L-Sm t`Z-K-Xn-bpsS Nph-Sp-]n-Sn®v tIcfw cq]w ¬Inb ]©m-b-Øv
cmPv BIvSpw N´-ßfpw hntI-{μo-Ir-X-`-c-WsØ kpÿn-c-am-°p-∂Xpw ]uc-∑m-cpsS Ah-
Im-i-߃°v nb-a-]-cn-c£ ¬Ip-∂-Xp-amWv. P-]-¶m-fnØ Bkq-{X-W-Ønepw hnI-k-
Ønepw temI-Øn-p-Xs∂ amXr-I-bmb tIc-f-Ønse {Kma-]-©m-b-Øp-Iƒ hn]p-e-amb
A[n-Im-c-ß-fmepw hn`-h-ß-fmepw im‡o-I-cn-°-s∏-´ncn-°p-∂p. P-ß-fpsS t£ssa-iz-cy-
ß-fnepw kmaq-lnI kpc-£n-X-Xz-Ønepw Poh-k-‘m-c-W-Øn-p≈ am¿§-߃ hnI-kn-∏n-
°p-∂-Xnepw tkh--Zm-Xm-hmbpw Nme-I-i-‡n-bm-bpw h¿Øn-°m≥ kwÿm-sØ {Kma
-]-©m-b-Øp-Iƒ°v Ign™n-´p≠v.
B[p-nI Pm-[n-]Xy kaq-l-Øn¬ DXvIr-jvShpw KpW-ta-∑-bp-≈Xpw {]Xn-⁄m-
_≤hpw kpXm-cy-hp-amb Hcp `c-W-{I-a-amWv P-߃ Imw£n-°p-∂Xv. AØcw Hcp `cW-
{Iaw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-∂-Xn-p≈ D]m-[n-I-fn¬ {][m--s∏´ H∂mWv ]ucmh-Im-i -tcJ. Hmtcm
`c-W-ÿm-]--ß-fnepw n¿Æ-bn-°-s∏´ coXn-bn¬ ]uc-∑m¿°v e`y-am-Ip∂ hnhn-[-bnw
tkh--ßfpw Ah-bpsS hyh-ÿ-I-fpw Ah e`y-am-°p∂ ka-b-]-cn-[nbpw kw_-‘n®
hnh-c-߃ Dƒs∏-SpØn {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p∂ tcJ-bmWv ]ucm-h-Imi tcJ. `c-W-cw-KØv
Imcy-£-aX Dd-∏p-h-cpØn nb-am-p-k-c-Whpw ka-b-_-‘n-X-hp-ambn tkh--߃ {]Zmw
sNbvXv kmaqlyoXnbpw `c-W-kp-Xm-cy-Xbpw ssIh-cn-°p-I-bmWv CXn-eqsS e£y-
an-Sp-∂-Xv.
tIc-f-Ønse {Kma-]-©m-b-Øp-Iƒ hf-sc-°mew apºp-Xs∂ ]ucm-h-Imi tcJ {]kn-
≤o-I-cn-®n-´p≠v. ]©m-bØv hIp-∏ns‚ Hcp ka-{K-amb ]ucm-h-Im-i -tcJ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-
∂Xv BZy-am-bn-´mWv. ]©m-bØv Ub-d-IvS-td-‰nepw Pn√m Hm^o-kmb sU]yq´n Ub-d-IvS-
dm-^o-knepw {Kma-]-©m-b-Øp-I-fnepw s]mXp-P--߃°v e`n-°p∂ tkh--ß-fmWv {][m-
ambpw Cu tcJ-bn¬ Dƒs∏Sp-Øn-bncn-°p-∂Xv. Hmtcm ÿm]--ßfpw ¬Ip∂ tkh--
ß-fpsS ka-b-{Iaw hyXy-kvX-am-b-Xn-m¬ A°mcyw Cu tcJ-bn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´n√.
`c-W-kp-Xm-cy-Xbpw Imcy-£-a-Xbpw Dd-∏m-°n-s°m≠v am{Xta `c-W-kw-hn-[m--߃°v
Pm-`n-emjw km£m-Xv°-cn-°mmIq. ]©m-b-Øp-h-Ip-∏nepw {Kma-]-©m-b-Øp-I-fnepw
S-∏n-em°n hcp∂ C˛Kth-W≥kv, {^≠m-^okv XpS-ßn-b kwhn-[m߃ Cu tcJbn¬
hy‡-am-°n-bn-´p≈ tkh--e-`yX Imcy-£-a-am-°p-sa∂v {]Xo-£n-®p-sIm≠v ]ucm-h-Im-i-
tcJ s]mXp-P--k-a£w ka¿∏n-°p∂p.
sI. B¿. apcfo[c≥ IAS
]©mbØv UbdIvS¿

9. 9
]©m-bØv hIp∏v
tIcfØnse ]©mbØpIƒ
C¥ybn¬ A[nImchntI{μoIcWØns‚ ASnÿmØn¬ P]¶mfnØ Pm[n
]XyØns‚ AymZriamb ho hyhÿ km£mXvIcn® kwÿmamWv tIcfw.
hntI{μoIcW `cW{Iaw A¿∞]q¿Æambn ChnsS S∏nem°s∏´p. {]mtZinI k¿°m
cpIfpsS im‡oIcWØneqsS km[mcW PßfpsS im‡oIcWØnv klmbn°p∂
hyhÿ F∂mWv hntI{μoIcW `cW{Iaw n¿hNn°s∏´ncn°p∂Xv. Cu alØmb
{]{Inbbn¬ ]©mbØv hIp∏v Hcp n¿ÆmbI ]¶v hln®pt]mcp∂p. tIcf kwÿmw
cq]oIrXambXp apXep≈ kwÿmsØ ]©mbØv cmPv k{ºZmbØns‚ A©p
]Xn‰m≠ntesd°mesØ Ncn{Xw s]mXpth Zo]vXhpw kamXIfn√mØ hn[w amXrIm
]chpamWv.
sFIytIcfw cq]oIrXamb 1956 hw_¿ H∂np ap≥]v hyXykvX Xt±ikzbw`cW
hyhÿIfmWv Xncp˛sIm®n, ae_m¿ {]tZißfn¬ nehnep≠mbncp∂Xv. Xncphn
XmwIq¿˛sIm®n {]tZißfn¬ XncphnXmwIq¿˛sIm®n≥ ]©mbØv BŒpw ae_mdn¬
a{Zmkv hnt√Pv ]©mbØv BIvSpambncp∂p {]m_eyØnep≠mbncp∂Xv. kzX{¥`mcX
Øns‚ `cWLSbpsS n¿t±iI XXzßfn¬ 40˛mw Apt—Zw Apkcn®v kwÿm
k¿°mcpIƒ°mbncp∂p ]©mbØpIƒ kwLSn∏n°phm≥ A[nImcap≠mbncp∂Xv.
H∂mw ]©h’c ]≤XnImeØv tI{μk¿°m¿ S∏m°nb kmaqlnI hnIk
]cn]mSnIsf°pdn®v ]Tn°m≥ 1957˛¬ nbp‡amb {io. _¬h¥v dmbv taØ IΩn‰nbpsS
dnt∏m¿´nsebpw H∂mw kwÿm `cW ]cnjvImc IΩn‰n dnt∏m¿´ntebpw ip]m¿iIƒ
Dƒs∏SpØn cq]w ¬Inb 1960˛se tIcf ]©mbØv BŒv 1962˛¬ {]m_eyØn¬
h∂tXmSp IqSn kwÿmsØ ]©mbØpIfn¬ Hcp GIoIrX `cWhyhÿ D≠mbn.
A∂v nehnep≠mbncp∂ tem°¬ t_mUokv hIp∏ns ]©mbØv hIp∏pw apnkn∏n¬
hIp∏pambn hn`Pn®p. 1962 Pphcn 19 v ]©mbØv hIp∏v nehn¬ h∂p.
1960˛se tIcf ]©mbØv BŒv Hcp GIXe ]©mbØv kwhn[mamWv hyhÿ
sNbvXXv. Cu BIvSv {]Imcw cq]hXv°cn® 922 ]©mbØpIfnte°pw s]mXpsXc
s™Sp∏neqsS ]pXnb `cWkanXnIƒ 1964 Pphcn 1˛v NpaXetb‰p. 1960˛se tIcf
]©mbØv BŒv {]Imcw 5 h¿jamWv sXcs™Sp°s∏´ `cW kanXnbpsS Imemh[nsb
¶nepw 1964˛¬ A[nImcta‰ `cWkanXnIƒ GItZiw 16 h¿jw nen∂p. c≠masØ
sXcs™Sp∏v S∂Xv 1979 emWv. A©v h¿jImebfhv ]q¿Ønbm°n Ah 1984 sk]vXw

10. 10
]ucm-h-Im-i-tcJ
_dn¬ ]ncn™pt]mbn. XpS¿∂v kvs]jy¬ B^ok¿ `cWambncp∂p. aq∂masØ sXc
s™Sp∏v 1988˛emWv S∂Xv. Cu `cWkanXnIƒ n›nXImemh[n Ign™v 9.2.1994
hsc XpS¿∂p. AXnptijw 1994˛se tIcf ]©mbØv cmPv nba{]Imcw 1995 sk]vXw
_dn¬ ]pXnb `cWkanXnIƒ A[nImcta¬°p∂Xphsc AUvannkvt{S‰ohv IΩn‰nI
fpsS tXrXzØnembncp∂p `cWw SØnbncp∂Xv. GIXe ]©mbØp kwhn[m
Ønp ]Icw ZznXe ]©mbØv k{ºZmbw ({Kma XeØnepw Pn√mXeØnepw) ÿm]n°p
∂Xnp≈ {iaØns‚ `mKambn 1964, 1967, 1971 h¿jßfn¬ nbak`bn¬ _n√pIƒ
AhXcn∏n®ncp∂psh¶nepw hnhn[ ImcWßfm¬ Ahsbm∂pw nbaambn amdnbncp∂n√.
F∂m¬ 1979 ˛¬ nbak` ]m m°nb tIcf Pn√m `cW _n√nv 1980˛¬ cmjv{S]XnbpsS
AwKoImcw e`n®ncp∂psh¶nepw AXv S∏m°p∂Xnv Imehnfw_w D≠mbn. ]n∂oSv
1987˛¬ A[nImcØn¬ h∂ k¿°m¿ Pn√m `cWnbaØn¬ t`ZKXn hcpØpIbpw
1991˛¬ Pn√m Iu¨knepIfnte°v sXcs™Sp∏v SØpIbpw sNbvXp. 73˛mw `cWLSm
t`ZKXnbpsS hcthmsS kwÿmØv nehnep≠mbncp∂ Pn√m Iu¨knepIsf k¿°m¿
]ncn®phn´p.
1993 G{]n¬ 24˛v 73˛mw `cWLSmt`ZKXn {]m_eyØn¬ h∂tXmSpIqSn ]©m
bØocmPv ÿm]߃°v `cWLSm ]Zhn e`n®p. `cWLSm t`ZKXn°pkrXambn
Bkq{XnX {Kma hnIkØnpw Xt±i`cW Imcyßfn¬ h¿≤n® tXmXnep≈ P
]¶mfnØw Dd∏phcpØp∂Xnpw Xt±i`cW ÿm]ßsf im‡oIcn°p∂Xnpambn
n¿Ωn® tIcf ]©mbØv cmPv BIvSv 23.4.1994˛v {]m_eyØn¬ h∂p. Pn√m˛tªm°v˛
{Kma]©mbØpIƒ ASßnb {XnXe ]©mbØv kwhn[mamWv Cu nbaw hn`mhw
sNøp∂Xv. Cu nba{]Imcw 990 {Kma ]©mbØpIƒ cq]hXvIcn°pIbpw 1995
sk]v‰w_¿ amkØn¬ S∂ s]mXpsXcs™Sp∏neqsS ]pXnb `cWkanXnIƒ
2˛10-˛1995-˛v A[nImctaev°pIbpw sNbvXp.
1994˛se tIcf ]©mbØv cmPv BŒv {]Imcw {Kma ]©mbØpIƒ°v 27 Anhmcy
NpaXeIfpw 14 s]mXphmb NpaXeIfpw 19 taJemSnÿmØnepff NpaXeIfpw n¿Δ
lnt°≠Xp≠v. Xt±ikzbw`cW ÿm]ßfpsS hn]peam°s∏´ NpaXeIƒ ^e{]Z
ambn ndth‰p∂Xnv 1995˛¬ hnhn[ hIp∏pIƒ°v Iognep≠mbncp∂ {]mtZinIXe
Hm^okpItfbpw DtZymKÿtcbpw k¿°m¿ Xt±i`cW ÿm]߃°v ssIamdnbn
cp∂p. A[nImchntI{μoIcWØns‚ `mKambn `cWØn¬ P]¶mfnØw Dd∏phcpØp
∂Xnpw hntI{μoIrXmkq{XWw km≤yam°p∂Xnpw th≠n HºXmw ]©h’c]≤Xn
°meØv, 1996 BKÃv 17˛v PIobmkq{XW {]ÿmØnv k¿°m¿ XpS°wIpdn®p.
H∏w kwÿmØns‚ ]≤Xn hnlnXØns‚ 30˛40 iXamw XpI hnIk t£a {]h¿
Ø߃°mbn Xt±ikzbw`cW ÿm]߃°v AphZn®p ¬IpIbpw sNbvXp.
_lpP kwLSIfpsSbpw `cWÿm]ßfpsSbpw PßfpsSbpw kao]Ønepw
ImgvN∏mSnepw hnIktm∑pJhpw Pm[n]Xy]chpamb am‰w hcpØp∂Xnv PIobm
kq{XWw hgnsh®p. P]¶mfnØ Bkq{XWØns‚ Hcp ]pXnb ImeL´Ønv hgn
Xpd°s∏´p. tIcf hnIk ]≤Xn F∂ t]cn¬ S∏nem°nb 10˛mw ]©h’c ]≤Xn
Im¿jnI taJebnse Dev]mZ h¿≤hv, {]IrXnhn`h amtPvsa‚ v, Jcameny n¿
Ωm¿÷w, sa®s∏´ tkhw F∂nhbv°v Du∂¬ ¬In. {Kma ]©mbØpIfnse
A°u≠nwKv kwhn[mw Imcy£aam°p∂Xnv S]SnIƒ kzoIcn®p. HºXpw ]Øpw

11. 11
]©m-bØv hIp∏v
]©h’c ]≤XnIfpsS Ap`h߃ Dƒs°m≠v hntI{μoIrXmkq{XW {]{Inb
kpÿncam°p∂XnmWv 11˛mw ]©h’c]≤Xnbn¬ e£yan´ncn°p∂Xv. {Kma ]©mb
ØpIƒ°pam{Xambn 2011˛se tIcfm ]©mbØv sI´nSn¿ΩmW N´ßƒ hn⁄m]w
sNbvXXpw, ]©mbØpIfpsS A°u≠nwKv k{ºZmbw Imcy£aam°phm≥ 2011˛se
tIcf ]©mbØv cmPv (A°u≠vkv) N´ßƒ hn⁄m]w sNbvXXpw {it≤bamWv.
tIcf ]©mbØv cmPv nba{]Imcw `cWkanXnIfpsS Imemh[n 5 h¿jamWv.
ImtjpamcnbpsS ASnÿmØn¬ {XnXe ]©mbØpIfpsS AwKkwJy n¿Æbn°p∂
NpaXe ]©mbØv UbdIvS¿°mWv. 1995˛ptijw 2000, 2005, 2010 F∂o h¿jßfn¬
]©mbØv sXcs™Sp∏pIƒ S∂p. 1994˛se tIcf ]©mbØv cmPv BIvSv nehn¬
h∂t∏mƒ 991 {Kma ]©mbØpIfmWv nehnep≠mbncp∂Xv. XpS¿∂v Hmtcm L´Ønepw
{Kma ]©mbØpIƒ apnkn∏men‰nIfm°n am‰s∏SpItbm, Ahsb apnkn∏men‰n
Ifntem apnkn∏¬ tIm¿∏tdjpIfntem ebn∏n°s∏SpItbm, hn`Pn®v ]pXnb {Kma
]©mbØpIƒ cq]oIcn°s∏SpItbm sNbvXn´p≈Xnm¬ {Kma ]©mbØpIfpsS
FÆw hyXymks∏´ncp∂p. 1995˛¬ 990 Bbncp∂Xv 2000˛¬ 991 Bbpw 2005˛¬ 999 Bbpw
h¿≤n®p. 2010˛se s]mXp sXcs™Sp∏ns XpS¿∂v 978 {Kma ]©mbØpIfmWv nehn¬
h∂Xv. CXn¬ CSp°n Pn√-bnse CSae°pSn {Kma ]©mbØv BZnhmkn PXbpsS
D∂aw e£yam°n kwLSn∏n® C¥ybnse BZysØ {Kma ]©mbØmWv.
1994˛se tIcf ]©mbØv cmPv BŒv 1995,1999, 2000, 2001, 2005, 2009 F∂o h¿jßfn¬
t`ZKXn sNbvXncp∂p. CXn¬ 1999˛¬ A[nImchntI{μoIcW (sk≥)IΩn‰nbpsSbpw
kwÿm sXcs™Sp∏v IΩojs‚bpw kwÿm [Imcy IΩojs‚bpw ip]m¿i
IfpsS ASnÿmØn¬ BsIbp≈ 285 hIp∏pIfn¬ q‰nbt©mfw hIp∏pIfn¬ ka{K
amb t`ZKXnIfmWv hcpØnbXv. k¿°mcnv Xt±i`cW ÿm]ßfpsS taep≠mbncp∂
H´pan° nb{¥Wßfpw Dt]£n®psIm≠v Ahsb kzbw`cWÿm]ßfm°n am‰p∂
Xnv 1999˛se t`ZKXnIƒ CShcpØn.
]©m-b-Øp-I-fnse hf¿®-bvs°m-∏w, ]©mbØv hIp-∏n-sebpw ]©m-b-Øp-I-fnsebpw
Poh--°m-cpsS LS--bnepw am‰-ß-fp-≠m-bn. hIp-∏nse Poh--°m¿ k¿°m¿ Poh--°m-
cm-bn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ ]©m-b-Øp-I-fn¬ FIvkn-Iyq-´ohv Hm^o-k¿am¿ Hgn-sI-bp≈ Poh--°msc
]©m-bØv `c-W-k-an-Xn-I-fmWv nb-an-®n-cp-∂-Xv. ]©m-bØv hIp-∏n¬ ]©m-bØv Ub-d
IvS¿ A≤y-£pw At±-lsØ klm-bn-°m≥ tPmbn‚ v Ub-d-IvS¿amcpw taJ-em-X-e-Øn¬
sU]yq´n Ub-d-IvS¿am-cpw Pn√m-X-e-Øn¬ Unkv{SnIvSv ]©m-bØv Hm^o-k¿amcpw Xmeq
°p-X-e-Øn¬ Xmeq°v ]©m-b-Øm-^o-k¿am-cpamWv D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. ]©m-b-Øp-I-fnse
Poh--°m¿°v {]tXyI tkh--hy-h-ÿ-bpƒs°m-≈p∂ BZysØ N´-߃ 1967˛se
]©m-bØv FÃm-ªn-jvsa‚ v N´ß-fm-Wv. 1˛4-˛1977 se ]©m-bØv tIma¨ k¿Δokv dqƒkv
ne-hn¬ hcp∂-Xp-hsc ]©m-b-Øp-I-ƒ Hmtcm bqWn-‰m-bn-cp-∂p. 1980 apX¬ ]©m-b-Ønse
Poh--°msc ]n.-F-kv.kn apJm¥-c-amWv nban®p-h-cp-∂-Xv. 3˛2-˛1987 apX¬ tIma¨ k¿Δokv
Poh°msc k¿°m¿ Poh--°m-cmbn AwKo-I-cn-®p.
]©m-bØv hIp-∏nse ann-Ão-cn-bn¬ Poh--°m-scbpw ]©m-bØv tIma¨ k¿Δo-
knse Poh--°m-scbpw kwtbm-Pn-∏n-®p-sIm≠v 1˛1-˛1990 ap≥Ime {]m_-ey-tØm-Sp-IqSn
16-˛6-˛1994 ¬ tIcf ]©m-bØv kt_m¿Un-t‰v dqƒkv ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-®p. AtXm-Sp-IqSn

12. 12
]ucm-h-Im-i-tcJ
I≠n-P‚ v Poh--°m-scm-gn-sI-bp≈ ]©m-bØv Poh--°mcpw hIp-∏nse Kk-‰Uv Poh--
°m-scm-gn-sI-bp≈ Poh--°mcpw tIcf ]©m-bØv kt_m¿Unt‰v k¿Δo-kns‚ `mK
-am-bn. FIvkn-Iyq-´ohv Hm^o-k¿ XkvXn-I-Iƒ sk{I-´dn XkvXnI-I-fmbn ]p¿m-a-IcWw
sNbvXp.
1996˛¬ taJ-em-Sn-ÿm--Øn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ sU]yq´n Ub-d-IvS-dm-^o-kp-Iƒ F√m Pn√-
I-fnepw cq]o-I-cn-®p. Unkv{SnIvSv ]-©m-bØv Hm^o-k¿ XkvXnI ]©m-bØv Akn-Â v
Ub-d-IvS¿ F∂v ]p¿m-a-I-cWw sNbvXp. Xmeq°v ]©m-bØv Hm^o-kp-Iƒ n¿Ø-em-
°n. 1998˛¬ ]©m-bØv Akn- v Ub-d-IvS-dpsS nb-{¥-W-Øn¬ s]¿t^m-a≥kv BUn‰v
Soap-Iƒ cq]o-I-cn-®n-cp-∂p. Chsb 2001 apX¬ kon-b¿ kq{]-≠p-am-cpsS tXrXz-Øn¬
s]¿t^m-a≥kv BUn‰v bqWn-‰p-I-fm°n ]px-{I-ao-I-cn-®p. 2009˛¬ ]©m-bØv hIp-∏n¬
AUoj-W¬ Ub-d-IvS¿ XkvXnI krjvSn-®p. 2010˛¬ kvs]jy¬ t{KUv sk{I-´dn
XkvXn-I-Iƒ kt_m¿Un-t‰v k¿Δokn¬ n∂pw tÉv k¿Δo-kn-te°v am‰n.
kwÿm _P‰n¬ n›bn®n´p≈ hnIk ^≠pw, s]mXp Bhiy^≠pw, sabn‚
≥kv ^≠pw ]©mbØpIƒ°p hnXcWw sNøpI; {Kma ]©mbØpIfnse ]≤Xn
Bkq{XWw, n¿ΔlWw F∂nhbnse ]ptcmKXn bYmkabw hnebncpØn am¿§n¿t±i
߃ ¬IpI; tI{μmhnjvIrX ]≤XnIƒ amZfi߃ ]men®v {Kma]©mbØpIfn¬
S∏nem°p∂psh∂v Dd∏phcpØpI; P{]Xnn[nIƒ°pw Poh°m¿°pw Bhiyamb
]cnioew ¬IpI, Kh¨sa‚nsbpw {Kma ]©mbØpIsfbpw Ip´nbnW°p∂ Hcp
IÆnbmbn h¿Øn°pI XpSßnb sshhn≤yam¿∂Xpw hn]peambXpamb ]pXnb NpaXe
Iƒ n¿Δln°p∂hcmbn ]©mbØp hIp∏pta[mhnbpw DtZymKÿcpw amdn°gn™ncn
°pIbmWv.
kmaq-ly-o-Xn-bn-e-[n-jvTn-X-amb kmº-ØnI hnI-kw Dd-∏m-°pI F∂ e£y
km£mXv°mcw hn`mhw sNøp∂ 73-˛mw `cWLSm t`Z-K-Xnsb XpS¿∂v ]m m-°nb
tIcf ]©m-b-ØocmPv nbaØns‚bpw A[nImc hntI{μoIcWØns‚bpw ^eambn
tIc-f-Øn-ep-≠mb kmºØnI kmaq-lnI hf¿® s]mXpsh sa®s∏´XmsW∂v ]T߃
hy‡am°nbncn°p∂p. ]m¿∏nSw, ipNnXzw, IpSnsh≈w, sshZypXn, kwLIrjn, arK-kw-
c-£Ww XpSßnb taJeIfn¬ tIcfw ssIhcn® ]ptcmKXn cmPyØnp amXrIbmWv.
]ptcmKatm∑pJambn h¿≤n® tXmXn¬ A[nImc ssIam‰w SØn ]©mbØocmPv
kwhn[mw S∏m°nbXnv tI{μ ]©mbØocmPv a{¥mebw SØnb AhtemIØn¬
2009˛10, 2010˛11 h¿jß-fn¬ tIcfØnv XpS¿®bmbn H∂mw ÿmw e`n-®Xv tIc-f-Ønse
]©m-b-Øo-cmPv k{º-Zmbw kpi-‡-amWv F∂p-≈-Xn-p≈ km£y-]-{X-am-Wv. 1960˛Ifnse
Npcpßnb NpaXeIfn¬n∂pw apjyPohnXØn¬ Bh-iy-amb tkh--ß-fpsS 90
iX-am-hpw {]Zmw sNøp-∂ tkhZmXmhmbpw hnIk{]{Inbbnse n¿ÆmbI
]¶mfnbmbpw {Kma ]©mbØpIƒ ssIh-cn® hf¿®bv°v kaImeo kaqlw km£yw
hln°p∂p.

13. 13
]©m-bØv hIp∏v
]©mbØv UbdIvStd‰v
]©mbØv UbdIvSdmWv ]©mbØv hIp∏ns‚ ta[mhn. kwÿmsØ P
acW cPnkvt{Sjs‚ No^v cPnkv{Smdpw lnμp hnhml cPnkvt{Sjs‚ cPnkv{Sm¿ Pdepw
2008˛se tIcf hnhml߃ cPnÿ sNø¬ (s]mXp) N´ßƒ {]Imcw apJycPnkv{Sm¿
Pdepw ]©mbØv UbdIvSdmWv. IqSmsX, ]©mbØphIp∏ns‚ {]kn≤oIcWß
fmb ]©mbØv cmPv amknIbpsSbpw ]©mbØv ssKUns‚bpw FUn‰dpamWv. Xncph
¥]pcØv ]ªnIv Hm^okv _n¬UnwKvknemWv ]©mbØv UbdIvStd‰v {]h¿Øn
°p∂Xv.
NpaXemn¿ΔlWØn¬ ]©mbØv UbdŒsd Xmsg]dbp∂ DtZymKÿ¿ klm
bn°p∂p.
AUojW¬ ]©mbØv UbdIvS¿ & hnPne≥kv Hm^ok¿ :
kvs]jy¬ t{KUv sk{I´dn, Pqnb¿ kq{]≠v, {Kma ]©mbØv sk{I´dn,
slUv¢m¿°v F∂nhcpsS nbaw, ÿewam‰w, s{]mt_j≥, eohv AphZn
°¬, taev]d™ F√m DtZymKÿ¿°pw FXncmb A®S° S]SnIƒ, Ap
hZobamb ]cn[n°phnt[bambn [Imcy A[nImc߃.
tPmbn‚ v UbdIvS¿ (`cWw) :
A°u≠‚ v, bp.Un. ¢m¿°v, ssS∏nÃv, sset{_dnb≥, ss{Uh¿ XpSßnb tm¨
Kk‰Uv Poh°mcpsS nbaw, ÿewam‰w, s{]mtamj≥, eohv AphZn°¬,
]©mbØv UbdIvStd‰nse Poh°mcpsS s]≥j≥, s]≥j≥ BpIqey߃
apXembh. ]©mbØv hIp∏nse tÉv ]ªnIv C≥^¿taj≥ Hm^ok¿.
tPmbn‚ v UbdIvS¿ (hnIkw) :
{Kma ]©mbØpIƒ°p≈ hnIk^≠v, sabn‚≥kv ^≠v, Pd¬
]¿∏kv ^≠v F∂o ^≠pIfpsS hnXcWw, {Kma ]©mbØpIfnse ]≤Xn
Bkq {XWw, n¿ΔlWw, AhbpsS ]ptcmKXn tamWn‰dnwKv, tI{μ˛kwÿmm
hnjvIrX ]≤XnIfpsS SØn∏pw tamWn‰dnwKpw.

14. 14
]ucm-h-Im-i-tcJ
]©m-
b
Øv
Ub-
d
-
I
v
S
¿
tPmbn-
‚
v
Ub-
d
Iv
S
¿
(hnI-
k
w)
AUojW¬
]©m-
b
Øv
Ub-
d
-
I
v
S
¿
]©mbØv
hIp∏v
:
LS
tPmbn-
‚
v
Ub-
d
Iv
S
¿
(`-
c
-
W
w)
kon-
b
¿
^nm≥kv
Hm^o-
k
¿
em
Hm^o-
k
¿
sU]yq´n
No^v
cPn-
k
v
{
Sm¿
A°u≠v
k
v
Hm^o-
k
¿
AUv
a
n-
nkv
t
{S‰ohv
Akn-
Ã
‚
v
]©m-
b
Øv
sU]yq´n
Ub-
d
-
I
v
S
¿
(14)
]©m-
b
Øv
Akn-
Ã
‚
v
Ub-
d
-
I
v
S
¿
(14)
Pqn-
b
¿
kq{]≠v
bp.-
U
n./F¬.-
U
n.
¢m¿°v
,
ssS∏n-
Ã
v
,
ss{Uh¿,
¢mkv
t^m¿
Poh-
-
°
m¿,
I≠n-
P
‚
v
Poh-
-
°
m¿
Pqn-
b
¿
kq{]≠v
bp.-
U
n./F¬.-
U
n.
¢m¿°v
¢mkv
t^m¿
Poh-
-
°
m¿
Pqn-
b
¿
kq{]≠v
bp.-
U
n./F¬.-
U
n.
¢m¿°v
¢mkv
t^m¿
Poh-
-
°
m¿
kon-
b
¿
kq{]≠v
/
sebv
k
¨
Hm^o-
k
¿
Pqn-
b
¿
kq{]≠v
s^b¿tIm∏n
kq{]≠v
tIm¨^nU≥jy¬
Akn-
Ã
‚
v
bp.-
U
n./F¬.-
U
n.
¢m¿°v
bp.Un/F¬.-
U
n.
ssS∏nÃv
ss{Uh¿
¢mkv
t
^m¿/^pƒssSw
Fwtπm-
b
okv
s]¿t^m-
a
≥kv
BUn‰v
kq∏¿ssh-
k
-
¿
am¿
(66)
kv
s
]jy¬
t{KUv
sk{I-
´
dn
(427)
Pqn-
b
¿
kq{]≠v
/
sk{I-
´
dn
(551)
slUv
¢m¿°v
/
A°u-
≠
‚
v
bp.-
U
n.
¢m¿°v
,
F¬.-
U
n.
¢m¿°v
,
sset{_-
d
nb≥,
kmn-
´
dn
C≥kv
s
]-
I
v
S
¿,
¢mkv
t^m¿
Poh-
-
°
m¿,
I≠n-
P
‚
v
Poh-
-
°
m¿
]ªn-
k
n‰n
Hm^o-
k
¿

15. 15
]©m-bØv hIp∏v
sU]yq´n No^v cPnkv{Sm¿ :
P acWßfpsSbpw hnhmlßfpsSbpw cPnkvt{Sj≥ kw_‘n® NpaXeIƒ
kon-b¿ ^nm≥kv Hm^ok¿ : (sk{I´dntb‰nse ^nm≥kv hIp∏n¬ n∂pw
nban°s∏Sp∂ DtZymKÿ≥)
[Imcyhnjb߃.
em Hm^ok¿ : (sk{I´dntb‰nse nba hIp∏n¬ n∂pw nban°s∏Sp∂ DtZymKÿ≥.)
nbaImcy߃.
A°u≠vkv Hm^ok¿ :
tIcf ]©mbØv Fwtπmbokv s{]mhnU‚ v ^≠v kw_‘n® NpaXeIƒ.
AUvannkvt{S‰ohv Akn v :
FtÉv Hm^ok¿, s]mXphmb ImcyßfpsS NpaXeIƒ.
]ªnkn‰n Hm^ok¿ :
]©mbØv cmPv amknI, ]©m-bØv ssKUv XpS-ßnb {]kn-≤o-I-c-W-ß-fpsS
A-kn- v FUn-‰¿. ]{X°pdn∏pIfpw a‰pw kw_‘n® NpaXe.
Hmtcm Pn√bnepw ]©mbØv sU]yq´n UbdIvS¿ Pn√m Hm^okdmbn sU]yq´n Ub
dIvSdpsS Hm^okv {]h¿Øn°p∂p. ]©mbØv Akn v UbdIvS¿ Pn√m s]¿t^ma≥kv
BUn‰v Hm^okdmbn Hcp {]tXyI hn`mKhpw Pn√m Hm^okn¬ {]h¿Øn°p∂p. Pn√m
s]¿t^ma≥kv BUn‰v B^okdpsS nb{¥WØn¬ Hmtcm Pn√bnepw {Kma ]©mbØp
IfpsS FÆØnv Bp]mXnIambn 3 apX¬ 6 hsc s]¿t^ma≥kv BUn‰v bqWn‰pIƒ
{]h¿Øn°p∂p.
NpaXeIƒ
]©mbØv hIp∏n¬ s]mXpP߃°v tkhw {]Zmw sNøp∂Xv {Kma ]©mb
ØpIƒ aptJbmWv. A[nImc hntI{μoIcWØnepw hntI{μoIrXmkq{XWØnepw
{Kma]©mbØpIfn¬ A¿∏nXamb Anhmcy NpaXeIƒ ndth‰p∂Xnepw {Kma
]©mbØpIsf {]m]vXcm°p∂Xnpw k¿°mcnpw {Kma ]©mbØpIƒ°pw at[y Hcp
""s^knent‰‰dpsS'' ]¶mWv {][mambpw ]©mbØv hIp∏v n¿Δln®phcp∂Xv. k¿°m¿
AphZn°p∂ hnIk^≠v, s]mXp Bhiy^≠v, sabn‚≥kv ^≠v, temI_m¶v
[klmbw (sI.F¬.Pn.Fkv.Un.]n) XpSßnb ^≠pIƒ {Kma ]©mbØpIƒ°v
hnXcWw sNøpI, kwÿmsØ F√m P˛acW˛hnhml cPnkvt{SjpIfpw
nba{]Imcw S°p∂psh∂v Dd∏phcpØpI, {Kma ]©mbØpIfpsS ss_emIƒ AwKo
Icn°pI, {Kma ]©mbØpIƒ°v Bhiyamb Poh°msc ¬IpI, Poh°m¿
s°Xnscbp≈ ]cmXnIfnt∑¬ hIp∏pXe S]SnIƒ kzoIcn°pI XpSßnbhbmWv
{][m NpaXeIƒ.

16. 16
]ucm-h-Im-i-tcJ
NpaXeIƒ kw_‘n® A[nI hnhc߃ NphsS tN¿°p∂p.
P˛acW cPnkvt{Sj≥
1969 se tI{μ P˛acW cPnkvt{Sj≥ nbaw nehn¬ h∂tXmSpIqSn C¥ybn¬
PacW cPnkvt{Sjv Hcp GIoIrX nbaw D≠mbn. 1.4.1970 apXemWv kwÿmØv
n¿_‘nX P˛acW cPnkvt{Sj≥ nehn¬ h∂Xv. Cu nbaØnpkcn®p≈
N´ßƒ 1.7.1970 apX¬ kwÿmØv {]m_eyØn¬ h∂p. 2000 B≠n¬ N´ßƒ ka{K
ambn ]cnjvIcn°pIbp≠mbn. {Kma]©mbØpIƒ, apnkn∏men‰nIƒ, apnkn∏¬
tIm¿∏tdjpIƒ, It‚m¨sa‚ v F∂nhbmWv {]mtZinI cPnkvt{Sj≥ bqWn‰pIƒ.
Phpw acWhpw kw`hZnhkw apX¬ 21 ZnhkØnp≈n¬ {]mtZinI cPnkvt{Sj≥
bqWn‰n¬ dnt∏m¿´v sNtø≠XmWv. CXv nbampkcWw n¿_‘amWv. n›nX Znhkw
Ign™m¬ kw`hZnhkw apX¬ 30 Znhkw hsc c≠p cq] ]ngsbmSp°nbpw Hcph¿jw
hsc ]©mbØpIfn¬ ]©mbØv sU]yq´n UbdIvSdpsSbpw Kck`Ifn¬ Kck`m
sk{I´dnbpsSbpw AphmZtØmSpIqSn A©p-cq] ]ngsbmSp°nbpw AXnptijw
_‘s∏´ k_vUnhnjW¬ aPnkvt{S´ns‚ (B¿.Un.H./k_vIfŒ¿) AphmZtØmsS
]Øp-cq] ]ngsbmSp°nbpw P˛acW߃ cPnÿ sNømhp∂XmWv. Ip´nbpsS t]cv
tN¿°msX cPnÿ sNbvX Pßfn¬ Hcp h¿jØnIw kuPyambpw AXnptijw
5 cq] te‰v ^o HSp°nbpw t]cv tN¿°mhp∂XmWv. P˛acW cPnkvt{Sj≥ ASnÿm
tcJbmbXnm¬ `mhnbn¬ CjvSmpkcWw XncpØepIƒ hcpØm≥ IgnbpIbn√.
AXnm¬ P˛acW cPnkvt{Sjv icnbmbpw hy‡ambpw hnhc߃ evIp∂psh∂v
Dd∏phcpØWw. ]©mbØv UbdIvSdmWv P˛acW cPnkvt{Sjs‚ kwÿm No^v
cPnkv{Sm¿. ]©mbØv sU]yq´n UbdIvS¿amcmWv Pn√m cPnkv{Sm¿am¿.
1970 G{]n¬ H∂mw XobXn°papºp≈ P cPnkvt{Sjn¬ t]cptN¿°p∂Xnv
No^v cPnkv{SmdpsS ApaXn BhiyamWv. C{]Imcw t]cv tN¿°p∂Xnmbn tem°¬
cPnkv{Sm¿ apºmsI At]£Iƒ ¬tI≠Xpw tem°¬ cPnkv{Sm¿ Xmsg]dbp∂
tcJIƒ Dƒs∏SpØn No^v cPnkv{Sm¿°v s{]mt∏mk¬ ka¿∏nt°≠XpamWv. (tkhw
e`n-°p∂ ka-b-]-cn[n ˛ 7 Znhkw)
1. 5 cq] tIm¿´v ^o Ãmºv ]Xn®v No^v cPnkvv{Sm¿°v ka¿∏n°p∂ At]£Iƒ
(amXm]nXm°fpsSbpw Ip´nIfpsSbpw).
2. cPnkv{Sm¿ km£ys∏SpØnb PcPnkvt{Sjs‚ icn∏I¿∏v.
3. kvIqƒtcJbpsS km£ys∏SpØnb icn∏I¿∏v.
4. amXm]nXm°ƒ°v Pn®n´p≈ F√m Ip´nIfpsSbpw t]cv, PXobXn, P
{Iaw, Pohn®ncn°p∂pthm C√tbm F∂nh hy‡am°p∂ n›nX t^mdØn
ep≈ kXyhmMvaqew.
5. cPnkv{SmdpsS hniZamb AtzjWdnt∏m¿´pw ip]m¿ibpw.
P acW cPnkvt{SjpIfnse XncpØepIƒ°v No^v cPnkv{Sm¿°v tem°¬
cPnkv{Sm¿ ka¿∏n°p∂ s{]mt∏mkepIfn¬ Xmsg]dbp∂ tcJIƒ Dƒs∏SptØ≠
XmWv. (tkhw e`n-°p∂ ka-b-]-cn[n ˛ 7 Znhkw)
1. 5 cq] tIm¿´v ^o Ãmºv ]Xn®v No^v cPnkv{Sm¿°p ka¿∏n°p∂ At]£.
2. cPnkv{Sm¿ km£ys∏SpØnb P acW cPnkvt{Sj≥ icn∏I¿∏v.

17. 17
]©m-bØv hIp∏v
3. kvIqƒtcJbpsS km£ys∏SpØnb icn]I¿∏v.
4. Pw/acWw dnt∏m¿´psNbvX hy‡nbpsS At]£(hy‡n Pohn®ncn∏ns√¶n¬
AXv kw_‘n® kXyhmMvaqew).
5. amXm]nXm°ƒ°v Pn®n´p≈ F√m Ip´nIfpsSbpw t]cv, P XobXn, P
{Iaw, Pohn®ncn°p∂pthm C√tbm F∂nh hy‡am°p∂ n›nX ^mdØnep≈
kXyhmMvaqew (P cPnkvt{Sjnse XncpØepIƒ°v).
6. PacW cPnkv{SmdpsS hniZamb AtzjW dnt∏m¿´pw ip]m¿ibpw.
7. t]cv XncpØp∂Xnv dhyq A[nImcnIfn¬ n∂p≈ km£y]{Xw.
8. c≠v Kk‰Uv DtZymKÿcn¬ n∂p≈ Un¢tdj≥.
9. Bip]{XnIfn¬ n∂v dnt∏m¿´v sNbvX tIkpIfn¬ XncpØenv Bip]{Xn
A[nImcnIfpsS Xncpج IØpw P cPnkvt{Sjnse XncpØepIƒ°v
ssKnIv cPnÃdns‚ km£ys∏SpØnb ]I¿∏pw.
10. XncpØs∏tS≠ hnhcw sXfnbn°p∂ a‰v B[nImcnI tcJIfpsS km£y
s∏SpØnb ]I¿∏v.
lnμp hnhml cPnkvt{Sj≥
1955 se C¥y≥ lnμphnhml nba{]Imcw kwÿmØv S°p∂ F√m
hnhmlßfpw AXmXv {Kma]©mbØv˛apnkn∏¬˛tIm¿∏tdj≥ Hm^okpIfn¬ cPnÿ
sNømhp∂XmWv. 1957 se tIcf lnμphnhml cPnkvt{Sj≥ N´ßƒ 20.5.1959 apXemWv
nehn¬ h∂Xv. AXnm¬ Cu XobXn°p apºp≈ hnhml߃ cPnÿ sNømhp∂X√.
hnhmlw S∂v 15 Znhk߃°p≈n¬ _‘s∏´ Xt±i ÿm]Øn¬ cPnÿ sNøp∂
Xnv N´ßƒ hyhÿ sNøp∂p≠v. n›nX 15 ZnhkØnptijw 15 Znhkw IqSn aXnbmb
ImcWßfn¬ tem°¬ cPnkv{Sm¿°p Xs∂ ImeXmakw am∏m°n hnhmlw cPnÿ
sNømhp∂XmWv. AXnv tijap≈ cPnkvt{SjpIƒ SØp∂Xnv Pn√m cPnkv{SmdpsS
(]©mbØv sU]yq´n UbdIvS¿) AphmZw BhiyamWv. cPnkvt{SjpIfn¬ h∂n´p≈
kmchØmb sX‰pIƒ XncpØp∂Xnv cPnkv{Sm¿ Pdemb ]©mbØv UbdIvSdpsS
ApaXn BhiyamWv. AXnmbn tem°¬ cPnkv{Sm¿am¿ Pn√m cPnkv{Sm¿ aptJ
Xmsg]dbp∂ tcJIƒ Dƒs°m≈p∂ s{]mt∏mk¬ ka¿∏nt°≠XmWv. (tkhw
e`n-°p∂ ka-b-]-cn[n ˛ 7 Znhkw)
1. tIm¿´v^o Ãmºv ]Xn®v No^v cPnkv{Sm¿°v ka¿∏n°p∂ At]£.
2. hnhml cPnkvt{Sjs‚ km£ys∏SpØnb ]I¿∏v.
3. icnbmb hnhc߃ Dƒs°m≈p∂ tcJIƒ.
4. cPnkv{SmdpsS dnt∏m¿´v/ip]m¿i
2008˛se tIcf hnhml߃ cPnÿ sNø¬ (s]mXp) N´ßƒ
tIcf kwÿmØv S°p∂ F√m hnhmlßfpw aXt`Zsaty cPnÿ sNøp∂Xn
mbn _lp:kp{]owtImSXn n¿t±iØns‚ ASnÿmØn¬ 29.02.2008 apX¬ {]m_ey
Øn¬ kwÿm k¿°m¿ 2008 se tIcf hnhml߃ cPnÿ sNø¬ (s]mXp) N´ßƒ

18. 18
]ucm-h-Im-i-tcJ
]pds∏Sphn®p. 1969 se P acW cPnkvt{Sj≥ BIv‰v {]Imcap≈ P acW
cPnkv{Sm¿amcmWv hnhml(s]mXp)tem°¬ cPnkv{Sm¿am¿. ]©mbØv UbdIvS¿ hnhml
(s]mXp) apJy cPnkv{Sm¿ Pdepw ]©mbØv sU]yq´n UbdIvS¿am¿ hnhml (s]mXp)
cPnkv{Sm¿ Pd¬amcpamWv.
hnhmlØn¬ G¿s∏´ I£nIƒ hnhml cPnkvt{Sjp≈ satΩm hnhmlXobXn
apX¬ 45 ZnhkØnIw tem°¬ cPnkv{Sm¿°v ka¿∏nt°≠XmWv. AtXmsSm∏w cPn
kvt{Sj≥ ^okmbn 100 cq] HSpt°≠XpamWv. ]´nI-PmXn, ]´nI-h¿§ßfn¬s∏´hcpw
Zmcn{ZytcJbv°p Xmsgbp≈hcpw cPnkvt{Sj≥ ^okmbn 10 cq] HSp°nbm¬ aXnbmIpw.
cPnkvt{Sj≥ SØn°gn™m¬ AXns‚ sXfnhnte°mbn 5 {]hrØnZnhkØnIw
Hcp k¿´n^n°‰v At]£Iv ¬Ip∂XmWv. CXnv 20 cq] ^okv HSp°Ww. CXp
IqSmsX, 25 cq] ^okv klnXw At]£n®m¬ GsXmcmƒ°pw cPnÃdnse GsXmcp
Dƒ°pdn∏ns‚bpw {]k‡`mKw ASßp∂ k¿´n^n°‰v e`n°pw. hnhmlw S∂v 45
ZnhkØnp tijw Hcp h¿jw hsc qdp cq] ]ng CuSm°nbpw Hcp h¿jØnp tijw
cPnkv{Sm¿ Pdens‚ ApaXntbmsS 250 cq] ]ng CuSm°nbpw hnhmlw cPnÿ sNøm
hp∂XmWv. tem°¬ cPnkv{Sm¿°v kzta[bmtbm, _‘s∏´ I£nIfpsS At]£bntem
cPnÃdnse GsX¶nepw Dƒ°pdn∏v, cq]Øntem kmcmwiØntem sX‰msWt∂m hymP
ambn tN¿ØXmsWt∂m t_m≤ys∏´m¬ XncpØpItbm d±m°pItbm sNøp∂Xnpw
N´ßfn¬ hyhÿbp≠v. kmchØmb XncpØepIƒ SØp∂Xnp≈ AphmZw
¬Ip∂Xnp≈ A[nImchpw cPnkv{Sm¿ P-d-enmWv. dnhnj≥ At]£Iƒ hnhml
(s]mXp) apJy cPnkv{Sm¿ P-d-en-mWv ka¿∏nt°≠Xv.
{Kma ]©mbØpIƒ°p≈ hnIk ^≠v hnXcWw
kwÿm _P‰ns‚ Ap_‘w IV-¬ {Kma ]©mbØpIƒ°v hIbncpØnbn´p≈
hnIk^≠ns‚ hnXcWw ]©mbØv UbdIvStd‰v apJm¥camWv SØp∂Xv. 2011˛12
h¿jw apX¬ hnIk^≠ns‚ Pd¬ hnlnXw memw kwÿm[Imcy IΩojs‚
]pXp°nb amZfißfpsS ASnÿmØnemWv ¬Inhcp∂Xv. Hmtcm Xt±ikzbw`cW
ÿm]Ønsebpw PßfpsS PohnX nehmcØnse C√mbvabpsS tXmXnv Imcyamb
{]m[myw ¬Inbn´p≠v. ]´nIPmXn ]´nIh¿§ hn`mK߃, a’y_‘hpambn _‘
s∏´v Pohn°p∂ sXmgnemfnIƒ F∂nhcpsS PkwJybmWv CXnmbn apJyambpw ]cn
KWn®n´p≈Xv. hoSv, ÿew, I°qkv, IpSnsh≈w, sshZypXn F∂o ASnÿm kuIcy
߃t]mepw C√mØ IpSpw_ßfpsS FÆsØbmWv C√mbvabpsS tXmXv Is≠Øm
mbn amZfiam°nbn´p≈Xv.
]´nIPmXn ]´nIh¿§w HgnsIbp≈ PkwJy ˛ 50% shbnt‰Pv
C√mbvabpsS tXmXv ˛ 30% shbnt‰Pv
nIpXn ]ncnhns‚ Imcy£aX ˛ 10% shbnt‰Pv
hnkvXo¿Æw ˛ 10% shbnt‰Pv
Pd¬ hnlnXtØmsSm∏w {]tXyI LSI ]≤Xn, ]´nIh¿§ D]]≤Xn F∂nh
bv°pw kwÿm ]≤Xn hnlnXØns‚ n›nX iXamw XpI ¬Inhcp∂p. hnIk
^≠v 10 KUp°fmbmWv ]©mbØv sU]yq´n UbdIvS¿am¿ apJm¥cw {Kma ]©mb
ØpIƒ°v ¬Inhcp∂Xv.

19. 19
]©m-bØv hIp∏v
{Kma ]©mbØpIƒ°p≈ s]mXp Bhiy ^≠v hnXcWw
kwÿmØns‚ XXv nIpXn hcpamØns‚ 3.5 iXamw XpIbmWv Xt±i
kzbw`cW ÿm]߃°v s]mXp Bhiy ^≠mbn ¬Inhcp∂Xv. {Kma ]©mbØp
Iƒ°p≈ s]mXp Bhiy ^≠v k¿°m¿ n›bn®n´p≈{]Imcw ]©mbØv UbdIvStd‰v
apJm¥cw hnXcWw sNøp∂p. 12 KUp°fmbn´mWv XpI hnXcWw sNøp∂Xv. s]mXp
Bhiy ^≠v ]©mbØns‚ XXp hcpamambn IW°m°p∂p.
{Kma ]©mbØpIƒ°p≈ sabn‚≥kv ^≠v hnXcWw
kwÿmØns‚ XXv nIpXn hcpamØns‚ Hcp n›nX iXamw XpI {Kma
]©mbØpIfnse tdmUpIfpsSbpw tdmUnXc BkvXnIfpsSbpw kwc£WØnmbn
¬Inhcp∂p. Hmtcm {Kma ]©mbØnpw ¬Iphm≥ n›bn°s∏´n´p≈ XpI 10 KUp°
fmbn ]©mbØv sU]yq´n UbdIvS¿am¿ apJm¥cw hnXcWw SØp∂p.
Hmtcm {Kma ]©mbØnpw e`nt°≠ hnIk ^≠v, s]mXp Bhiy^≠v,
kwc£W ^≠v F∂nh Hmtcm h¿jsØbpw kwÿm _P‰ns‚ Ap_‘w IV-¬
tN¿Øncn°p∂p.
{Kma ]©mbØpIfn¬ tIkpIfpsS SØn∏v :
nbtam]tZjvSm°ƒ°p≈ ^okv ¬Ip∂Xnv AwKoImcw
{Kma ]©mbØnpth≠n tIkpIƒ SØp∂Xnpw nbtam]tZiw ¬Ip∂Xn
pambn A`n`mjIsc G¿s∏SpØp∂Xnpw Ah¿°v n›nX ]cn[n°phnt[bambn ^okv
¬Ip∂Xpw kw_‘n® hyhÿIƒ 2003 se tIcf ]©mbØv cmPv (tIkpIfpsS
SØn∏pw nbtam]tZjvSm°ƒ°v ^okv ¬Iepw) N´ßfn¬ Dƒs∏SpØnbn´p≠v.
k¶o¿Æamb nba{]iv߃ ASßnbn´p≈Xpw tIkv SØn∏nv hfscb[nIw
nba]cn⁄mw Bhiyap≈Xpamb Hcp tIkns‚ ImcyØn¬ _‘s∏´ A`n`mjIv
]©mbØv Xocpamn°p∂ {]Imcw ]cn[nbn¬ Ihn™ ^okv ]©mbØv UbdŒdpsS
ap≥Iq´nbp≈ AwKoImcØnp hnt[bambn AphZn°mhp∂XmWv. CXnmbn Xmsg
]dbp∂ tcJIƒ, {Kma ]©mbØv sk{I´dn, ]©mbØv sU]yq´n UbdŒ¿ aptJ
]©mbØv UbdŒ¿°v ka¿∏nt°≠XmWv.
(i) ]©mbØv kanXn Xocpamw.
(ii) {Kma ]©mbØv sk{I´dnbpsS dnt∏m¿´v.
(iii) hn[nymbØns‚ ]I¿∏v.
(iv) ^okv kw_‘n®v A`n`mjI≥ ¬Ip∂ tcJbpsS ]I¿∏v.
(v) A∏o¬ tIkpIfn¬ Pn√m Kh¨sa‚ v πoUdpsS nbtam]tZiØns‚ ]I¿∏v.
{Kma ]©mbØpIfn¬ AdhpimeIƒ ÿm]n°phm≥ {]tXyI [klmbw
]Xnsm∂mw ]≤Xn°mebfhn¬ F√m {Kma]©mbØpIfpw Hcp ipNnXz ]≤Xn
Xømdm°Wsa∂pw AXn¬ hrØnbpw shSn∏pap≈ Iim∏pimeIƒ ÿm]n°p∂Xnp≈
S]Sn kzoIcn°Wsa∂pw k¿°m¿ njv°¿jn®n´p≠v. AdhpimeIfpsS A`mhw
A[nIrX Iim∏npw ipNnXzan√mØ amwk hnev]bv°pw CSbm°p∂tXmsSm∏w
{Kma]©mbØnv e`yamtI≠ hcpamhpw jvSs∏SpØp∂p. _lp. tIcf sslt°mSXn

20. 20
]ucm-h-Im-i-tcJ
bpsS 10.12.2008, 08.07.2009, 12.08.2009 F∂o XobXnIfnse DØchpIƒ {]Imcw F√m
Xt±i kzbw`cW ÿm]ßfpw ho AdhpimeIƒ ÿm]n°p∂Xnp≈ S]Sn
ssIs°mt≈≠Xp≠v. AdhpimeIƒ ÿm]n°p∂Xnp≈ ]≤Xn n¿t±i߃°v am¿§
n¿t±ihpw kmt¶XnImpaXnbpw evIp∂Xv kwÿm ipNnXzanjmWv. kwÿmsØ
{Kma]©mbØpIfn¬ AdhpimeIƒ ÿm]n°p∂Xnv t{]m’mlw F∂ nebn¬
k¿°m¿ [klmbw ¬Ip∂p≠v. [klmbØnp≈ At]£ ]©mbØv UbdIvS¿
°mWv ¬tI≠Xv.
AdhpimeIƒ ÿm]n°p∂Xnv kz¥ambn `qanbp≈ {Kma ]©mbØnv ne-hn¬
20 e£w cq]bmWv AphZn°p∂Xv. ]©mbØv kanXn Xocpamw klnXw ]©mbØv
sU]yq´n UbdIvS¿ apJm¥cw {Kma ]©mbØv At]£ ka¿∏nt°≠XmWv.
{Kma ]©mbØpIfn¬ s]mXpivaimw ÿm]n°phm≥ {]tXyI [klmbw
1994˛se tIcf ]©mbØv cmPv BIvSv -{]Imcw ivaimßfpw ih∏dºpIfpw ÿm]n
°pIbpw kwc£n°pIbpw sNøpI F∂Xv {Kma]©mbØpIfpsS Anhmcy NpaXe
bmWv. 11˛mw ]≤Xn Imebfhn¬ F√m {Kma]©mbØpIfnepw Hcp ipNnXz ]≤Xn Xøm
dm°Wsa∂pw AXn¬ ih∏dºpIfpw ivaimßfpw ÿm]n°p∂Xnp≈ ]cn]mSn D≠m
bncn°Wsa∂pw k¿°m¿ njv°¿jn®n´p≠v. {Kma]©mbØv {]tZisØ Bhiy߃
ndtht‰≠Xpw {Kma{]tZisØ Xmak°m¿°v Bhiyamb tkh߃ sNtø≠Xpw
{Kma]©mbØns‚ I¿ØhyamWv. 1998˛se tIcf ]©mbØv cmPv (ihw adhv sNømpw
Zln∏n°phmpap≈ ÿe߃) N´ßƒ {]Imcw ihw adhv sNømpw Zln∏n°phmpw
th≠{X hyhÿ nehnens√¶n¬ ]©mbØpIƒ°v Pn√m IfIvSdpsS ap≥Iq¿ Ap
hmZtØmsS AXnp≈ `qan ]©mbØv ^≠n¬ n∂pw sNehv sNbvXv G¿s∏SpØmhp
∂Xpw Ah D]tbmKn°p∂Xnv ]©mbØv n›bn°p∂ hmSIbpw ^okpw NpaØmhp
∂XpamWv. nehn¬ 507 {Kma]©mbØpIfn¬ s]mXpivaimw D≠v. kwÿmsØ
apgph≥ {Kma]©mbØpIfnepw ivaim߃ ÿm]n°p∂Xnv t{]m’mlsa∂ ne
bn¬ k¿°m¿ [klmbw ¬Ip∂p≠v. [klmbØnp≈ At]£Iƒ ]©mbØv
UbdIvS¿°mWv ¬tI≠Xv. s]mXpivaimw n¿Ωn°p∂Xnv ne-hn¬ 10 e£w
cq]bmWv [klmbambn AphZn°p∂Xv. ]≤Xn S∏m°p∂Xnv {Kma ]©mbØnv
kz¥ambn `qan D≠mbncnt°≠Xpw n¿ΔlWØnv hnntbmKn°mmhiyamb A[nI
XpI D≠mth≠XpamWv. CtXImcyØnv ap≥Imeßfn¬ [klmbw e`n® {Kma
]©mbØpIsf ]cnKWn°p∂X√.
{Kma ]©mbØpIfpsS ss_emIƒ°v AwKoImcw
1994 se tIcf ]©mbØv cmPv BŒntebpw at‰sX¶nepw nbaØntebpw hyhÿ
Iƒ°pw N´ßƒ°pw hnt[bambn ]©mbØpIfpsS nba]camb NpaXeIƒ ndth‰p
∂Xnv ss_emIƒ (tjm∏nwKv tImwπIvkpIƒ, s^dn k¿Δokv, {KŸimeIƒ, am¿°‰p
Iƒ, h≠nØmhfw, ]ckynIpXn, IpSnsh≈hnXcWw XpSßnbh) D≠m°mhp∂XmWv.
amXrImss_embv°v ApkrXambn {Kma ]©mbØv kanXnIƒ ]m m°p∂ ss_em
Iƒ°v AwKoImcw ¬Ip∂Xv ]©mbØv UbdŒdmWv. ss_embpsS 3 ]I¿∏pIfpw
ss_em IcSv AwKoIcn®psIm≠pw {Kma ]©mbØv kanXn ssIs°m≠ XocpamßfpsS

21. 21
]©m-bØv hIp∏v
]I¿∏pw, sk{I´dnbpsS km£y]{Xhpw, ss_e {]kn≤oIcn® tm´okns‚ km£ys∏Sp
Ønb ]I¿∏pw klnXw ]©mbØp sU]yq´n UbdIvSdpsS ip]m¿itbmSpIqSn ]©m
bØv UbIvS¿°p ka¿∏nt°≠XmWv.
D]tbmKiqyamb sI´nS߃ teew sNbvXv
s]mfn®p o°w sNøp∂Xnp≈ ApaXn
{Kma ]©mbØns‚ DSaÿXbnep≈Xpw D]tbmKiqyhpamb sI´nS߃ teew
sNbvXv s]mfn®po°w sNøp∂Xnp≈ ApaXn ¬Ip∂Xv ]©mbØv UbdŒdmWv.
{Kma ]©mbØv sk{I´dnbpsS dnt∏m¿´v, ]©mbØv kanXn Xocpamw, F¬.Fkv.Pn.Un
F©nob¿ ¬Ip∂ aqeyn¿Æb km£y]{Xw, Ime∏g°w n¿Æbn®psIm≠p≈
km£y]{Xw F∂nh ]©mbØv sU]yq´n UbdŒdpsS ip]m¿iklnXw ka¿∏nt°≠
XmWv. 1 e£w cq] hsc aqeyn¿Æbw D≈ sI´nSßfpsS teeØnv ]©mbØv
UbdIvS¿ ApaXn ¬Ip∂p. AXnepw Db¿∂ XpIbp≈hbv°v k¿°m¿ ApaXn
BhiyamWv.
hr£ßfpsS teew
{Kma]©mbØns‚ DSaÿXbnep≈ ÿeØv A]ISmhÿbn¬ nev°p∂
ac߃ teew sNbvXp apdn®pam‰p∂Xnv ]©mbØv UbdŒdmWv ApaXn ¬Ip∂Xv.
]©mbØv kanXn Xocpamw, sk{I´dnbpsS dnt∏m¿´v, hwhIp∏nse £aXbp≈
DtZymKÿ¿ ¬Inb aqeyn¿Æb km£y]{Xw F∂nh klnXw ]©mbØv sU]yq´n
UbdŒdpsS ip]m¿itbmsS At]£ ka¿∏nt°≠XmWv.
]©mbØv UbdIvStd‰nse hnhn[ sk£pIfpw
Ah ssIImcyw sNøp∂ hnjbßfpw
F sk£≥
F 1 ˛ ko‰v
F√m ]WanS]mSpIfpw, I≠nP≥kn XpIIƒ ]n≥hen°epw ¬Iepw, Cw{]Ãv,
^manen s_n^n‰v kvIow, sNehn߃ {Sjdn IW°pIfpambn dn°¨knentbj≥
Sج, ]©mbØv UbdIvStd‰nse Poh°mcpsS sI.]n.C.]n.F^v kw_‘amb
tPmenIƒ, tImSXn / klIcW ÿm]w a‰v ÿm]߃ F∂nhbv°v XpI CuSm°n
evI¬, Ap_‘ cPnÃdpIƒ kq£n°¬ apX-em-b-h.
F 2 ˛ ko‰v
]©mbØv UbdIvStd‰nse F√m tm¨ Kk‰Uv DtZymKÿcptSbpw iºf
_n√pIƒ, IpSn»nI iºf _n√pIƒ F∂nh Xømdm°pI, sse^v C≥jpd≥kv, tÉv
sse^v C≥jpd≥kv, Pd¬ t{]mhnU‚ v ^≠v, `h n¿ΩmW hmbv], tamt´m¿
ssk°nƒ AUzm≥kv F∂nhbpsS dn°hdn kw_‘n® IW°pIƒ kq£n°pI, tPmen,
iºfw, _m≤yX/_m≤yXm clnX k¿´n^n°‰pIƒ, tem¨ dn°hdn, Kk‰Uv DtZymK
ÿcpsSbpw Hm^oknse tm¨ Kk‰Uv DtZymKÿcpsSbpw bm{Xm∏Sn _n√pIƒ Xøm

22. 22
]ucm-h-Im-i-tcJ
dm°¬, Ap-_‘ cPnÃdpIƒ kq£n°¬, Pn.sF.Fkv, Biometric card, SPARK, LPC,
Kk‰Uv Hm^ok¿amcpsS Last pay bill XpSßnbh.
F 3 ˛ ko‰v
A°u≠‚ v Pdens‚ ]©mbØv UbdIvStd‰nse BUn‰pw AXv kw_‘amb
F√m XpS¿ S]SnIfpw, BZmb nIpXn, sXmgn¬ nIpXn, tIzm¿t´gvkv, tamt´m¿ ssk°nƒ
AUzm≥kv, emÃv t{KUv Poh°mcpsS s]¨a°ƒ°pff hnhml [klmbhmbv],
Poh°mcpsS Pd¬ s{]mhnU‚ v ^≠v, sI.]n.C.]n.F^v F∂nhbn¬ n∂pff ap≥Iqdp
Iƒ, hmbv]Iƒ t¢mj¿/hmbv]Iƒ°pff _n√pIƒ, ]©mbØv hIp∏nse F√m Poh
°mcpsSbpw hmbv]m At]£Iƒ kzoIcn°epw XpIbpsS Xncn®Shpw Ap-_‘ cPnÃ
dpIƒ kq£n°¬ XpSßnbh.
_n sk£≥
_n 1 ˛ ko‰v
P˛acW cPnkvt{Sj≥, hnhml cPnkvt{Sj≥ F∂nh kw_‘amb Xncph¥
]pcw, sIm√w, ]ØwXn´ Pn√Ifn¬ n∂pff ApaXn At]£Ifpw ]cmXnIfpw,
P˛acW cPnkvt{Sj≥, hnhml cPnkvt{Sj≥ F∂nh kw_‘n® nba߃, N´ßƒ
hm¿jnI dnt∏m¿´v, XpSßnb F√m s]mXphmb hnjbßfpw, ]cntim[Iƒ, {]NcWw,
skanmdpIƒ, ApImenI߃, tbmK߃ F∂nhbpw.
_n 2 ˛ ko‰v
P acW cPnkvt{Sj≥, hnhml cPnkvt{Sj≥ F∂nhbpambn _‘s∏´ ]me°mSv
ae∏pdw, tImgnt°mSv, IÆq¿, hbmSv, Imk¿tKmUv F∂o Pn√Ifnse F√m hnjbßfpw.
_n 3 ˛ ko‰v
P acW cPnkvt{Sj≥, hnhml cPnkvt{Sj≥ F∂nhbpambn _‘s∏´ Be∏pg,
tIm´bw, CSp°n, FdWmIpfw, Xriq¿ Pn√Ifnse F√m hnjbßfpw _n sk£pambn
_‘s∏´ s]mXp hnjbßfpw.
_n 4 ˛ ko‰v
]©mbØpIfpsS `cW dnt∏m¿´v Xømdm°pI, ÿnXn hnhc IW°pIƒ tiJcn
°pI, AhtemIw sNøpI apXembhbpw AXpambn _‘s∏´ cPnÃdpIƒ kq£n
°epw, sk≥kkv kw_‘amb hnjbßfpw.
kn sk£≥
kn 1 ˛ ko‰v
hr£ßfpsS teew, sI´nSßfpsS teew, N¥ teew, tjm∏nwKv tImπIvknse apdnI
fpsS teew XpSßnbh kw_‘n®v {Kma ]©mbØpIfn¬ n∂pw e`n°p∂ At]£
Ifn≥taep≈ XpS¿S]Sn, sI´nS n¿ΩmW nbaØns‚ ]cn[nbnepw a‰pap≈ ]cmXn
Ifnt∑ep≈ s]mXpS]SnIƒ, {Kma ]©mbØpIƒ°v KURDFC bn¬ n∂v hmbv] FSp
°p∂Xnv k¿°m¿ ApaXn e`yam°¬, aW¬ teehpambn _‘s∏´ hnjb߃
XpSßnbh.

23. 23
]©m-bØv hIp∏v
kn 2 ˛ ko‰v
Pemib ]pdtºm°pIfpsS nb{¥Ww kw_‘n® hnjb߃, tdmUp ]pdtºm°p
Iƒ, IpØI ]m´w, `qan hnebv°phm߬, `qan ssIam‰w F∂nh kw_‘n® S-]-Sn-
Iƒ XpS-ßn-bh.
kn 3 ˛ ko‰v
sI´nS nIpXn, sXmgn¬ nIpXn, sse{_dn skkv, sI´nS n¿ΩmW/ nb{¥W
N´ßƒ kw_‘n® S]SnIƒ, tImì tkm¨ sdKptej≥ F∂nhbpw AXpambn
_‘s∏´ hnhctiJcWhpw a‰pw.
kn 4 ˛ ko‰v
hntmZ nIpXn, ImgvN nIpXn F∂nhbpambn _‘s∏´ S]SnIƒ, Un & H,
ssek≥k,v ]n.F^v.F, Adhpime, ao‰v Ãmƒ, nbak`m ]cnÿnXn IΩn‰n, ssek≥kv,
s^dn k¿Δokv XpSßnbh.
kn 5 ˛ ko‰v
hmSI nb{¥WN´ßfpambn _‘s∏´ hnjb߃, ss_emIfpsS AwKoImcw,
]©mbØv cmPv BIvSnepw N´ßfnepapff t`ZKXnIƒ, {Kma ]©mbØpIƒ {]kn≤oIcn
°p∂ ]ucmhImi tcJIƒ tiJcn°¬, samss_¬ Sh¿, ss]XrI {]m[myapff
kzØpIƒ, πmÃn°v ntcm[w, {Kma ]©mbØpIfpsS nbahncp≤amb Xocpam߃
kw_‘n® XpS¿S]SnIƒ XpSßnbh.
kn 6 ˛ ko‰v
{Kma ]©mbØpIfpsS Bÿmam‰w, t]cv am‰w, B^okpIƒ°v ÿe kuIcyw
G¿s∏Spج, {Kma ]©mbØpIfpsS ]p¿hn`Pw, AXn¿Øn n¿Æbw, {Kma ]©m
bØpIfpsS BkvXn _m[yXIƒ Xn´s∏Spج, s]mXpacmaØv ]WnIƒ, tdmUv ssI
am‰w, s]mXpivaimw, tdmUv kpc£ XpSßnbh.
Un sk£≥
Un 1 ˛ ko‰v
tImgnt°mSv Pn√bnse Poh°m¿s°Xncmb ]cmXnIƒ, A®S° S]SnIƒ,
Ap_‘ cPnÃdpIƒ kq£n°¬, BpImenI߃, ]©mbØv UbdIvStd‰nse
Poh°m¿s°Xncmb ]cmXnIƒ, A®S° S]SnIƒ, ]©mbØv UbdIvStd‰nsebpw
]©mbØv sU]yq´n UbdIvS¿ Hm^okpIfnsebpw ]©mbØv Akn v UbdIvS¿
Hm^okpIfnsebpw {]Xnamk {]h¿Øw hnebncpج, _nknkv tÉvsa‚ v, {]h¿
ØmhtemIw XpSßnbh.
Un 2 ˛ ko‰v
FdWmIpfw, Xriq¿, Pn√Ifnse ]©mbØv hIp∏v Poh°m¿s°Xncmb ]cmXn
Iƒ, A®S° S]SnIƒ, Ap_‘ cPnÃdpIƒ kq£n°¬ XpS-ßn-bh.
Un 3 ˛ ko‰v
Xncph¥]pcw Pn√bnse ]©mbØv hIp∏v Poh°m¿s°Xncmb ]cmXnIƒ,
A®S° S]SnIƒ Ap_‘ cPnÃdpIƒ kq£n°¬ XpS-ßn-bh.

24. 24
]ucm-h-Im-i-tcJ
Un 4 ˛ ko‰v
ae∏pdw, ]me°mSv Pn√Ifnse ]©mbØv hIp∏v Poh°m¿s°Xncmb ]cmXnIƒ,
A®S° S]SnIƒ, Ap_‘ cPnÃdpIƒ kq£n°¬ XpS-ßn-bh.
Un 5 ˛ ko‰v
tIm´bw Pn√bnse ]©mbØv hIp∏v Poh°m¿s°Xncmb ]cmXnIƒ, A®S°
S]SnIƒ, Ap_‘ cPnÃdpIƒ kq£n°¬ XpS-ßn-bh.
Un 6 ˛ ko‰v
]ØwXn´, hbmSv Pn√Ifnse Poh°m¿s°Xncmb A®S° S]SnIƒ,
Ap_‘ cPnÃdpIƒ kq£n°¬ XpS-ßn-bh.
Un 7 ˛ ko‰v
sIm√w Pn√bnse Poh°m¿s°Xncmb A®S° S]SnIƒ, Ap_‘ cPnÃdpIƒ
kq£n°¬ XpS-ßn-bh.
Un 8 ˛ ko‰v
CSp°n, IÆq¿ Pn√Ifnse Poh°m¿s°Xncmb A®S°S]SnIƒ, Ap_‘
cPnÃdpIƒ kq£n°¬ XpS-ßn-bh.
Un9 ˛ ko‰v
Be∏pg, Imk¿tKmUv Pn√Ifnse Poh°m¿s°Xncmb A®S° S]SnIƒ,
Ap_‘ cPnÃdpIƒ kq£n°¬ XpS-ßn-bh.
C sk£≥
C 1 ˛ ko‰v
kvs]jy¬ t{KUv sk{I´dn, ]ªnkn‰n Hm^ok¿ XkvXnIIfnse Poh°mcpsS
nbaw, ÿew am‰w, kontbmdn‰n Dƒs∏sSbpff F√m tkh Imcyßfpw hyh
lmcßfpw Ap_‘ cPnÃdpIƒ kq£n°epw a‰pw.
C 2 ˛ ko‰v
Pqnb¿ kq{]≠v, sebvk¨ Hm^ok¿ F∂o XkvXnIIfnse Poh°mcpsS
nbaw, ÿew am‰w, kontbmdn‰n Dƒs∏sSbpff F√m tkh Imcyßfpw Ap_‘
cPnÃdpIƒ kq£n°epw a‰pw.
C 3 ˛ ko‰v
slUv ¢m¿°v XkvXnIbnse Poh°mcpsS nbaw, ÿew am‰w, kontbmdn‰n
Dƒs∏sSbp≈ F√m tkh Imcyßfpw Ap_‘cPnÃdpIƒ kq£n°epw a‰pw.
C 4 ˛ ko‰v
bp.Un ¢m¿°v XkvXnIbnse nbaw, ÿew am‰w XpSßnbh.
C 5 ˛ ko‰v
bp.Un. ¢m¿°v XkvXnIbnepff Poh°mcpsS nbaw, ÿew am‰w F∂nh
HgnsIbpff bp.Un ¢m¿°pamcpsS tkhImcyßfpw kontbmdn‰n F∂nhbpw HutZym
KnI `mj kw_‘n® S]SnIfpw a‰pw.

25. 25
]©m-bØv hIp∏v
C 6 ˛ ko‰v
F¬.Un ¢m¿°v XkvXnIbnse nbaw, ÿew am‰w F∂nh kw_‘n® S]SnIfpw
kontbmdn‰n HgnsIbpff tkhImcyßfpw a‰pw.
C 7 ˛ ko‰v
]©mbØv hIp∏nse Poh°mcpsS tkh Imcyw kw_‘n® S]-Sn-Iƒ,
nthZ߃, XpS¿ AphmZw, B{inX nbaw, a‰p ko‰pIfnte°v n¿t±in®n´n√mØ
Poh°msc kw_‘n® F√m tkh Imcyßfpw. a‰p hIp∏pIfn¬ n∂papff F©n
obdnwKv hn`mKØn¬s∏´Xpw A√mØXpamb Poh°mcpsS ]p¿hnymkhpw a‰pw.
C 8 ˛ ko‰v
{Kma ]©mbØv sk{I´dn XkvXnIbnse nbaw, ÿew am‰w, kontbmdn‰n,
Dƒs∏sSbpff F√m tkh Imcyßfpw Ap_‘ cPnÃdpIƒ kq£n°epw a‰pw.
C 9 ˛ ko‰v
sset{_dnb≥, gvkdn kvIqƒ So®¿, kmn´dn C≥kvs]IvS¿, Bb, anUvssh^v,
gvknwKv Akn v, ^m¿aknÃv, I≠nP‚ v Poh°m¿ F∂nhcpsS nbaw, ÿew
am‰w, kontbmdn‰n Dƒs∏sSbpff tkh Imcy߃, Fkv.kn / Fkv.‰n hn`mKØnepff
hcpsS nbaw kw_‘n®v {]Xnamk/hm¿jnI AhtemI dnt∏m¿´v XpS-ßnbh.
C 10 ˛ ko‰v
tIm¨^nU≥jy¬ Akn v, s^b¿ tIm∏n kq{]≠v, ssS∏nÃv, ss{Uh¿, ]yq¨
F∂nhcpsS nbaw, ÿew am‰w, kontbmdn‰n Dƒs∏sSbpff F√m tkh Imcyßfpw
a‰p ko‰pIfn¬ NpaXes∏SpØnbn´n√mØ Poh°mcpsS tkh Imcyßfpw.
C 11 ˛ ko‰v
]©mbØv hIp∏nse Kk‰Uv hn`mKw DtZymKÿcpsS tkhImcy߃, Ap_‘
cPnÃdpIƒ kq£n°¬, Un.]n.kn tbmK߃ XpS-ßnbh.
C 12 ˛ ko‰v
UbdIvStd‰nse F¬.Un ¢m¿°v, bp.Un ¢m¿°v F∂nhcpsS nbaw, eohv AphZn
°¬, C≥{Insa‚ v, lb¿ t{KUv, k¿Δokv cPnÿ kq£n°¬ a‰p tkh Imcy߃,
AUvannkvt{Sj≥ dnt∏m¿´v Xømdm°p∂Xnv FÃmªnjvsa‚pambn _‘s∏´ hnhc߃
Xømdm°¬, ]pXnb XkvXnI krjvSn°¬ kw_‘n® S]SnIƒ. IqSmsX F¬.Un
¢m¿°v XkvXnIbpsS kontbmdn‰n enÃv Xømdm°¬, {]tamj≥ enÃv Xømdm°¬,
Ce£≥ tPmenIƒ, "C' sk£pambn _‘s∏´ a‰p s]mXp hnjb߃.
C 13 ˛ ko‰v
A°u≠‚pamcpsS nbaw, ÿew am‰w, kontbmdn‰n, hyhlmc߃ Dƒs∏sS
bpff F√m tkh Imcyßfpw Ap-_‘ cPn-Ã-dp-Iƒ kq£n°epw a‰pw.

26. 26
]ucm-h-Im-i-tcJ
F^v skIvj≥
F^v 1 ˛ ko‰v
]©mbØv hIp∏ns‚ _UvP‰v, AUojW¬ HmXssdtkj≥, ^≠ns‚ ]p¿
hnntbmKw, kd≠¿ Hm^v tkhnwKvkv, shbvkv B‚ v ao≥kv, k_vPIv‰v IΩn‰n, FÃnta‰v
IΩn‰n F∂nhbv°pff tm´v Xømdm°epw, Ap_‘ {]h¿Øßfpw, Atem´vsa‚ v
cPnÃdpIƒ FgpXn kq£n°¬, tI{μ/kwÿm [Imcy IΩoj≥ kw_‘n® hnjb
߃ ss^m≥kv sk£pambn _‘s∏´ s]mXp hnjb߃, F^v sk£-nse a‰v
ko‰pIƒ°v NpaXe evImØ hnjb߃ XpSßnbh.
F^v 2 ˛ ko‰v
]©mbØv hIp∏nse F√m Poh°mcpsSbpw saUn°¬ do˛Cwt]gvkvsa‚ v, {Kma
]©mbØpIƒ°p≈ sabn‚≥kv ^≠v, sdbn¬sh seh¬ t{ImknwKv {Km‚ v, ]©mb
ØpIƒ°pff hmbv]Iƒ, {Kma ]©mbØpIƒ KWA bv°v evtI≠ XpI kw_‘n
®pff S]SnIƒ, cPnÃdpIƒ kq£n°¬, {Kma ]©mbØpIfnse hnhn[ tdmUpIfpsS
hnhctiJcWw XpSßnbh.
F^v 3 ˛ ko‰v
πm≥ / tm¨ πm≥ CØn¬ e`n°p∂ {Km‚pIfpsS hchv sNehv, ]ªnIv A°u
≠vkv IΩn‰n dnt∏m¿´v, ]≤XntbXc {Km‚ v / a‰v ^≠pIfpsS do I¨knentbj≥
kw_‘n®pff F√m S]SnIfpw cPnÃdpIƒ FgpXn kq£n°epw, Pd¬ ]¿∏kv
^≠v kw_‘amb S]SnIfpw a‰pw.
Pn sk£≥
Pn 1 ˛ ko‰v
{Kma ]©mbØpIfpsS ^≠n¬ n∂pff sNehphmZw, tIm¨^d≥kpIfpw ao‰nw
KpIfpw, temI _m¶v klmbtØmsS S∏nem°nb kmnt‰j≥ ]≤XnIfpsS XpS¿
S]Sn, {Kma ]©mbØpIfnse hmlßfpsS teew, kzcmPv `h≥, amthen tÃmdpIƒ,
tIkp-I-fpsS S-Øn-∏nv nb-tam-]-tZ-jvSm-°ƒ°v ^okv ¬Ip-∂-Xn-p≈ AwKo-Imc
S-]-Sn-Iƒ apX-embh.
Pn 2 ˛ ko‰v
{Kma ]©mbØpIfpsS nIpXn ]ncnhv AhtemIw, hm¿jnI [Imcy ]{XnI,
Unam‚ v & If£≥ tÉvsa‚ v, nbak`m tNmZyßfpsS hnXcWw, cPnÿ kq£n°¬,
nIpXn ]ncnhpambn _‘s∏´ BpImenI߃, ]©mbØp ZnmtLmjw, anI® ]©m
bØns sXcs™Sp°¬, tdmUv tdmfdpIƒ, Pn sk£nse a‰v ko‰pIƒ°p evIn
bn´n√mØ s]mXpImcy߃, kpman, t^m¿ πkv Imºbn≥, tkmjy¬ dnbmen‰n tjm,
]©m-bØv hIp∏v ]ucm-h-Imi tcJ XpSßnbh.
Pn 3 ˛ ko‰v
]©mbØv UbdŒtd‰nte°p≈ tÃjdn km[߃, ^md߃, cPnÃdpIƒ,
a‰v D]IcW߃ F∂nhbpsS hmßepw hnXcWhpw, D]tbmKiqyamb km[kma{Kn
Iƒ ssIsbmgn°¬, B^okv sI´nSw, sSent^m¨, ^mIvkv, Iºyq´¿, Ap_‘hnjb
߃, B^okv sdt°m¿UpIfpsS kq£n∏pw ssIImcyhpw, hml߃ kw_‘n®
Imcy߃, tÃm¿ ]¿t®kv kw_‘n® hnjb߃, kn.-bp.-Pn. knwIm¿Uv XpSßnbh.

27. 27
]©m-bØv hIp∏v
F®v sk£≥
F®v 1 ˛ ko‰v
]©mbØv UbdIvSdpsS B^okn¬ n∂v hncan°p∂ DtZymKÿcpsSbpw Xncp
h¥]pcw, sIm√w, tImgnt°mSv Pn√Ifn¬ Kk‰Uv XkvXnIIfn¬ n∂v hncan°p∂
hcpsSbpw s]≥j≥ kw_-‘n® S]SnIƒ, Ap_‘ cPnÃdpIƒ kq£n°¬ XpS
ßnbh.
F®v 2 ˛ ko‰v
]me°mSv, hbmSv, Be∏pg Pn√Ifn¬ Kk‰Uv XkvXnIIfn¬ n∂v hncan°p∂
Poh°mcpsS s]≥j≥ kw_-‘n® S]SnIƒ, Ap_‘ cPnÃdpIƒ kq£n°¬.,
{Kma]©mbØpIfn¬ tkhapjvTn°p∂ Poh°mcpsS s]≥j≥ tIm¨{Sn_yqj≥
XpI HSp°nbXv kw_‘n® hnhc߃, dn´b¿ sNøp∂ Poh°mcpsS hnhc߃, s]≥
j≥ sk£nse a‰pko‰pIsf NpaXes∏SpØnbn´n√mØ tPmenIƒ, Ap_‘ cPn
ÃdpIƒ kq£n°¬ XpSßnbh.
F®v 3 ˛ ko‰v
CSp°n, Xriq¿, IÆq¿, Imk¿tKmUv Pn√Ifnse Kk‰Uv XkvXnIIfn¬ n∂v
hncan°p∂hcpsS s]≥j≥ kw_-‘n® S]SnIƒ. Ap_‘ cPnÃdpIƒ kq£n°¬
XpSßnbh.
F®v 4 ˛ ko‰v
]ØwXn´, tIm´bw, FdWmIpfw, ae∏pdw Pn√Ifnse Kk‰Uv XkvXnIIfn¬
n∂v hncan°p∂hcpsS s]≥j≥ kw_-‘n® S]SnIƒ, Ap_‘ cPnÃdpIƒ kq£n
°¬ XpSßnbh.
sP sk£≥
sP 1 ˛ ko‰v
hntI{μoIrXmkq{XWw, ]≤Xn cq]oIcWw, ]ptcmKXn AhtemIw, hnIk {]h¿
Øßfpambn _‘s∏´ IΩn‰nIƒ, kwÿmXe I¨kƒt´‰ohv IΩn‰n kw_‘n®
hnjb߃, ]≤Xn XpI hnXcWhpw hnntbmKhpw, {Kma ]©mbØpIfpsS hm¿jnI
]≤XnIfpsS hnhcw tiJcn°¬, BkvXn cPnÿ, k¿Δin£m A`nbm≥, km¥z
NnIn’, GIPmeIw XpSßnbh.
sP 2 ˛ ko‰v
tI{μmhnjvIrX ]≤XnIƒ, D]m[nclnX ^≠v, Im¿jnI sXmgn¬Zm ]≤XnIƒ,
`h n¿ΩmW ]≤XnIƒ, knUvtIm, _n.]n.F¬ k¿tΔ, km£-c-X XpSßnbh.
sP 3 ˛ ko‰v
]©m-bØv s]mXp sXc-s™-Sp-∏v, {]kn-U‚ v, sshkv {]kn-U‚ v, Ãm‚nwKv IΩn‰n
sXc-s™-Sp-∏p-Iƒ, ]©m-bØv {]kn-U‚p-am-scbpw `c-W-k-an-Xn-sbbpw kw_-‘n® hnh-
c-߃ Xøm-dm-°p-I, Pn√m ]©m-bØwK-ß-fpsS kzØp-hn-h-cw, {Kma/tªm°v/Pn√m ]©m-
bØv P-{]-Xn-n-[n-I-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´ s]mXp-hn-j-b-߃, Pn√m Bkq-{XW kan-Xn,
s]mXp-{]-h¿ØI Agn-aXn ntcm-[-w, {Kma ]©m-bØv {]kn-U‚ v, sshkv {]kn-U‚ v,
Ãm‚nwKv IΩn‰n sNb¿am≥, AwK-߃ F∂n-h¿s°-Xn-sc-bp≈ Agn-aXn Btcm-]-W-߃,
Fw.F≥.-B¿.-C.-Pn.-Fkv XpS-ßn-b-h.

28. 28
]ucm-h-Im-i-tcJ
sP 4 ˛ ko‰v
B¿.-sF.-Un.-F^v ]≤XnIƒ, kmaqly kpc£nXXz ]≤XnIfpw t£a s]≥j
pIfpw, IpSpw_{io, kºq¿Æ km£cX, kmaqlyt£aw, hnXm inipt£aw, AwK
hmSnIƒ F∂nh kw_‘n® NpaXeIƒ, 11 C]cn]mSnIƒ, hw, RSBY, AABY, NABARD
XpSßnbh.
sP 5 ˛ ko‰v
Iºyq´¿h¬°cWw, `cW]cnjv°mchpambn _‘s∏´ hnjb߃ BtcmKy
ipNnXz ]≤XnIƒ, {^≠m^okv amtPvsa‚ v, MGP, NRHM, Jcameny kwkvIcWw
XpSßnbh..
sP 6 ˛ ko‰v
hntI-{μo-IrXmkq{XW ]≤Xnbpambn _‘s∏´v Xncph¥]pcw apX¬ FdWmIpfw
hscbp≈ 7 Pn√Ifnse ]cmXnIfpw nbak`m kanXnbpambn _‘s∏´ hnjbßfpw
{]kvXpX Pn√Ifnse ]≤Xn {]h¿ØßfpsS `uXnI-]ptcmKXn hnhc߃ Xømdm°n
kq£n°¬, {]kvXpX Pn√Ifnse {]tXyImpaXn°p≈ At]£Iƒ, kvt]m¿Svkv &
bqØv sh¬s^b¿, ^njdokv, tIctfm¬khw, £ochnIkw, arKkwc£Ww XpS
ßnbh.
sP 7 ˛ ko‰v
hntI-{μo-IrXmkq{XW ]≤Xnbpambn _‘s∏´v Xr»q¿ apX¬ Imk¿tKmUv hsc
bp≈ 7 Pn√Ifnse ]cmXnIfpw nbak`mkanXnbpambn _‘s∏´ hnjbßfpw
{]kvXpX Pn√Ifnse ]≤Xn{]h¿ØßfpsS `uXnI ]ptcmKXn hnhc߃ Xømdm°n
kq£n°¬, {]tXyImpaXn°p≈ At]£Iƒ, kmwkvImcnI ÿm]߃, [¿Ω
ÿm]߃, hnZym`ymk ÿm]߃, IpSn-sh≈ ]≤XnIƒ, Poh°mcpsS/P{]Xn
n[nIfpsS ]cnioew, sF.Fw.Pn, `qK¿`Pew XpSßnb hnjbßfpw.
F¬ sk£≥
F¬ 1 ˛ ko‰v
tImSXntIkpIƒ kw_‘amb S]SnIƒ, Ap_‘ cPnÃdpIƒ kq£n°pI,
em Hm^ok¿ n¿t±in°p∂ ^bepIƒ ssIImcyw sNøpI, hnhn[ nbak`m kanXn
Iƒ°p≈ adp]Sn, GtIm]w XpSßnbh.
BUn‰v tamWn´dnwKv sk¬ (Fw)
Fw 1 ˛ ko‰v
nbak`bpsS tem°¬ ^≠v A°u≠vkv IΩn‰n kw_‘amb F√m hnjbßfpw
BUn‰v kw_‘amb a‰p s]mXphnjbßfpw.
Fw 2 ˛ ko‰v
Ct‚W¬ BUn‰v, {Kma]©mbØpIsf kw_‘n®p≈ kn & F.-PnbpsS dnt∏m¿´p-
Ifn≥ta¬ XpS¿S]SnIƒ, BUn‰v tamWn‰dnwKv IΩ‰nIƒ, XpS¿S]SnIƒ XpSßnbh..
Fw 3 ˛ ko‰v
k¿°mcns‚ [Imcy hIp∏v ]cntim[mhn`mKw {Kma]©mbØpIfn¬ SØp∂
]cntim[IfpsS dnt∏m¿´nt∑ep≈ S]Sn, tÃm¿ ]¿t®kv Un∏m¿´vsa‚ v {Kma-]©mb
ØpIfn¬ SØp∂ C≥kvs]£≥ dnt∏m¿´nt∑-ep≈ XpS¿S]SnIƒ, {Kma-]©mbØp

29. 29
]©m-bØv hIp∏v
IfpsS hm¿jnI [Imcy]{XnI F¬.-F^v.Fbv°p ka¿∏n°¬, hnhctiJcWw, BUn‰v
tIkpIƒ, ]cmXnIƒ XpS-ßn-bh.
Fw 4 ˛ ko‰v
tem°¬ ^≠v BUn‰v dnt∏m¿´pIfn≥ta¬ XpS¿S]SnIƒ kzoIcn°pI, Nm¿Pv /
k¿Nm¿Pv tm´okv/km£y]{Xw XpS¿S]Sn kzoIcn°¬, cPnÿ kq£n°¬, dhyq
dn°hdn hgn XpI CuSm°nbXv kw_‘n® hnhc߃, {Kma]©mbØpIfnse BUn‰v
H_vP£≥ km[qIcWw kw_‘n®p≈ At]£Iƒ, {Kma]©mbØpIfpsS BUn‰v
XS ߃°v k¿°mcn¬ n∂pw km[qIcWw e`n°p∂Xnp≈ s{]mt∏mkepIfn¬
XpS¿S]Sn kzoIcn°¬, Pn√m˛kwÿm BUn‰v tamWn´dnwKv IΩ‰n XpSßnbh.
Fw 5 ˛ ko‰v
A°u≠‚ v Pdens‚ BUn‰v dnt∏m¿´pIƒ, s]¿t^ma≥kv BUn‰v dnt∏m¿´pIƒ,
kn & F.PnbpsS Xt±ikzbw`cW ÿm]ßsfkw_‘n® kamlrX dnt∏m¿´v, BUn‰v
Nm¿Pv F∂nhbn¬ XpS¿S]Sn kzoIcn°¬, BUn‰v sk£nse a‰p ko‰pIsf NpaXe
s∏SpØnbn´n√mØ hnjb߃ XpS-ßn-bh.
]n sk£≥
]n 1 ˛ ko‰v
]ªnkn‰n Hm^okdpsS NpaXeIfn¬ klmbn°pI. ]©mbØv cmPv, ]©mbØv
ssKUv {]kn≤oIcWhpambn _‘s∏´ S-]-Sn-Iƒ, cPnÃdpIƒ kq£n°¬ XpS-ßnbh.
]n 2 ˛ ko‰v
hnhcmhImi nba-{]Imcw e`n°p∂ At]£Ifnt∑ep≈ S]SnIƒ, ^b¬ AZmeØv,
]ªnkn‰n Hm^okdpsS NpaXeIfn¬ klmbn°pI XpSßnbh.
]n.-F^v sk£≥
]n.F^v 1 ˛ ko‰v
IÆq¿, Imk¿tKmUv Pn√Ifnse ]©mbØv hIp∏v Poh°mcpsS ]n.-F^v
kw_‘amb tPmenIƒ, Ap-_‘ cPnÃdpIƒ kq£n°¬ XpSßnbh.
]n.F^v 2 ˛ ko‰v
ae∏pdw Pn√bnse ]©mbØv hIp∏v Poh°mcpsS ]n.F^v kw_‘amb tPmen
Iƒ, Ap_‘ cPnÃdpIƒ kq£n°¬ XpS-ßn-bh.
]n.F^v 3 ˛ ko‰v
tIm´bw Pn√bnse ]©mbØv hIp∏v Poh°mcpsS ]n.F^v kw_‘amb tPmen
Iƒ, Ap_‘ cPnÃdpIƒ kq£n°¬ XpS-ßn-bh.
]n.F^v 4 ˛ ko‰v
Xncph¥]pcw Pn√bnse ]©mbØv hIp∏v Poh°mcpsS ]n.F^v. kw_‘amb
tPmenIƒ, Ap_‘ cPnÃdpIƒ kq£n°¬ XpS-ßn-bh.
]n.F^v 5 ˛ ko‰v
Xriq¿ Pn√bnse ]©mbØv hIp∏v Poh°mcpsS ]n.F^v. kw_‘amb tPmen
Iƒ, Ap_‘ cPnÃdpIƒ kq£n°¬ XpS-ßn-bh.

30. 30
]ucm-h-Im-i-tcJ
]n.F^v 6 ˛ ko‰v
sIm√w Pn√bnse ]©mbØv hIp∏v Poh°mcpsS ]n.F^v. kw_‘amb tPmen
Iƒ, A°u≠‚ v Pdepambp≈ IW°pIƒ, ]n.F^nse a‰v ko‰pIfn¬ evInbn´n
√mØ hnjb߃ XpS-ßn-bh.
]n.F^v 7 ˛ ko‰v
tImgnt°mSv, hbmSv Pn√Ifnse ]©mbØv hIp∏v Poh°mcpsS ]n.-F^v kw_‘
amb tPmenIƒ, Ap_‘ cPnÃdpIƒ kq£n°¬ XpS-ßn-bh.
]n.F^v 8 ˛ ko‰v
FdWmIpfw Pn√bnse ]©mbØv hIp∏v Poh°mcpsS ]n.-F^v kw_‘amb
tPmenIƒ, Ap_‘ cPnÃdpIƒ kq£n°¬ XpS-ßn-bh.
]n.F^v 9 ˛ ko‰v
CSp°n Pn√bnse ]©mbØv hIp∏v Poh°mcpsS ]n.F^v kw_‘amb tPmenIƒ,
Ap_‘ cPnÃdpIƒ kq£n°¬ XpS-ßn-bh.
]n.F^v 10 ˛ ko‰v
Be∏pg Pn√bnse ]©mbØv hIp∏v Poh°mcpsS ]n.-F^v kw_‘amb tPmen
Iƒ, Ap_‘ cPnÃdpIƒ kq£n°¬ XpS-ßn-bh.
]n.F^v 11 ˛ ko‰v
]me°mSv Pn√bnse ]©mbØv hIp∏v Poh°mcpsS ]n.-F^v kw_‘amb tPmen
Iƒ, Ap_‘ cPnÃdpIƒ kq£n°¬ XpS-ßn-bh.
]n.F^v 12 ˛ ko‰v
]ØwXn´ Pn√bnse ]©mbØv hIp∏v Poh°mcpsS ]n.-F^v kw_‘amb
tPmenIƒ, Ap_‘ cPnÃdpIƒ kq£n°¬ XpS-ßn-bh.
s^b¿tIm∏n sk£≥ (F^v.kn.)
s^b¿tIm∏n ˛ ko‰v 1
IØpIfpw X]m¬ Dcp∏SnIfpw ta¬ hnemk°m¿°v bYmhn[n Abbv°pI, Ap-
_‘ cPnÃdpIƒ kq£n°¬ XpS-ßn-bh.
s^b¿tIm∏n ˛ ko‰v 2
IØpIfpw Dcp∏SnIfpw ta¬hnemk°m¿°v bYmhn[n Abbv°pI, Ap-_‘
cPnÃdpIƒ IrXyambn FgpXn kq£n°¬ XpSßnbh.
s^b¿tIm∏n kq{]-≠ns‚ ta¬tm-´-Øn¬ IØp-I-fp-sSbpw tcJ-I-fp-sSbpw s^b¿
tIm∏n Xøm-dm-°p-∂-Xnv ssS∏nwKv hn`mKw {]h¿Øn-°p-∂p.
Unk{Sn_yqj≥ ˛ ko‰v 1
X]men¬ º¿ ]Xn®p cPnÃdn¬ tN¿Øp bYm-k-abw sk£pIfn¬ ¬IpI,
cPnÃdpIƒ kq£n°pI XpS-ßn-bh-.
Unkv{Sn_yqj≥ ˛ ko‰v 2
X]men¬ º¿ ]Xn®p cPnÃdn¬ tN¿Øp bYm-k-abw sk£pIfn¬ ¬IpI,
cPnÃdpIƒ kq£n°pI XpS-ßn-bh-.
C.Pn. ko‰v (F®v. 4)
C˛KthW≥kpambn _‘s∏´ F√m Imcyßfpw.

31. 31
]©m-bØv hIp∏v
]©m-bØv Ub-d-IvS-td‰v
Hm^okv: 0471-˛2321054
^mIvkv: 0471-˛2321350, 0471-˛2321280, 2323286, 2321053
C˛-sa-bn¬: directorofpanchayat@gmail.com
Hm^okv hkXn
sI.-B¿. apc-fo-[-c≥, sF.-F.-F-kv. 0471-˛2323286 0471˛2313446
]©mbØv Ub-d-IvS¿
(A-∏-te‰v AtXm-dn‰n, hnh-cm-h-Imi nb-aw) 94471832
Cu∏≥ {^m≥knkv 0471-˛2321350 0471˛2726526
AUojW¬ ]©mbØv Ub-d-IvS¿ C˛sabn¬: addldp@lsgkerala.gov.in
sP. kZm--μ≥ 0471-˛2321053 0471˛2222109
tPmbn‚ v Ub-d-IvS¿ (`cW hn`m-Kw) & C˛sabn¬: jddj.dp@gmail.com
kwÿm ]ªnIv C≥^¿ta-j≥ Hm^o-k¿
tXmakv cmP≥ 0471-˛2321054 0481-˛2574016
tPmbn‚ v Ub-d-IvS¿ (hnI-k hn`m-Kw)
Fw. keom _ohn 0471-˛2321056 9495365315
kon-b¿ ^nm≥kv Hm^o-k¿
ko¿ lpssk≥. F®v 0471-˛2321038 9249103530
em Hm^o-k¿ C˛sabn¬: nazeerhuz@gmail.com
F.-sI. ssieP 0471-˛2321280 0481-˛2570005
sU]yq´n No^v cPn-kv{Sm¿ C˛sabn¬: crker.dp@gmail.com
Fkv. qlp 0471-˛2321054 9495482459
AUvan-n-kvt{S-‰ohv Akn-Â v
sI. A¿÷p≥ 0471-˛2461043 9446555006
A°u≠vkv Hm^o-k¿ C˛-sa-bn¬: aokpepf@gmail.com
Pn. lcn-Ir-jvW≥ 0471-˛2321053 0471-˛2356555
]ªn-kn‰n Hm^o-k¿ C˛-sa-bn¬: pub.off@gmail.com
ta¬hn-emkw :
]©m-bØv Ub-d-IvS-td‰v
]ªnIv B^okv _n¬UnwKvkv
ayqknbw ]n.-H.
Xncp-h--¥-]pcw ˛ 695033

32. 32
]ucm-h-Im-i-tcJ
Pn√m B^okpIƒ
]©mbØv sU]yq´n UbdIvS¿
]©mbØv hIp∏n¬ Pn√mXeØn¬ ]©mbØv sU]yq´n UbdŒdpsS Hm^okv
{]h¿Øn°p∂p. Pn√bnse {Kma ]©mbØpIfpsS {]h¿ØßfpsS s]mXphmb ta¬
tm´w hln°pI, {]h¿Ø߃°v Bhiyamb am¿§n¿t±i߃ ¬IpI F∂o
{][mNpaXeIƒ IqSmsX Xmsg]dbp∂ NpaXeIfpw ]©mbØv sU]yq´n UbdIvS¿
n¿Δln°p∂p.
✠ {Kma ]©mbØpIƒ°v k¿°m¿ AphZn°p∂ hnIk ^≠v, sabn‚≥kv
^≠v, s]mXp Bhiy^≠v apXemb ^≠pIƒ bYmkabw {Kma ]©mbØp
IfpsS {Sjdn A°u≠nte°v se‰¿ Hm^v AtXmdn‰n aptJ ¬IpI, ]≤Xn
{]h¿ØßfpsS ]ptcmKXn AhtemIw sNøpI.
✠ ]©mbØnse sk{I´dnamcpsSbpw Poh°mcpsSbpw HutZymKnI {]h¿Ø
߃ hnebncpØpI, am¿§n¿t±i߃ ¬IpI, ÿew am‰ßƒ S∏m°pI,
apXembh.
✠ P˛acW cPnkvt{Sj≥ nbaØnpw N´ßƒ°pw ApkrXambn Pn√m
cPnkv{SmdpsS NpaXe n¿Δln°pI.
✠ 2008˛se tIcf hnhml߃ cPnÿ sNø¬ (s]mXp) N´ßƒ {]Imcw hnhml
(s]mXp) cPnkv{Sm¿ Pdens‚ NpaXeIƒ n¿Δln°pI.
✠ {Kma ]©mbØpIƒ s]mXp BhiyØnmbn ÿew hnebvs°Sp°ptºmƒ AXv
]cntim[n®v ÿeØns‚ AptbmPyX km£ys∏SpØpI.
✠ hnhcmhImi nba{]Imcw {Kma ]©mbØpIfpsSbpw Un.Un.]n. B^okns‚
bpw A∏o¬ A[nImcnbmbn {]h¿Øn°pI.
✠ Pn√mXe IqSnbmtemN kanXnbpsS I¨hodmbn {]h¿Øn°pI.
✠ Pn√mXe BUn‰v tamWn´dnwKv IΩn‰nbpsS I¨hodmbn {]h¿Øn°pI.
NpaXem n¿ΔlWØn¬ ]©mbØv sU]yq´n UbdIvSsd, ]©mbØv Akn v
UbdIvS¿, s]¿t^ma≥kv BUn‰v kq∏¿sshk¿am¿, Pqnb¿ kq{]≠pam¿ XpSßnb
DtZymKÿ¿ klmbn°p∂p.

33. 33
]©m-bØv hIp∏v
]©mbØv sU]yq´n UbdŒdpsS B^okn¬ n∂pw
]uc-∑m¿°v e`n-°p∂ tkh--߃
{Ia e`n°p∂
n_‘Iƒ ^okv
nbaw/
w. tkhw N´ßƒ
1. Pw cPnÿ sNøp
∂Xnp≈ ApaXn
(30 ZnhkØnp≈n¬
cPnÿ sNøphm≥
IgnbmXncp∂h Hcp
h ¿ j Ø n p ≈ n ¬
cPnÿ sNømp≈
ApaXn)
Xmsg]dbp∂ tcJIƒ klnXw
tem°¬ cPnkv{Sm¿ aptJ At]£
ka¿∏n°Ww.
1. P dnt∏m¿´vv˛ 2 ]I¿∏v
2. kXyhmMvaqew (Kk‰Uv Hm^ok¿/
tm´dn ]ªnIv apºmsI H∏n´v km£y
s∏SpØnbXv)
3. P kabsØ ta¬hnemkw sXfn
bn°p∂ tcJ.
4. bYmkabw cPnÿ sNømXncp∂Xn
p≈ ImcWw hy‡am°nbpw cPnÿ
sNøm≥ ApaXn tXSnbpw sIm≠p≈
At]£.
5. tm¨ Ash-bvse-_n-en‰n k¿´n
^n-°‰v.
6. AtzjW dnt∏m¿´v ip]m¿i
klnXw tem°¬ cPnkv{Sm¿ ka¿∏n
°Ww.
(Bhiyamb t^md߃ {Kma ]©mb
Øm^okn¬ e`n°pw).
A t ] £
bn¬ 5 cq]
bpsS tIm¿´v
^o Ãmºv
]Xn°Ww.
A p a X n
e`n®tijw
{Kma ]©m
b Ø n ¬
A©v cq]
te‰v ^o
HSp°Ww.
tIcf
P--˛-
a-cW
cPn-kvt{S-j≥
N´-߃
1999
2. P cPnÃdn¬ t]cp
tN¿°p∂Xnp≈
ApaXn. (P cPn
Ãdnsebpw kvIqƒ
tcJbnsebpw P
XobXnIƒ XΩn¬
]ØpamkØne[nIw
hyXymkap≈ kw`h
ßfn¬ am{Xw)
_‘s∏´ tem°¬ cPnkv{Sm¿ aptJ
ka¿∏nt°≠ tcJIƒ:˛
1. P cPnÃdn¬ t]cptN¿°p∂Xnp
th≠nbp≈ amXm]nXm°fpsS
At]£ (n›nX amXrIbn¬).
2. kvIqƒ tcJbpsS ]I¿∏v.
3. Pn® Ip´n-I-fpsS P--Xo-b-Xnbpw
P--{I-ahpw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ønb n›nX
amXr-I-bn-ep≈ amXm-]n-Xm-°-fpsS kXy-
hm-Mvaqew.
4. Pn√m cPnkv{Sm¿°p≈ At]£.
5. P--{I-a-Øn¬ ImWn-®n-´p≈ P
XobXn sXfn-bn-°p-∂-Xnv P k¿´n-
^n-°-‰v, kvIqƒ tcJ, Bip-]{Xn tcJ,
tdj≥ Im¿Uv apX-em-b-h-bn¬ GXn-s‚-
sb-¶nepw H∂ns‚ km£y-s∏-Sp-Ønb
]I¿∏v.
6. tem°¬ cPnkv{SmdpsS hniZamb
AtzjW dnt∏m¿´pw ip]m¿ibpw
(t^md߃ {Kma ]©mbØv Hm^o
kn¬ e`n°pw).
A t ] £
bn¬ 5 cq]
bpsS tIm¿´v
^o Ãmºv
]Xn°Ww.
A p a X n
e`n®tijw
{Kma ]©m
b Ø n ¬
A©v cq]
te‰v ^o
HSp°Ww.
tIcf
P--˛-
a-cW
cPn-kvt{S-j≥
N´-߃
1999

34. 34
]ucm-h-Im-i-tcJ
3. acWw cPnÿ sNøp
∂Xnp≈ ApaXn
(30 ZnhkØnp≈n¬
cPnÿ sNøm≥ Ign
bmØh Hcp h¿j
Ønp≈n¬ cPnÿ
sNømp≈ ApaXn.
_‘s∏´ tem°¬ cPnkv{Sm¿ aptJ
ka¿∏nt°≠ tcJIƒ:˛
1. acW dnt∏m¿´v ˛ 2 ]I¿∏v.
2. kXyhmMvaqew (Kk‰Uv Hm^ok¿/
tm´dn ]ªnIv apºmsI H∏n´v km£y
s∏SpØnbXv.)
3. acWkabsØ ta¬hnemkw sXfn
bn°p∂ tcJ.
4. Pn√m cPnkv{Sm¿°p≈ At]£.
5. tm¨ Ashbvse_n-en‰n k¿´n
-^n-°‰v.
6. AtzjW dnt∏m¿´pw ip]m¿ibpw
klnXw tem°¬ cPnkv{Sm¿ At]£
ka¿∏n°Ww. (t^md߃ {Kma ]©m
bØv B^okn¬ e`n°pw).
A t ] £
bn¬ 5 cq]
bpsS tIm¿´v
^o Ãmºv
]Xn°Ww.
A p a X n
e`n®tijw
{Kma ]©m
b Ø n ¬
A©v cq]
te‰v ^o
HSp°Ww.
tIcf
P--˛-
a-cW
cPn-kvt{S-j≥
N´-߃
1999
4. lnμp hnhml߃
cPnÿ sNøp∂Xn
p≈ ApaXn (30
ZnhkØnp≈n¬
{Kma ]©mbØn¬
cPnÿ sNøm≥ Ign
bmØ kw`h߃)
_‘s∏´ tem°¬ cPnkv{Sm¿ aptJ
ka¿∏nt°≠ tcJIƒ:˛
1. hnhml dnt∏m¿´v ˛ 2 ]I¿∏v.
2. Pn√m cPnkv{Sm¿°p≈ At]£.
3. hnhmlw S∂Xv kw_‘n® sXfn
hpIƒ, tcJIƒ.
4. ZºXnIfpsS P ÿew, Ct∏mg
sØ hnemkw, {]mbw, c£nXm°fpsS
t]cv F∂nh sXfnbn°p∂ tcJIƒ.
5. ZºXnIƒ cPnkvt{Sj≥ bqWn‰nv
]pdØv XmakamsW¶n¬ Ah¿ Hcp
an®v Ignbp∂p F∂ km£y]{Xw (Kk
‰Uv DtZymKÿn¬ n∂v).
6. {Kma ]©mbØv sk{I´dnbpsS
AtzjW dnt∏m¿´pw ip]m¿ibpw
klnXw At]£n°Ww. (hnhml
XobXn, ÿew, lnμpXzw, lnμpaXm
Nmc{]Imcw S∂ hnhmlw, Ct∏mgpw
ZºXnamcmbn XpScp∂p F∂nh dnt∏m¿
´n¬ D≠mhWw).
A t ] £
bn¬ 5 cq]
bpsS tIm¿´v
^o Ãmºv
]Xn°Ww.
1957-˛se
tIcf
lnμp-
hn-hml
cPn-kvt{S-j≥
N´-߃
5. hnhml߃ (s]mXp)
cPnÿ sNøp∂Xn
p≈ ApaXn (Hcp
h¿jØnp≈n¬ hn
hmlw cPnÿ sNøp
∂Xnp≈ satΩmdm
≠w ^b¬ sNbvXn´n
√mØ kw`h߃°v)
tem°¬ cPnkv{Sm¿ aptJ ka¿∏n
t°≠ tcJIƒ :˛
1. hnhmlw cPnÿ sNøp∂Xnp≈
satΩmdm≠w ˛ 2 ]I¿∏v.
2. hnhmlw S∂Xv sXfnbn°p∂ tcJ
Iƒ (As√¶n¬) hnhml (s]mXp) N´
ßfnse Ap_‘w˛2 ep≈ {]Jym
]w.
3. P XobXn sXfnbn°p∂Xnp≈
tcJIƒ.
At]£bn¬
5 cq]bpsS
tIm¿´v ^o
Ãmºv ]Xn°
Ww. ]ng-bmbn
250 cq]bpw
cPn-kvt{S-j≥
^o 100 cq]bpw
{Kma- ]©mb
Øn¬ HSp
°Ww.
2008-˛se
tIcf
hnhm-l-߃
cPn-ÿ
sNø¬
(s]m-Xp)
N´-߃

35. 35
]©m-bØv hIp∏v
4. `mcym`¿Øm°∑mcpsS t^mt´mIƒ
satΩmdm≠Øns‚ c≠p ]I¿∏nepw
H´n°Ww.
5. hnhml cPnkv{Sm¿ Pdenp≈
At]£.
6. hnhml (s]mXp) cPn
Ãdnse XncpØep
Iƒ°v ApaXn
(t]cv, hb v, XobXn
apXemb kmchØmb
Dƒ°pdn∏pIfnse
XncpØepIƒ°v)
tem°¬ cPnkv{Sm¿ aptJ ka¿∏n
t°≠ tcJIƒ :˛
1. Xncpج hcpØp∂Xnv th≠n
bp≈ hniZamb At]£.
2. XncpØs∏tS≠ hnhcßfpsS nP
ÿnXn sXfnbn°p∂Xnp≈ tcJIƒ.
3. {Kma ]©mbØn¬ n∂pw e`n®
hnhml km£y]{XØns‚ 2 ]I¿∏v.
A t ] £
bn¬ 5 cq]
bpsS tIm¿´v
^o Ãmºv
]Xn°Ww.
A p - a X n
e`n® tijw
100 cq] {Kma
]©m-b-Øn
¬ HSp°Ww.
2008-˛se
tIcf
hnhm-l-߃
cPn-ÿ
sNø¬
(s]m-Xp)
N´-߃
8. 2005˛se hnhcmhImi
nbaw {]Imcap≈
BZy A∏o¬ ({Kma
]©mbØv sk{I´dn,
]©mbØv AknÃ
‚ v UbdŒ¿ F∂nh¿
°v ¬Inb At]£
bn≥taep≈ A∏oep
Iƒ am{Xw.)
1. A∏o¬ At]£.
2. {Kma ]©mbØv sk{I´dnt°m,
]©mbØv Akn v UbdŒ¿t°m
¬Inb At]£bpsSbpw Ahcn¬
n∂pw e`n® ckoXnt‚bpw ]I¿∏p
Iƒ.
3. At]£Iƒ°v adp]Sntbm hnhctam
Fs¥¶nepw e`n®n´ps≠¶n¬ AXn
s‚ ]I¿∏v.
4. adp]Sn e`n® XobXn apXtem adp]Sn
e`nt°≠nbncp∂ XobXn apXtem 30
ZnhkØnp≈n¬ A∏o¬ ka¿∏n
°Ww.
C√ 2005˛se
hnh-cm-h-Imi
nbaw
hIp∏v 19.
7. hnhml (s]mXp)
tem°¬ cPnkv{Sm
dpsS Xocp-am--Øn-s-
Xn-sc-bp≈ A∏o¬
1. A∏o¬ At]£.
2. tem-°¬ cPn-kv{Sm-dpsS Xocp-am--
Øns‚ ]I¿∏v.
3. A∏o-env B[m-c-amb tcJ-I-fpsS
]I¿∏v.
4. tem°¬ cPn-kv{Sm-dpsS Xocp-amw
Adn-bn® XobXn apX¬ aq∂p-amk Ime-
b-f-hn-p-≈n¬ ka¿∏n-°-Ww.
C√ 2008-˛se
tIcf
hnhm-l-߃
cPn-ÿ
sNø¬
(s]m-Xp)
N´-߃

36. 36
]ucm-h-Im-i-tcJ
]©mbØv Akn-Â v UbdŒdpsS B^okn¬ n∂pw
]uc-∑m¿°v e`n-°p∂ tkh--߃
{Ia e`n°p∂
n_‘Iƒ ^okv
nbaw/
w. tkhw N´ßƒ
1. hnhcmhImi nba
{]Imcw ]©mbØv
sU]yq´n UbdŒdp
sSbpw Akn v U
bdŒdpsSbpw B^o
kpIfn¬ n∂pap≈
hnhcw.
hnhcw e`n
°p∂Xnp≈
hy‡amb
At]£.
1. At]£ ^okv 10 cq].
2. e`n°p∂ hnhc߃°p≈
^okv.
i. Hmtcm t]Pnpw 2 cq] hoXw (F4
sskkv t]∏¿).
ii. a‰p≈hbv°v bYm¿∞ sNehv.
iii. tcJIfpsS ]cntim[bv°v
BZysØ Hcp aWn°qdnv ^okn√.
AXpIgn™p≈ Hmtcm 30 ann
´npw 10 cq] hoXw.
Zmcn{ZytcJ°v Xmsgbp≈ IpSpw_
Ønse AwKamsWWv sXfnbn°m≥
tªm°v Uhe]vsa‚ v Hm^okdn¬
nt∂m ]©mbØv / apnkn∏¬ /
apnkn∏¬ tIm¿∏tdj≥ sk{I´
dnbn¬ nt∂m D≈ km£y]{Xw
lmPcm°p∂]£w ^okv _m[I
a√.
2005 se
hnhcmhImi
nbahpw
N´ßfpw
]©mbØv Akn v UbdŒ¿
s]¿t^ma≥kv BUn‰v Pn√m Hm^okdmWv ]©mbØv Akn v UbdŒ¿. {Kma
]©mbØpIfpsS s]¿t^ma≥kv HmUn‰v SØp∂Xnv ta¬tm´w SØpIbpw dnt∏m¿
´pIfnt∑¬ nbampkrX S]SnIƒ kzoIcn°pIbpw AXv tÉv s]¿t^ma≥kv BUn‰v
B^ok¿°pw ]©mbØv UbdŒ¿°pw k¿°mcnte°pw dnt∏m¿´p sNøpI, hm¿jnI
s]¿t^ma≥kv HmUn‰v dnt∏m¿´v Xømdm°n kwÿm s]¿t^m¿a≥kv HmUn‰v Hm^ok¿°v
ka¿∏n°pI, tem°¬ ^≠v HmUn‰v hIp∏v, A°u≠‚ v Pd¬, tÃm¿ ]¿t®kv ]cntim
[mhn`mKw, [Imcy hIp∏ns‚ ]cntim[mhn`mKw apXembh SØp∂ BUn‰ns‚bpw
]cntim[bpsSbpw dnt∏m¿´pIfnt∑¬ XpS¿S]Sn kzoIcn°p∂Xnv Bhiyamb am¿§
n¿t±i߃ {Kma]©mbØpIƒ°v ¬IpI, ]ptcmKXn hnhcw tiJcn®v k¿°mcnpw
]©mbØv UbdŒ¿°pw ¬IpI F∂nh-bmWv {][m NpaXeIƒ.
hnhcmhImi nba{]Imcw ]©mbØv sU]yq´n UbdŒdm^okntebpw Akn v
UbdŒdm^okntebpw kwÿm ]ªnIv C≥^¿taj≥ B^ok¿ ]©mbØv Akn
 v UbdŒ¿ BWv. NpaXem n¿ΔlWØn¬ At±lsØ s]¿t^ma≥kv BUn‰v
kq∏¿sshk¿, Pqnb¿ kq{]≠v XpSßnb DtZymKÿ¿ klmbn°p∂p.

37. 37
]©m-bØv hIp∏v
s]¿t^m-a≥kv BUn‰v
Xt±-i-kzbw`-cW ÿm]--߃°v 1997˛-98 apX¬ hm¿jnI ]≤-Xn-bn¬ Dƒs∏-SpØn
h¿≤n® tXmXn¬ ^≠v Ap-h-Zn-®-XnsØpS¿∂v hnIk]chpw Pt£aIchpw
{]mtZinI kºZvhyhÿ sa®s∏SpØp∂Xnpap≈ {]h¿Ø߃ Xt±ikzbw`cW
ÿm]߃ Gs‰SpØv SØnhcp∂p. Ahbn¬ n£n]vXamb NpaXeIfpw Ahsb
`ctaev]n® kmºØnIhpw nb{¥W]chpamb A[nImcßfpw nba߃°pw N´ßƒ
°pw am¿§n¿t±i߃°pw ApkrXambn Imcy£aambpw ^e{]Zambpw n¿Δln
°pIbpw hnntbmKn°pIbpw sNøp∂pt≠m F∂v hnebncpØp∂Xnpw ]mI∏ngIƒ
Ds≠¶n¬ Ah ]cnlcn°m≥ bYmkabw n¿t±i߃ ¬Ip∂Xnpw Hcp ]pXnb
BUn‰v kwhn[mØnv 1997˛se ]©mbØv cmPv (]cntim[mcoXnbpw BUn‰v kwhn
[mhpw) N´ßfneqsS cq]w ¬IpIbp≠mbn. {]kvXpX N´ßfneqsS kwÿmXe
Øn¬ Hcp s]¿t^ma≥kv BUn‰v AtXmdn‰n nehn¬ h∂p. Xt±i kzbw`cWhIp∏v
sk{I´dnbmWv s]¿t^ma≥kv BUn‰v AtXmdn‰n. At±lsØ klmbn°m≥ konb¿
sU]yq´n A°u≠‚ v Pdens‚ ]Zhnbnep≈ Hcp DtZymKÿs kwÿm s]¿t^m
a≥kv BUn‰v B^okdmbn nban®n´p≠v. aq∂v amkØnsemcn°¬ Xt±i kzbw`cW
ÿm]ßpsS `cW]chpw kmºØnIhpamb S]SnIƒ AhtemIw sNbvXv icnbmb
`cWw Dd∏phcpØpIbmWv s]¿t^ma≥kv BUn‰ns‚ I¿Øhyw.
]©m-bØv hIp-∏n¬ s]¿t^m-a≥kv BUn‰v Pn√m B^o-k-dmb ]©m-bØv Akn-
 v Ub-d-IvS-dpsS nb-{¥-W-Øn¬ Hmtcm Pn√-bnepw s]¿t^m-a≥kv BUn‰v kq∏¿
ssh-k-dpsS tXr-Xz-Øn¬ s]¿t^m-a≥kv BUn‰v bqWn-‰p-Iƒ {]h¿Øn-°p-∂p. ]©m-
bØv hIp-∏n¬ BsI 66 s]¿t^m-a≥kv BUn‰v bqWn-‰p-I-fm-Wp-≈-Xv.
]©m-bØv sU]yq´n Ub-d-IvS¿ Hm^o-kp-Iƒ
ta¬hnem-khpw t^m¨ º-dpw
1 ]©mbØv sU]yq´n UbdŒdm^okv
knhn¬ tÃj≥, IpS∏°p∂v ]n. H.
Xncph¥]pcw
2 ]©mbØv sU]yq´n UbdŒdm^okv
knhn¬ tÃj≥, It®cn ]n. H.
sIm√w
3 ]©mbØv sU]yq´n UbdŒdm^okv
]ØwXn´
4 ]©mbØv sU]yq´n UbdŒdm^okv
knhn¬ tÃj≥, Be∏pg
5 ]©mbØv sU]yq´n UbdŒdm^okv
IfŒtd‰v ]n.H., tIm´bw
ta¬hnemkw t^m¨ C˛-sa-bn¬
0471-2731212 ddptvpm@gmail.com
0474-2794961 ddpklm@gmail.com
0468-2222561 ddppathanamthitta@gmail.com
0477-2251599 ddpalappuzha@gmail.com
0481-2560282 ddpkottayam@gmail.com

38. 38
]ucm-h-Im-i-tcJ
6 ]©mbØv sU]yq´n UbdŒdm^okv
sXmSp]pg ]n.H., CSp°n
7 ]©mbØv sU]yq´n UbdŒdm^okv
Im°mSv ]n.H., FdWmIpfw
8 ]©mbØv sU]yq´n UbdŒdm^okv
knhn¬ tÃj≥, Aøt¥mƒ ]n.H.
Xr»q¿
9 ]©mbØv sU]yq´n UbdŒdm^okv
knhn¬ tÃj≥, ]me°mSv
10 ]©mbØv sU]yq´n UbdŒdm^okv
knhn¬ tÃj≥, bp.]n. ln¬ ]n.H.
ae∏pdw
11 ]©mbØv sU]yq´n UbdŒdm^okv
knhn¬ tÃj≥, tImgnt°mSv
12 ]©mbØv sU]yq´n UbdŒdm^okv
Iev]‰. ]n.H., hbmSv
13 ]©mbØv sU]yq´n UbdŒdm^okv
knhn¬ tÃj≥ ]n.H., IÆq¿
14 ]©mbØv sU]yq´n UbdŒdm^okv
_n. tªm°v, II ^vtfm¿, knhn¬
tÃj≥, hnZymK¿, ImkdtKmUv
0486-2222846 ddpidk@gmail.com
0484-2422219 ddpekm@gmail.com
0487-2360616 ddptcr@gmail.com
0491-2505374 ddppkd@lsgkerala.gov.in
0483-2734838 ddpmlpm@gmail.com
0495-2371799 ddpkzd@gmail.com
04936-202634 ddpwayanad@gmail.com
0497-2707903 ddpknr@lsgkerala.gov.in
04994-255782 ddpksgd@gmail.com
1 Xncph¥]pcw
2 sIm√w
3 ]ØwXn´
4 Be∏pg
5 tIm´bw
6 CSp°n
7 FdWmIpfw
8 Xr»q¿
9 ]me°mSv
10 ae∏pdw
11 tImgnt°mSv
12 hbmSv
13 IÆq¿
14 ImkdtKmUv
Pn√ t^m¨ C˛-sa-bn¬
0471-2733593 ddptvpm@gmail.com
0474-2794961 adpklm@gmail.com
0468-2222207 adppta@gmail.com
0477-2252784 ddpalappuzha@gmail.com
0481-2583506 adpkottayam@gmail.com
04862-222815 adpidukki@gmail.com
0484-2422216 ekm. adp@gmail.com
0487-2360354 adptcr@gmail.com
0491-2505155 ddppkd@lsgkerala.gov.in
0483-2734984 ddpmlpm@gmail.com
0495-2371916 ddpkzd@gmail.com
04936-202663 ddpwayanad@gmail.com
0497-2700081 adpkannur@gmail.com
04994-255803 ddpksgd@gmail.com
]©m-bØv Akn-Â v Ub-d-IvS¿/
Pn√m s]¿t^m-a≥kv BUn‰v Hm^o-kpIƒ

39. 39
]©m-bØv hIp∏v
{Kma- ]-©m-bØv
1994˛se tIcf ]©mbØv cmPv BIvSv 4˛mw hIp∏v (1)˛mw D]hIp∏v {]Imcw
k¿°m-cnv Hmtcm {KmaØntm {KmaßfpsS Iq´Øntm Hcp {Kma]©mbØv cq]oIcn°m
hp∂XmWv. kwÿmØv nehn¬ 978 {Kma ]©mbØpIfmWv D≈Xv. PkwJymp]m
XnIambn Hmtcm {Kma ]©mbØnepw 13 apX¬ 23 hsc ntbmPIafießfp≠v. Pt£a
Imcyßfnepw nba]camb NpaXeIfnepw am{Xa√ Bkq{XWw, hnIkw, ipNnXzw,
BtcmKyw, hnZym`ymkw XpSßnb PPohnXØns‚ kakvX taJeIfnepw {Kma]©m
bØv AXns‚ NpaXeIƒ n¿Δln®psIm≠v nesIm≈p∂p. 73˛mw `cWLSm t`Z
KXnbpw 1994˛se tIcf ]©mbØv cmPv BIvSpw Ap_‘ N´ßfpw hn]peamb tXmXn¬
A[nImcßfpw hn`hßfpw hnjbßfpw {Kma]©mbØpIƒ°v ssIamdnbn´p≠v. tIcf
Ønse Xt±ikzbw`cW ÿm]߃ C∂v {]mtZinI k¿°mcpIfmWv. kab_‘nX
ambpw oXn]q¿Δambpw hnhn[ tkh߃ P߃°v e`yam°p∂Xnpw Xt±ikzbw
`cW ÿm]ßsf PkulrZ]cam°p∂Xnpw C KthW≥kv, {^≠v Hm^okv amtPv
sa‚ v kwhn[mw Dƒs∏sSbp≈ qX ]cn]mSnIƒ {Kma]©mbØpIfn¬ S∏nem°n
hcnIbmWv.
{Kma ]©mbØv AwKßsf kΩXnZmbI¿ thms´Sp∏neqsS tcn´v sXcs™Sp
°p∂p. C{]Imcw sXcs™Sp°s∏Sp∂ AwKßfn¬ n∂pw {]knU‚nsbpw sshkv
{]knU‚nsbpw `qcn]£mSnÿmØn¬ sXcs™Sp°p∂p. Hmtcm {Kma ]©mbØnepw
hnhn[ NpaXeIƒ°mbn [Imcyw, hnIkw, t£aImcyw, BtcmKyhpw hnZym`ymkhpw
F∂o hnjbßfn¬ 4 Ãm‚nwKv IΩn‰nIƒ cq]oIcn®n´p≠v. Hcp ]©mbØnse F√m
AwKßfpw GsX¶nepw Hcp Ãm‚nwKv IΩn‰nbn¬ AwKambncn°pw. [Imcy Ãm‚nwKv
IΩn‰nbpsS sNb¿am≥ sshkv {]knU‚mWv. {]knU‚ v F√m Ãm‚nwKv IΩn‰nIfnepw
thm´hImian√mØ AutZymKnI AwKambncn°pw. {]knU‚ v A≤y£mbpw Ãm‚nwKv
IΩn‰n sNb¿am≥am¿ AwKßfmbpw Hcp ÃnbdnwKv IΩn‰n cq]oIcn°p∂Xnpw nba
Øn¬ hyhÿbp≠v. ]©mbØns‚ n¿ΔlWm[nImcn ]©mbØv {]knU‚pw apJy
n¿ΔlW DtZymKÿ≥ sk{I´dnbpamWv.
{Kma ]©mbØpIƒ°v 27 AnhmcyNpaXeIfpw 14 s]mXphmb NpaXeIfpw
taJemSnÿmØn¬ 19 NpaXeIfpw n¿Δlnt°≠Xp≠v.

40. 40
]ucm-h-Im-i-tcJ
{Kma ]©mbØpIfpsS AnhmcyNpaXeIƒ
1. sI´nS n¿ΩmWw nb{¥n°pI.
2. s]mXpÿe߃ Itø‰w sNøs∏SmsX kwc£n°pI.
3. ]cºcmKX IpSnsh≈ t{kmX pIƒ kwc£n°pI.
4. Ipfßfpw a‰p Pekw`cWnIfpw kwc£n°pI.
5. {Kma]©mbØns‚ NpaXebnep≈ Peam¿§ßfpw ImepIfpw ]cnc£n°pI.
6. Jcameny߃ tiJcn°pIbpw IsømgnbpIbpw sNøpI, {Zhamenyw o°w sNbvXv
{IaoIcn°pI.
7. t]amcnaqeap≠mIp∂ sh≈w Hgp°n°fbpI.
8. ]cnÿnXn BtcmKyc£Iam°n kwc£n°pI.
9. s]mXpam¿°‰pIƒ ]cn]men°pI.
10. kmw{IanI tcmKhmlnIsf nb{¥n°pI.
11. arKßfpsS Iim∏v, amwkw, a’yw, Ffp∏Øn¬ tISphcp∂ a‰v `£yhkvXp F∂nh
bpsS hn¬∏ apXembh nb{¥n°pI.
12. `£WimeIsf nb{¥n°pI.
13. `£WØn¬ ambw tN¿°p∂Xv XSbpI.
14. tdmUpIfpw a‰v s]mXpapXepIfpw kwc£n°pI.
15. sXcphphnf°pIƒ IØn°pIbpw Ahsb ]cn]men°pIbpw sNøpI.
16. tcmK{]Xntcm[ S]SnIƒ kzoIcn°pI.
17. tcmK{]Xntcm[Ønpw nb{¥WØnpambn tZiobXeØnepw kwÿmXeØnep
ap≈ X{¥ßfpw ]cn]mSnIfpw ^e{]Zambn S∏m°pI.
18. ih∏dºpIfpw ivaimßfpw ÿm]n°pIbpw kwc£n°pIbpw sNøpI.
19. A]ISIchpw AklyIchpamb hym]mc߃°v ssek≥kv ¬IpI.
20. Phpw acWhpw cPnÿ sNøpI.
21. Ipfn°ShpIfpw Ae°pIShpIfpw ÿm]n°pI.
22. ISØpIƒ G¿s∏SpØpI.
23. hml߃ ]m¿°v sNøp∂Xnp≈ Xmhf߃ G¿s∏SpØpI.
24. bm{X°m¿°mbn shbv‰nwKv sjÕpIƒ n¿Ωn°pI.
25. s]mXpÿeßfn¬ aq{X∏pcbpw I°qkpw, Ipfnÿeßfpw G¿s∏SpØpI.
26. tafIfpsSbpw D’hßfpsSbpw SØn∏v {IaoIcn°pI.
27. hf¿Øpmbv°ƒ°v ssek≥kv ¬IpIbpw Ae™p S°p∂ mbv°sf C√mbva
sNøpIbpw sNøpI.

41. 41
]©m-bØv hIp∏v
{Kma ]©mbØpIƒ°v ssIamdnb ÿm]߃
tIcf ]©m-b-Øv cmPv BIvSns‚ ASn-ÿm--Øn¬ hnhn[ hnjb taJ-e-I-fn-em-bn
{XnXe ]©m-b-Øp-Iƒ sshhn-[y-am¿∂ Npa-X-e-Ifpw D-Ø-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ßfpw n¿Δ-ln®p
hcn-I-bm-Wv. Irjn, hyh-km-bw, arK-kw-c-£-Ww, s]mXp-P-m-tcm-Kyw, hnZym-`ym-kw, ASn-
ÿm kuIcy hnI-kw F∂nßs kmaqly Pohn-X-Øns‚ F√m taJ-e-I-fnepw CS
-s]-Sp∂ {Kma -]-©m-b-Øp-Isf AXns‚ Npa-Xem n¿Δ-l-W-Ønv {]m]vX-am-°p-∂-Xnpth≠n
GXmpw ÿm]--߃ 1995-˛epw XpS¿∂p≈ h¿j-ß-fnepw k¿°m¿ ssIam-dn-bn-cp∂p.
1. Irjn hIp∏v: AXmXpÿesØ Irjn`h≥.
2. arKkwc£W hIp∏v: AXmXpÿesØ sh‰dndn k_vsk‚¿, sh‰dn-dn
Unkvs]≥k-dn, sh‰-dn-dn Bip-]-{Xn.
3. £oc hnIkhIp∏v: Hcp Ubdn FIvÃ≥j≥ Hm^ok¿ XkvXnIbpw Ap_‘
XkvXnIIfpw (Cu bqWn‰v tªm°p]©mbØp {]tZisØ GsX¶nepw Hcp {Kma
]©mbØnp ssIam‰w sNtø≠Xpw AXv tªm°v ]©mbØp {]tZisØ F√m
{Kma ]©mbØnepw {]h¿Ønt°≠XpamWv.)
4. a’y_‘ hIp∏v: a’y-`-hpw AXnse ^njdokv k∫v C≥kvs]Œ¿ XkvXn
Ibpw (Bhiyamb {Kma ]©mbØn¬ am{Xw).
5. {Kma hnIk hIp∏v: 2 hnt√Pv FIvÃ≥j≥ B^ok¿ XkvXnIIfpw B^okpw.
6. kmaqlyt£a hIp∏v: AXmXpÿesØ tUsIb¿ sk‚dpIfpw AwK≥hmSnIfpw.
7. ]´nIPmXn hnIk hIp∏v: AXmXpÿesØ _mehmSnIƒ, _mehmSn˛Iw˛
^oUnwKv sk‚¿, kokW¬ tUsIb¿ sk‚¿ tUm¿sa‰dn.
8. ]´nIh¿§ hnIk hIp∏v: AXmXpÿesØ _mehmSnIƒ, saUn°¬ bqWn‰v,
gvkdn kvIqfpIƒ, anUvssh^dn sk‚dpIƒ, Bbp¿thZ Unkvs]≥kdnIƒ.
9. BtcmKy hIp∏v: AXmXp ÿesØ {]mY-an-Im-tcmKy tI{μ-߃, Kh¨sa‚ v
Unkvs]≥kdnIƒ.
10. Bbp¿thZ hIp∏v: AXmXp ÿesØ Kh¨sa‚ v Bbq¿thZ Unkvs]≥kdn/
Bip]{Xn.
11. tlmantbm∏Xn hIp∏v: AXmXp ÿesØ Kh¨sa‚ v tlmantbm Unkvs]≥kdn/
Bip]{Xn.
12. s]mXphnZym`ymk hIp∏v: AXmXp ÿesØ Kh¨sa‚ v temh¿ ss{]adn
kvIqfpIƒ.
* 1˛1-˛2008 apX¬ ne-hn¬ h∂ Xt±i kzbw-`-cW F©n-o-b-dnwKv hnwKmWv {Kma
]©m-b-Øp-I-fpsS s]mXp-am-c-aØp ]Wn-I-fpsS Npa-Xe n¿Δ-ln-°p-∂-Xv.
C∂v ]uc-∑m¿°v Ahiyw e`n-t°≠ tkh--ß-fpsS `qcn-`m-Khpw {]Zmw sNøp∂Xv
{Kma ]©m-b-Øp-I-fm-Wv. kwÿm-sØ Hmtcm {Kma ]©m-bØpw Ah ]uc-∑m¿°v
e`y-am-°p∂ tkh--ßfpw Ah-bpsS hyh-ÿ-Ifpw ka-b-]-cn-[nbpw Dƒs∏-Sp∂ ]ucm-h
Imi tcJ {]kn-≤-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. {Kma ]©mbØpIƒ ]uc∑m¿°v ¬Ip∂ tkhß
fpsS kab{Iaw Hmtcm ]©mbØpIfnepw hyXykvXamWv. {Kma ]©m-b-Øp-Iƒ ]uc-
∑m¿°v ¬In-h-cp∂ s]mXp-hmb tkh--߃ NphsS tN¿°p-∂p.

42. 42
]ucm-h-Im-i-tcJ
{Ia
w.
tkhßfpsS
hnhcw
At]£nt°≠
hn[w
n_‘Iƒ
ASbvt°≠
^okv
1 P cPnkvt{S
j≥ (1969-˛se
P--˛-a-cW
cPn-kvt{S-j≥
BIvSv)
Pw S∂ {]tZ-i-Øn
se {Kma]-©mb-Øn¬ A
t]-£n-°-Ww.
21 Znh-k-Øn-Iw At]-£n-
°p-∂-h¿°v kuP-y-ambn
k¿´n-^n-°‰v e`n-°pw. aXn-
bmb Imc-W-ap-s≠-¶n¬
30 Znhkw hsc cPn-ÿ
sNømw.
P XobXn
apX¬ 21 Znhkw
hsc kuPyw.
AXn-p-tijw
30 Znhkw hsc
2 cq] te‰v ^o.
{Kma]-©m-b-Øp-Ifn¬ n∂p e`n-°p∂ tkh--߃ kw_-‘n® hnh-c-߃
ho´n¬ h®v S∂ P-
-am-sW-¶n¬ Krl-m-Ypw
Bip-]-{Xn-bn¬h®v S-∂-
Xm-sW-¶n¬ Bip-]{Xn
A[n-IrXcpw a‰p ÿm]--
ß-fn-em-sW-¶n¬ ÿm]
DS-abpw ]©mbØn¬ n
∂pw kuPyambn e`n°p
∂ n›nX t^mdØn¬
21 ZnhkØnIw dnt∏m¿´v
sNøWw.
2 P cPnÃdn
¬ t]cp tN¿
°¬ (Pw
cPn-ÿ sNbvX
-t∏mƒ t]cv
tN¿Øn´n-√m
sb¶n¬ am{Xw)
(1969-˛se P--
˛- a-cW cPn-kv
t{S-j≥ BIvSv)
A©p cq]bpsS tIm¿´v
^o Ãmºv ]Xn®v n¿±njvS
t^mdØn¬ amXm]nXm
°ƒ kwbp‡ambn At]
£n°Ww.
Bdp hb v Ign™m¬
Ip´n-I-fpsS P--{Iaw sX
fn-bn-°p∂ amXm-]n-Xm-
°-fpsS kXy{]-kvXm-h,
kvIqƒ k¿´n^n°‰v
F∂nh lmPcm°Ww.
Hcp h¿jwhsc
kuPyw. XpS¿
∂v 5 cq] te‰v
^o.
3 acW cPnkv
t{Sj≥ (1969-
˛se P--˛
-a-cW cPn-kvt{S-
j≥ BIvSv)
ho´n¬ h®v S∂ acW-am-
sW-¶n¬ Krlm-Ypw
Bip-]-{Xn-bn¬h®v S-∂-
Xm-sW-¶n¬ Bip-]{Xn
A[n-IrXcpw a‰p ÿm]--
ß-fn-em-sW-¶n¬ ÿm]
DS-abpw Akzm-`m-hnI
acWam-sW-¶n¬ _‘-
s∏´ t]meokv Hm^o-kdpw
]©mbØn¬ n∂pw
kuPyambn e`n°p∂
n›nX t^mdØn¬ 21
ZnhkØnIw dnt∏m¿´v
sNøWw.
acWw S∂ {]tZ-i-Ønse
{Kma-]-©m-b-Øn¬ At]-
£n-°-Ww. 21 Znh-k-Øn-
Iw At]-£n-°p-∂-h¿°v
kuP-y-ambn k¿´n-^n-°‰v
e`n°pw.
aXn-bmb Imc-W-ap-s≠-¶n¬
30 Znhkw hsc cPn-ÿ
sNømw.
acW XobXn
apX¬ 21 Znhkw
hsc kuPyw.
AXn-p-tijw
30 Znhkw hsc
2 cq] te‰v ^o.
4 Pw/acWw
Xmakn®p cPn
ÿ sNø¬
(1969-˛se P--
˛ a-cW cPn-kv
t{Sj≥ BIvSv)
A©p cq]bpsS tIm¿´v
^o Ãmºv ]Xn®v n¿±n
jvS t^mdØn¬/ sh≈-
I-S-em-kn¬ Pw/acWw
S∂ {Kma-]-©m-b-Øn¬
At]£n°Ww. P/
acW dnt∏m¿´v n¿±njvS
t^md-Øn¬ ¬I-Ww.
P-/-a-cW XobXn apX¬
30 Znhkw Ign™v 1 h¿jw
hsc Pn√m cPnkv{Sm¿°pw
Hcp h¿jw Ign™v dhyq
Unhn-j-W¬ Hm^o-k¿°pw
kw`hw sshIn cPnÿsN
ømpff ImcWw ImWn°p
∂ At]£, Kk‰Uv Hm^o
k¿/tm´dn ]ªnIv km£y
s∏SpØnb kXyhmMvaqew
F∂nhbpw lmP-cm-°Ww.
30 Znhkw apX¬
Hcp h¿jw hsc
5 cq]. Hcp h¿j
Ønp apIfn¬
10 cq] te‰v ^o.

43. 43
]©m-bØv hIp∏v
5 P/acW
k¿´n^n°‰v
At]£Is‚ t]cn¬ hm
ßnb ]Øp cq]bn¬ Ipd
bmØ XpIbv°pff ap{Z
]{Xw lmP-cm-°Ww.
sXc®n¬^okv
Hcp h¿jtØ
°v 2 cq], ]I¿
∏v ^okv 5 cq].
A©p cp]bpsS tIm¿´v
^o Ãmºv ]Xn®v At]
£n°Ww.
6 tm¨ Ash
b v e _ n e n ‰ n
k¿´n^n°‰v
(P-w/-a-cWw
c-Pnÿ sN
bvXn-´n-s√-¶n¬)
(1969-˛se P--
˛-a-cW cPn-kv
t{S-j≥ BIvSv)
A©p cp]bpsS tIm¿´v
^o Ãmºv ]Xn®v Pw/
acWw S∂ {]tZiØn
se {Kma]-©mb-Øn¬
At]-£n-°-Ww.
Pw/acWw S∂ ka-b
sØ Xma-k-ÿ-ew, Pw/
acWw S∂ ÿew F∂n-h
sXfn-bn-°p-∂-Xn-m-h-iy-
amb tcJ-Iƒ lmP-cm-°-
Ww. A√m-Ø-]£w t]m
eokv shcn-^n-t°-js‚
ASn-ÿm--Øn¬ am{Xta
k¿´n-^n-°‰v ¬Ip-∂Xv
]cn-K-Wn-°p-I-bp-≈q.
sXc®n¬^okv
Hcp h¿jtØ
°v 2 cq], k¿´n
^n°‰v 2 cq].
7 ZsØ-Sp-°p∂
Ip´n-I-fpsS cPn-
kvt{S-j≥
P cPn-kv{Sm¿°v At]
£ ¬IWw
Ip´nbpsS Pw cPnÿ
sNbvXn´ns√¶n¬ ZsØ
Sp°¬ AphZn® tImSXn
DØchns‚ ]I¿∏v kln
Xw AwKoIrX AtUm]v
j≥ GP≥kn ÿnXnsN
øp∂ cPnkvt{Sj≥ bqWn
‰n¬ At]£n °Ww. 2008
hw_¿ 22˛v apºv ZsØ
SpØ tIkpIfn¬ Pw
cPnÿ sNbvXn´ns√¶n¬
ZsØSp°m≥ AphZn®
tImSXn DØchns‚ ASn
ÿmØn¬ ZsØSpØ
amXm]nXm°fpsS At]
£ {]Imcw Ah¿ ÿnc
Xmakam°nb ÿesØ
cPnkvt{Sj≥ bqWn‰n¬
At]£n°Ww.
At]-£n®v ]c-
am-h[n 10 Znh-k-
Øn-Iw k¿´n-
^n-°‰v evIp-∂-
XmWv.
8 h n t Z - i Ø p
S∂ P--ß-
fpsS cPn-kvt{S-
j≥
1956 se kn‰n-k¨ (C≥
Uy≥ tIm¨kpte-‰-p-I-fn
se cPn-kvt{S-j≥) N´-߃
{]Imcw C≥Uy≥ ]uc∑m
cpsS C≥Uybv°p shfn-bn-
ep≈ F√m P--hpw- a-c-
Whpw C≥Uy≥ tIm¨kp
te‰pIfn¬ cPn-ÿ sNøm-
hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
Ip´nbpsS amXm]nXm°ƒ
C≥Uybn¬ ÿnchmkam
°Wsa∂ Dt±iytØmSp
IqSn C≥Uybn¬ Xncns®
Ønb XobXn apX¬ 60
ZnhkØnIw AhcpsS
C¥ybnse Xmakÿe
sØ bqWn‰n¬ At]£n
°Ww. Ip´nbpsS Pw
kw_‘n® tcJtbmsSm∏w
C¥ybn¬ ÿncXmakam
°m≥ Dt±in°p∂p F∂
kXyhmMvaqew 100 cq]
bn¬ IpdbmØ hnebp≈
aq{Z]{XØn¬ H∏n´v lmP
cm°Ww.

44. 44
]ucm-h-Im-i-tcJ
12 hnhml cPn-
kvt{Sj≥
(2008-˛se
tIcf hnhml
߃ cPnÿ
sNø¬
(s]mXp)
N´-߃)
{]Imcw
hnhmlw S∂ XobXn
apX¬ 45 ZnhkØn-Iw
satΩm-dm≠w ¬I-Ww. 45
Znh-k-Øn-p-tijw Hcp
h¿jw hsc ap≥]d™
tcJIƒs°m∏w hnhmlw
S-∂Xv kw_-‘n®v cPn-
kv{Sm¿°v t_m≤y-am-Ip∂
sXfnhv As√-¶n¬ t^mdw
º¿ 2˛¬ D≈ km-£y-]-
{Xhpw (MP/MLA/]©m-b
ØwKw/Kk-‰Uv Hm^o-k¿
¬Inb km£y-]{Xw).
Hcp h¿jØnp-tijap≈-
hbv°v cPnkv{Sm¿ P-d-em
b ]©m-bØv sU]yq´n
Ubd-IvSdpsS Ap-a-Xn-
°p≈ At]£bpw D≠m-
bn-cn-°-Ww. Ap-aXn e`n
®tijw cPn-kvt{S-j≥ S-
Øp-∂-Xm-Wv.
cPn-kvt{S-j≥
^okv 100 cq].
]ng 45 Znh-k-
Øn-p-tijw 1
h¿jw hsc ˛ 100
cq]. Hcp h¿j-
Øn-p-tijw ˛
250 cq]. k¿´n-
^n-°‰v ˛ 20 cq].
A[nI k¿´n-^n-
°‰v ˛ 25 cq].
n›nX t^md-Ønep≈
satΩmdm-≠-Øns‚ c≠v
]I¿∏p-Iƒ h[qhc-∑mcpw
c≠v km£n-Ifpw H∏n´v
(`mcy-bp-sSbpw `¿Øm-hn
s‚bpw ]mkv-t]m¿´v ssk
kn-ep≈ t^mt´m ]Xn-®n-
cn-°-Ww), `mcy-bp-sSbpw
`¿Øm-hn-s‚bpw Hmtcm
t^mt´m-Iƒ thsd-bpw.
aXm-Nmc{]Im-c-am-sW-¶n¬/
Ãm‰yq-´dn nb-a-{]-Im-c-am-
sW-¶n¬ km£y-]-{Xw,-
h-b v sXfn-bn-°p∂ tcJ,
F∂nh klnXw hnhmlw
S∂ {]tZ-i-Ønse {Kma-
]-©m-b-Øn¬ At]-£n-
°-Ww.
9 hnhml cPn
kvt{Sj≥
(1955 se lnμp
-hn-hml BIvSv
- {]-Imcw)
n›nX t^mdØnepff
dnt∏m¿´v, hnhmlnXcmbn
F∂pffXnpff sXfnhv,
(hnhmlw S∂ ÿm]
Øn¬ n∂p≈ km£y
]{Xw apX-em-bh), {]mbw
sXfnbn°p∂ tcJ.
hnhmlw S∂ {]tZ-i-Øn
se {Kma-]-©m-bØn¬ hn
hmlw S∂v 15 ZnhkØn
Iw dnt∏m¿´v sNøWw.
aXnbmb ImcWßfps≠
¶n¬ 30 Znhkwhsc cPn
ÿ sNømw. c≠v km£n
Iƒ thWw. hcs‚/h[p
hns‚ BZy hnhmlas√
¶n¬ ap≥ hnhmlw Hgn
hmbXns‚/th¿]ncn™
Xns‚ nba]camb tcJ
Iƒ lmPcm°Ww.
10 hnhmlw Xma
kn®p cPnÿ
sNø¬ :
30 Znh-k-Ønv
tij-ap-≈h
(1955 se lnμp-
hn-hml BIvSv
{]-Imcw)
n›nX t^md-Øn-ep≈
dnt∏m¿´v, sshIn cPnÿ
sNømpff ImcWw ImWn
°p∂ 5 cq] tIm¿´v ^o
Ãmºv ]Xn® tem°¬ cPn-
kv{Sm¿°pw Pn√m cPn-kv{Sm
¿°pap≈ At]£, hnhm
lnXcmbn F∂p≈Xnp
ff sXfnhv (hnhmlw S∂
ÿm]Øn¬ n∂p≈
km£y]{Xw apX-em-bh),
{]mbw sXfnbn°p∂ tcJ.
hnhmlw S∂ {]tZ-i-Øn
se {Kma-]-©m-b-Øn¬ A
t]-£n-°-Ww. c≠v km£n
Iƒ thWw. hcs‚/h[p
hns‚ BZy hnhmlas√
¶n¬ ap≥ hnhmlw Hgnhm
bXns‚/th¿]ncn™Xn
s‚ nba]camb tcJIƒ
lmPcm°Ww.
11 hnhml k¿´n
^n°‰v (1955
se lnμp-
hn-hml BIvSv
SØnb cPn-
kvt{S-j≥)
A©p cq]bpsS tIm¿´v ^o
Ãmºv ]Xn® sh≈ IS-em-
kn-ep≈ At]£.
At]-£-Is‚ t]cn¬ hm
ßnb ]Øp cq]-bn¬ Ipd-
bmØ XpI-bv°p≈ ap{Z-
]{Xw lmP-cm-°Ww.
k¿´n-^n-°-‰nv
10 cq].
C√
C√

45. 45
]©m-bØv hIp∏v
13 Cμn-cm-Km‘n
tZiob
hm¿≤IyIme
s]≥j≥ :
{]Xnamkw
300 cq]
n¿±njvS t^mdØnepff
At]£bpsS c≠p ]I¿
∏pIƒ. {]mbw sXfnbn°p
∂Xnp≈ tcJ/saUn
°¬ Hm^okdpsS k¿´n
^n°‰v, tdj≥ Im¿Uns‚
]I¿∏v.
65 hb np apIfn¬ {]m
bw. BPL IpSpw-_-Øn¬
AwK-am-bn-cn-°Ww. a‰p
s]≥jpIƒ hmßp∂h
cmIcpXv. ap∂p h¿jambn
tIcfØn¬ Xmakn°p∂
hcmIWw. hr≤kZØn
tem, icWmebØntem
At¥hmknbmbncn°
cpXv. bmNIhrØn sXmgn
embn kzoIcn®hcmIcpXv.
14 AKXn s]≥
j≥ (hn[h
Iƒ°pw
hnhml
tamNnX¿°pw)
{]Xnamkw
300 cq]
n¿±njvS t^mdØnepff
At]£bpsS c≠p ]I¿
∏pIƒ. tdj≥ Im¿Uns‚
]I¿∏v, `¿Ømhns‚ acW
k¿´n^n°‰v/hnhm-l-tam-Nn-
X-bm-sW∂v sXfn-bn-°p∂
tcJ. Ggp h¿jambn `¿
Ømhns°pdn®v bmsXmcp
hnhchpan√mØh¿ AXp
kw_‘n® hnt√-Pm-^o-k-
dpsS km£y-]-{Xw lmPcm
°Ww.
IpSpw_ hm¿jnI hcpam
w {Kma-{]-tZ-i-ßfn¬
20,000 cq]bn¬ IhnbcpXv.
a‰p s]≥jpIƒ hmßp
∂hcmIcpXv. c≠p h¿j
ambn tIcfØn¬ Xmakn
°p∂hcmIWw. bmNIhr
Øn sXmgnembn kzoIcn®
hcmIcpXv.
15 hnIemwK s]
≥j≥ (hnI
emwK¿, AwK
sshIeyw kw
`hn®h¿, imco-
cn-I, amknI
sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ
tcn-Sp-∂-h¿)
{]Xnamkw300cq]
n¿±njvS t^mdØnepff
At]£bpsS c≠p ]I¿
∏pIƒ, AwK-ssh-Ieyw
sXfn-bn-°p∂ tcJ, tdj≥
Im¿Uns‚ ]I¿∏v.
IpSpw_ hm¿jnI hcpam
w 20,000 cq]bn¬ Ihnb
cpXv.
16 I¿jI sXmgn
emfn s]≥j≥
{]Xnamkw 300 cq]
n¿±njvS t^mdØnepff
At]£bpsS c≠p ]I¿
∏pIƒ. tdj≥ Im¿Uns‚
]I¿∏v, `qkzØns‚ hnhc
߃, I¿jI sXmgnemfn
t£an[nbn¬ AwKambn
cp∂Xns‚ km£y]{Xw,
{]mbw sXfnbn°p∂ tcJ
(Xncn®dnb¬ Im¿Uv/P
k¿´n^n°‰v/kvIqƒ
k¿´n^n°‰v/saUn°¬
k¿´n^n°‰v).
tIcfØn¬ ]Øph¿j
ambn ÿncXmakambncn
°Ww, 60 hb v XnI™n
cn°Ww. IpSpw_ hm¿
jnI hcpamw 11,000 cq]
bn¬ IhnbcpXv.

46. 46
]ucm-h-Im-i-tcJ
17 50 hb np
apIfn¬ {]mb
apff Ahnhm
lnXIƒ°pff
s]≥j≥:
{]Xnamkw
300 cq]
n¿±njvS t^mdØnepff
At]£bpsS c≠p ]I¿
∏pIƒ. {]mbw, hnhmlnX
bsöpffXv sXfnbn
°p∂ k¿´n^n°‰pIƒ,
tdj≥ Im¿Un-s‚bpw Xncn-
®-dn-b¬ Im¿Un-s‚bpw
]I¿∏v.
IpSpw_ hm¿jnI hcp
amw 20,000 cq]bn¬ Ihn
bcpXv. kwÿmØv ÿnc
Xmakambncn°Ww.
18 sXmgn¬ clnX
thXw:
{]Xnamkw
120 cq]
n¿±njvS t^mdØnepff
At]£bpsS c≠p ]I¿
∏pIƒ. Fkv.Fkv.F¬.kn
_p°v, Fwtπmbvsa‚ v
Im¿Uv, tdj≥ Im¿Uns‚
]I¿∏p-Iƒ, {Sm≥kv^¿
k¿´n-^n-°-‰v F∂nh lmP
cm°Ww. Fkv.-F-kv.-F¬.-
kntbm XØp-ey-amb ]co-
£tbm ]mkm-I-Ww. [hn-I-
ew-K¿, Fkv.kn/Fkv.Sn
F∂n-h¿°v Fkv.-F-kv.-
F¬.kn tXm‰mepw At]-
£n-°mw. (n-›nX hb v
Ign™v Fkv.-F-kv.-F¬.
kn ]co£ am{Xw FgpXn
tXm‰-h¿°v _m[-I-a-√) ].
hm¿jnI hcpamw 12,000
cq]bn¬ IhnbcpXv. At]
£Iv kz¥ambn 100 cq]
bn¬ IqSpX¬ {]Xnamk
hcpamap≠mIcpXv. cPn
kvt{Sj≥ bYmImew ]pXp
°nbncn°Ww. 18 hb
np tijw XpS¿®bmbn
aq∂v h¿jw cPnkvt{Sj≥
D≠m-bn-cn-°Ww (Aw-K-
ssh-I-ey-ap-≈-h¿°v c≠v
h¿jw), 35 hb v Ignb
cpXv. hnZym¿∞n Bbncn
°cpXv. At]-£n-°p-∂-
Xnv sXm´papºp≈ aq∂p
h¿jØn-p-≈n¬ Hcp h¿
jtam AXn¬ IqSp-Xtem
Ime-b-f-hn¬ XpS¿®-bmbn
tPmen-bp-≠m-bn-cp∂m¬
A¿l-X-bp-≠mhn√.
19 km[p°fmb
hn[hIfpsS
s]¨a°fpsS
hnhmlØnp
≈ [klmbw
n¿±njvS t^mdØnepff
At]£bpsS c≠p ]I¿
∏pIƒ hnhmlØnp 30
Znhkw apºv ¬IWw.
(At]£IbpsS `¿Øm
hns‚ acW k¿´n^n°‰v,
hnhmlnXbmIp∂ s]¨
Ip´nbpsS P k¿´n^n
°‰v, hcs‚ km£y]{Xw,
tdj≥ Im¿Uns‚ ]I¿∏v
XpSßnbh klnXw).
hm¿jnI hcpamw 20,000
cq]bn¬ IhnbcpXv. ap∂p
h¿jambn tIcfØn¬
Xmakn°p∂hcmIWw.
s]¨Ip-´n-bpsS t]cn-ep≈
hkvXp, B`-c-Ww, ]Ww
apX-em-bh 6000 cq]-bn¬
Ihn-bm≥ ]mSn-√.
20 sI´nS n¿Ωm
W {]h¿Øn
I ƒ ° p ≈
s]¿an‰pIƒ
(tIcf ]©m
bØv sI´nS
n ¿ Ω m W
N´ßƒ 2011)
n¿±njvS t^mdØn¬ 5
cq]bpsS tIm¿´v ^o Ãmºv
]Xn®v At]£n°Ww.
1. hkvXphns‚ B[mc
Øns‚ ]I¿∏v
2. `qnIpXn HSp-°nb
ckoXv
3. ssIhimhImi k¿´n
^n°‰ns‚ ]I¿∏v.
4. n¿ΩmW {]hrØn
bpsS πmpIƒ.
5. At]£^o(sjUyqƒI)
tIcf ]©mb
Øv sI´nS n¿
ΩmW N´ßƒ,
2011, sjUyqƒ II
{ ] I m c a p ≈
s]¿an‰v ^o.

47. 47
]©m-bØv hIp∏v
21 sXcphntmSv
tN¿∂ aXn¬/
`nØn/ then/
InW¿ F∂o
{]h¿Øn°p
≈ s]¿an‰p
Iƒ (tIcf
] © m b Ø v
sI´nS n¿Ωm
W N´ßƒ 2011)
5 cq] tIm¿´v ^o Ãmºp
]Xn® sh≈°Semkn
ep≈ At]£.
1. DSaÿmhImiw sXfn
bn°p∂ {]amWw
2. ssk‰v πm≥
3. At]£ ^o
(sjUyqƒ I)
sI.-]n.-_n.-B¿.
2011 sjUyqƒ
II {]Imcw
s]¿an‰v ^o.
22 sI´nSn¿Ωm
Ww ˛ s]¿an‰v
Imemh[n o
´¬ /]pXp°¬
(tIcf ]©m
bØv sI´nS
n¿ΩmW N´
߃ 2011)
1. s]¿an‰v ¬Inb Xob
Xn apX¬ 3 h¿jtØ
°v km[pX.
2. 5 cq] tIm¿´v ^o Ãmºv
]Xn® sh≈°Semkn
ep≈ At]£.
3. s]¿an‰pw AwKoIrX
πmpw klnXw
4. ]pXp°p∂Xnv Imem
h[n Ign™v Hcp h¿
jØnIw ka¿∏n
°Ww.
o´p∂Xnv km[pXm
Imemh[n Ah-km-n-°p-
∂-Xnpapºv At]£
ka¿∏n °Ww.
23 sXcphntmSp
t N ¿ ∂ p ≈
aXn¬/`nØn/
then/InW¿
s]¿an‰v Imem
h[n o´¬/
]pXp°¬
(tIcf ]©m
bØv sI´nS
n¿ΩmW N´
߃ 2011)
aXn¬ /`nØn
1. s]¿an‰v ¬Inb
XobXn apX¬ Hcp
h¿jw hsc km[pX.
2. InWdnv ¬Inb
XobXn apX¬ 2 h¿jw
km[pX.
3. 5 cq] tIm¿´v ^o ]Xn
∏n®v sh≈°Semkn
ep≈ At]£.
4. s]¿an‰v Imemh[n
Xocp∂Xnv apºv At]
£n°Ww.
sI.]n._n.B¿
2011 {]Imcw
1. sI´nS n¿
ΩmW s]¿
an‰v o´p∂
Xnv s]¿an‰v
^obpsS 10%.
2. ]pXp°p∂
Xnv s]¿an‰v
^obpsS 50%.
sI.]n._n.B¿
2011 {]Imcw
s]¿an‰v ^obpsS
50%.
z tIcf ]©m-b-Øv sI´nS n¿ΩmW N´ßƒ {]Imcw {Kma ]©mbØpIsf Im‰Kdn I,
Im‰Kdn II F∂nßs Xcw Xncn®n´p≠v. c≠v Im‰-K-dn-I-fp-sSbpw ]©m-b-Øp-I-fpsS
hnhcw 26.2.2011 se Pn.H.(Fw.Fkv) º¿˛64/2011/Xkz`h k¿°m¿ DØchv {]Imcw
{]kn-≤o-I-cn-®n´p≠v. ]©mbØpIfn¬ 300 N.-ao-‰¿ hsc hnkvXo¿Æap≈ hmk-Kr-
l-߃°pw 150 N.-ao-‰¿ hsc hnkvXo¿Æ-ap≈ A2, F hn`mKw sI´n-S-߃, ]uƒ{Sn
^mw, sXmgp-Øv, ]c-º-cm-K-X- I-b¿ n¿ΩmW bqWn‰v, ssIØdn bqWn-‰v, Iip-h≠n
bqWn‰v F∂n-hbv°pw (c≠v ne hsc am{Xw) s]¿an‰v Bh-iy-an-√. F∂m¬ n¿ΩmWw
Bcw-`n-°p-∂-Xnv n¿±njvS ^md-Øn¬ sk{I-´-dn°v Adn-bn∏v ¬I-Ww. B[m-c-
Øns‚ ]I¿∏v, ssIh-im-h-Imi k¿´n-^n-°‰v F∂nh lmP-cm-°-Ww.

48. 48
]ucm-h-Im-i-tcJ
24 sI´nS DSa
ÿmhImi
k¿´n^n°‰v.
26 sI´nS DSa
ÿmhImiw
ssIam‰w
sNø¬:
2011 se
tIcf ]©m-
bØv cmPv
(hkvXp nIp-
Xnbpw tkh
D]-n-Ip-Xnbpw
k¿Nm¿÷pw)
N´-߃
5 cq] tIm¿´v ^o Ãmºp
]Xn® shff°Semkn
epff At]£.
sI´nSº¿ At]£bn
epw B[mcØnepw D≠mI
Ww. B[mcØn¬ sI´nS
º¿ tcJs∏SpØnbn´n
s√¶n¬, Sn º¿ sI´nSw
ÿnXn sNøp∂p F∂
hnt√Pm^okdpsS km£y
]{Xw. kwbp-‡m-t]£
Cs√-¶n¬ cPn-ÿ {]Im-c-
ap≈ DS-a-ÿv cPn-tÃUv
tm´okv Ab®v Bt£]w
]cn-K-Wn-®m-bn-cn°pw
A¥na Xocp-amw ssI
s°m≈p-∂Xv
A vsa‚ v cPnÃdnep
≠mbncn°Ww. sI´nS
º¿ ImWn®ncn°Ww.
F¥mhiyØnmWv k¿´n
^n°‰v F∂v hy‡am°n
bncn°Ww.
25 Xma-k-°m-c-m-
sW-∂p≈ k¿
´n-^n-°‰v
5 cq] tIm¿´v ^o Ãmºp
]Xn® shff°Semkn
epff At]£. kz¥w
ho´n-e√ Xma-k-sa-¶n¬
hmSI Icm¿ As√-¶n¬
DS-a-bpsS kΩ-X-]-{Xw.
Xma-kn-°p∂ {Kma-]-©m-b-
Øn¬ At]-£n-°-Ww.
sI´n-S--º¿ ImWn-®n-cn-°-
Ww. Bhiyw hy‡-am-°n
bn-cn-°-Ww. km[m-cW Xma-
k-°m-c-m-bn-cn-°-Ww.
5 cq] tIm¿´v ^o Ãmºp
]Xn® shff°Semkn
epff Ccp-I-£n-I-fp-sSbpw
kwbp‡ At]£. ssI
am‰w kw_‘n® A ¬
tcJ/B[mcw (HdnPnepw
]I¿∏pw), hkvXp ssIhi
°mc≥ acWs∏s´¶n¬
A¥cmhImi k¿´n^n
°‰v, `qn-IpXn HSp-°nb
tcJ.
27 NpaØnb
sI´nS nIpXn
bnt∑epff
A∏o¬
1996 se tIcf
]©m-bØv cmPv
(nIp-Xnn¿Æb
hpw CuSm°epw
A∏oepw)
N´-߃
5 cq] tIm¿´v ^o Ãmºp
]Xn®v shff°Semkn
epff At]£.
sk{I´dn NpaØnb nIp
Xn A[nIamsW∂p ]dbp
∂Xnpff ImcWw ImWn
®v, NpaØnb nIpXn HSp
°n, ckoXns‚ ]I¿∏v
klnXw 30 ZnhkØnIw
[Imcy Ãm‚nwKv IΩ‰n
°mWv A∏o¬ ¬tI-≠Xv.
28 sI´nSnIpXn
Hgnhm°¬:
2011 se
tIcf ]©m-
bØv cmPv
(hkvXp nIp-
Xnbpw tkh
D]-n-Ip-Xnbpw
k¿Nm¿÷pw)
N´-߃
sI´nS nIpXn X≥h¿jw
hscbpffXv AS®pXo¿
Øncn°Ww. nIpXn Hgn
hm°p∂Xnpff ImcW
߃ sXfnhp klnXw Im
Wn®ncn°Ww.
5 cq] tIm¿´v ^o Ãmºp
]Xn®v shff°Semkn
epff At]£.

49. 49
]©m-bØv hIp∏v
29 s]mfn®p
am‰nb
sI´nSØns‚
nIpXn
Hgnhm°¬:
2011 se
tIcf ]©m-
bØv cmPv
(hkvXp nIp-
Xnbpw tkh
D]-n-Ip-Xnbpw
k¿Nm¿÷pw)
N´-߃
5 cq] tIm¿´v ^o Ãmºp
]Xn®v shff°Semkn
epff At]£.
sI´nSº¿ ImWn®ncn°
Ww. sI´nS nIpXn X≥
h¿jw hscbpffXv AS®p
Xo¿Øncn°Ww.
30 H g n ™ p I n S
°p∂Xpaqew
sI´nS nIpXn
CfhpsNø¬:
2011 se
tIcf ]©m-
bØv cmPv
(hkvXp nIp-
Xnbpw tkh
D]-n-Ip-Xnbpw
k¿Nm¿÷pw)
N´-߃
5 cq] tIm¿´v ^o Ãmºp
]Xn®v shff°Semknep
ff At]£. sI´nS º¿
ImWn®ncn°Ww. sI´nS
nIpXn X≥h¿jw hsc
bpffXv AS®p Xo¿Øncn
°Ww.
GsX-¶nepw A¿≤ h¿j
Øn¬ 60 Znh-ktam AXn-
¬ IqSp-Xtem Hgn™pw
hmS-I-bv°pw sImSp-°msX
InS-∂n´ps≠¶n¬ am{Xw.
Hcp {]tXyI XobXn apX
¬ sI´nSw HgnbpIbpw hmS
Ibv°v sImSp°mXncn°pI
bpw sNøpsa∂v sk{I´dn
°v ap≥Iq´n tm´okv ¬
Inbncn°Ww. tm´okns‚
Imemh[n AXv sImSp
°p∂ A¿≤h¿jtØ°v
am{Xambncn°pw.
31 s]¿an-‰n-√mØ
n¿ΩmWw/
hyXn-bmw/
sI´nSn¿
ΩmW {Ia -
h¬°-cWw:
2011 se
tIcf ]©m-
bØv cmPv
(sI´nS
n¿ΩmW)
N´-߃
5 cq] tIm¿´v ^o Ãmºp
]Xn® n›nX t^mdØn
epff At]£. B-[m-c-
Øns‚ ]I¿∏v, ssIh-
im-h-Imi k¿´n-^n-°‰v,
ssk‰v πmpw a‰-p-_‘
πmp-Ifpw. AwKo-IrX
πmn¬ n∂pw hyXn-bm--
ap-s≠-¶n¬ AwKo-IrX
πmpw e`n® s]¿an‰pw
^okv HSp-°nb tcJ-bpw.
N´ßƒ°v Ap-kr-X-am-bn-
cn-°-Ww.
32 sI´nSØns‚
GPv k¿´n^n
°‰v
5 cq] tIm¿´v ^o Ãmºp
]Xn® shff°Semknep
ff At]£. sI´nSº¿
ImWn®ncn°Ww. sI´nS
nIpXn X≥h¿jw hsc
bpffXv AS®pXo¿Øncn
°Ww.
sI´nS n¿ΩmWØnp
e`n® AphmZ]{XnI,
n¿ΩmWw ]q¿Ønbm°nb
XobXn, nIpXn NpaØnb
XobXn, km£y]{Xw
F¥mhiyØnmsW∂
hnhcw apXembh ImWn
®ncn°Ww.

50. 50
]ucm-h-Im-i-tcJ
33 ^mIvSdnIƒ, hy
hkmb ÿm]
߃, h¿°v
tjm∏pIƒ XpS
ßnbh Bcw`n
°p∂Xnp≈
ssek-≥kv
(tI-cf ]©m-
bØv cmPv BIvSv,
1996 se tIcf
]©mbØv cmPv
(B-]¬°-chpw
Ak-lyhpamb
h y m ] m - c - ß ƒ
°pw ^mIvS-dn-
Iƒ°pw sse
k≥kv ¬I¬)
N´-߃
5 cq] tIm¿´v ^o
Ãmºp ]Xn® n¿
±njvS t^mdØnep
ff At]£. (sI
´nSw hmSIbv°m
sW¶n¬ DSabpsS
kΩX]{Xw)
ÿeØns‚ tcJ (HdnPn
epw ]I¿∏pw), ]pc-bnSw/sI
´n-S-Øns‚ πmpw a‰p--_‘
πmp-Ifpw, a‰p ÿm]ß
fn¬ n∂pw e`nt°≠p∂
ncmt£] ]{X߃ (DZm:-˛
s]meyqj≥ I¨t{Smƒ
t_m¿Uv, BtcmKy hIp∏v,
sshZypXn hIp∏v, ^b¿
t^mgvkv, ^mIvSdn C≥kvs]-
IvS¿, ssanwKv & Pntbm-f-Pn,
hw hIp-∏v, FIvkvtπm-kohv
ssek≥kv XpSßn-bh),
i‡ntbm n¿ΩmW b{¥
tam b{¥-km-a-{Kntbm kw_-
‘n®v ]©m-bØv Bh-iy-
s∏-Sp∂ hnh-c-߃.
N´ßƒ {]Imcw
34 hym]mc ÿm]
Ønpff
ssek≥kv
(tI-cf ]©m-b
Øv cmPv BIvSv,
1996 se tIcf
]©mbØv cmPv
(B-]¬°-chpw
Ak-lyhpamb
h y m ] m - c - ß ƒ
°pw ^mIvS-dn
Iƒ°pw s s e
k≥kv ¬I¬)
N´-߃
5 cq] tIm¿´v ^o
Ãmºp ]Xn®
n›nX t^mdØn
epff At]£.
]pXpXmbn Bcw`n°phm≥
30 Znhkw apºv At]£
¬IpI. sI´nSw kw_
‘n® tcJ (hmSI sI´nS
amsW¶n¬ kΩX]{Xw,
hmSINo´v). ssek≥kv
]pXp°p∂Xnv kmºØn
I h¿jw Ahkmn°p∂
Xnv Hcp amkw apºv ]gb
ssek≥kns‚ ]I¿∏v k
lnXw At]£ ¬IWw.
N´ßƒ {]Imcw
35 ]∂n, ]´n F∂n
hsb hf¿Øp
∂Xnpff
ssek≥kv
1998 se tIcf ]©m
bØvcmPv(]-∂n-Iƒ
°pw ]´n-Iƒ°pw
ssek≥kv ¬I¬)
N´-߃
5 cq] tIm¿´v ^o
Ãmºp ]Xn® sh
ff°Semknepff
At]£. {]mbw,
ndw F∂n-h ImWn-
®n-cn-°-Ww.
{]Xntcm[ IpØnhbv]v S
ØnbXns‚ k¿´n^n°‰v
At]£tbmsSm∏ap≠m
IWw.
36 kzImcy Bip
]{XnIƒ, ]mcm
saUn°¬ÿm
]߃/Syq
t´mdnb¬ ÿm
] ߃ XpS
ßnbhbpsS
cPnkvt{Sj≥
N´ßƒ {]Imcw
5 cq] tIm¿´v ^o
Ãmºp ]Xn® n
›nX t^mdØnep
ff At]£. ÿm
]w Bcw`n°p∂
Xnv 15 Znhkw apºv
At]£ ¬ IWw.
sI´nSw kw_‘n® tcJ (hmSI
sI´nSamsW¶n¬ kΩX]{Xw,
hmSINo´v) apXembh D≠mbncn
°Ww. cPnkvt{Sj≥ ]pXp°p∂
Xnv kmºØnI h¿jw Ahkm
n°p∂Xnv Hcp amkw apºv
]gb ssek≥kns‚ ]I¿∏v kln
Xw n›nX t^mdØn¬ At]
£ ¬IWw.
tI-cf ]©m-bØv cmPv
BIvSv, 1997 se tIcf
]©mbØv cmPv (kzImcy
Bip]-{Xn-I-fp-sSbpw kz
Imcy ]mcm-sa-Un-°¬
ÿm]--ß-fp-sSbpw cPn-kv
t{S-j≥) N´-߃, 1999 se
tIcf ]©mbØv cmPv
(Syqt´m-dn-b¬ ÿm]
ßfpsS cPn-kvt{S-j≥) N´-
߃ {]Imcw
Ipdn∏v: At]-£-tbm-sSm∏w lmP-cm-°p∂ tcJ-I-fpsS ]I¿∏p-Iƒ Ak¬ ImWn®p t_m≤y-
s∏-Sp-Øp-Itbm km£y-s∏-Sp-Øn-btXm Bbn-cnt°-≠-Xm-Wv.

51. 51
]©m-bØv hIp∏v
{Kmak`
Pm[n]XyØns‚bpw A[nImc hntI{μoIcWØns‚bpw ASnÿm inebmWv
{Kmak`. P߃°v `cWØn¬ tcn´v ]¶mfnØw e`n°p∂ GI `cWLSm kwhn
[mamWnXv. almflmKm‘n hn`mhw sNbvX {KmakzcmPv F∂ k¶ev]w bmYm¿∞y
am°p∂Xnp≈ Hcp D]m[nbmWv {Kmak`.
Hcp {Kma ]©mbØns‚ ntbmPI afiew ASnÿmam°nbmWv {Kmak` cq]o
Icn®n´p≈Xv. 978 {Kma ]©mbØpIfnembn 16680 {Kmak`IfmWv tIcfØnep≈Xv.
Hcp ntbmPI afieØnse apgph≥ kΩXnZmbIcpw B {Kmak`bnse AwKßfmWv.
_‘s∏´ {Kma ]©mbØwKamWv {Kmak`m I¨ho¿. {Kma]©mbØv {]knU‚ v
A≤y£mbncn°pw. {Kma]©mbØv n›bn°p∂ ÿeØmWv tbmKw tNtc≠Xv.
aq∂pamkØnsemcn°¬ F∂ IW°n¬ h¿jØn¬ 4 {]mhiysa¶nepw {Kmak` tbmKw
tNcWw. {Kmak` Dƒs°m≈p∂ {]tZisØ {]Xnn[oIcn°p∂ tªm°v/Pn√m ]©m
bØv AwKtØbpw nbak`mwKtØbpw n¿_‘ambpw {Kmak`m IWho¿ £Wn
t°≠XmWv. BsI {Kmak`mwKßfpsS 10% BWv Izmdw. 10 iXamØne[nIw kΩXn
ZmbI¿ tcJmaqew Bhiys∏´m¬ c≠v km[mcW tbmK߃°nSbn¬ Hcp {]tXyI
tbmKhpw tNtc≠Xp≠v. {Kmak`bpsS tbmKw 3 amkØnsemcn°¬ hnfn®pIq´p∂Xn¬
XpS¿®bmbn c≠pXhW hogvNhcpØnbm¬ _‘s∏´ AwKØns‚ AwKXzw jvSam
Ip∂XmWv. kΩXnZmbI¿°v X߃ sXscs™SpØ {]Xnn[nbpambn h¿jØn¬ mep
{]mhiysa¶nepw apJmapJw kwhZn°m≥ {Kmak` Ahkcap≠m°p∂p. ap≥h¿jsØ
hnIk]cn]mSnIsfbpw S∏ph¿jØn¬ Gs‰Sp°mpt±in°p∂ hnIk ]cn]mSn
Isfbpw CXnpth≠nhcp∂ sNehnsbpw kw_‘n® Hcp dnt∏m¿´pw ap≥ h¿jsØ
hm¿jnI IW°pIfpsS Hcp tÉvsa‚pw `cWn¿ΔlWm[nImcÿs‚ Hcp dnt∏m¿´pw
BZytbmKØn¬ {Kmak` apºmsI hbvt°≠XmWv. {Kmak`IfpsS ip]m¿iIƒ°pw
n¿t±i߃°pw {XnXe ]©mbØpIƒ A¿lamb ]cnKW evtI≠XmWv. {Kmak`
Iƒ°v {]tXyI NpaXeIfpw nbaØn¬ hyhÿ sNbvXn´p≠v. hnhn[ t£a ]≤XnIƒ
°p≈ KpWt`m‡m°sf sXscs™Sp°mp≈ NpaXe {Kmak`Iƒ°mWv. {Kmak`
Xømdm°p∂ KpWt`m‡r enÃntem ap≥KWm{IaØntem am‰w hcpØm≥ ]mSn√. {Kma
k`bneqsSbmWv {Kma ]©mbØpIfpsS ]≤XnIƒ DcpØncnbp∂Xv. ]≤Xnbmkq{XW
Ønepw n¿ΔlWØnepw aqeyn¿ÆbØnepw {Kmak`Iƒ°v n¿ÆmbIamb ÿmw

52. 52
]ucm-h-Im-i-tcJ
nbaw hyhÿ sNbvXn´p≠v. AXnm¬ {Kmak`Iƒ°v ]©mbØpIsf KpWIcambpw
amXrIm]cambpw bn°m≥ Ignbpw.
{Kmak`bpsS {][m NpaXeIƒ
1. ]©mbØns‚ hnIk ]≤XnIƒ Bhnjv°cn°p∂Xnmhiyamb hniZmwi߃
tiJcn°p∂Xnpw kamlcn°p∂Xnpw klmbn°pI.
2. {Kma{]tZiØv S∏mt°≠ ]≤XnIfpsSbpw hnIk]cn]mSnIfpsSbpw n¿t±i
߃°v cq]w evIpIbpw ap≥KW n¿t±in°pIbpw sNøpI.
3. hnIk {]h¿Ø߃ SØp∂Xnmhiyamb kuIcy߃, klmb߃, k∂≤
tkhw F∂nh evIpI.
4. sXcphphnf°pIƒ, IpSnsh≈Ønp≈ s]mXpSm∏pIƒ, s]mXpInWdpIƒ, s]mXp
ipNoIcW kwhn[m߃ XpSßnbh ÿm]n°p∂Xv kw_‘n®v n¿t±i߃
evIpI.
5. ipNnXzw, ]cnÿnXn kwc£Ww, aenoIcWnb{¥Ww XpSßnb s]mXpXmev]cy
ap≈ kwKXnIsf kw_‘n®v Adnhp ]Icp∂Xnmhiyamb ]≤XnIƒ Bhnjv°
cn°pIbpw AgnaXn, hymPhpw Ir{Xnahpamb CS]mSpIƒ XpSßnb kmaqlnI
Xn∑Iƒs°Xnsc Pm{KX ]men°pIbpw sNøpI.
6. s]mXpP߃°nSbn¬ sFIyhpw kulm¿±hpw hf¿ØpI. BfpIfn¬ k∑tm
`mhw hf¿Øp∂Xnmbn Iem˛ImbnI tafIƒ kwLSn∏n°pI.
7. ]©mbØns‚ hnIk {]h¿Ø߃ SØp∂ KpWt`m‡rIΩn‰nIsf nco£n
°pIbpw klmbn°pIbpw sNøpI.
8. k¿°mcn¬ n∂pw e`n°p∂ s]≥j≥, k_vknUn F∂nht]mep≈ hnhn[Xcw t£a
klmb߃ e`n°p∂ BfpIfpsS A¿lX ]cntim[n°pI.
9. {Kmak`bpsS {]tZiØv S∏nem°m≥ Dt±in°p∂ ]WnIsf kw_‘n®v FÃnta‰p
IfpsS hniZamb hnhc߃ tiJcn°pI.
10. ASpØ aq∂v amkØnp≈n¬ _‘s∏´ DtZymKÿ≥ ApjvTnt°≠ tkh
ßfpw sNømpt±in°p∂ {]h¿Øßfpw kw_‘n® hnhc߃ e`yam°pI.
11. {Kmak`m {]tZisØ kw_‘n®v ]©mbØv FSpØn´p≈ Hmtcm XocpamØns‚bpw
bp‡n AdnbpI.
12. {Kmak`bpsS Xocpam߃ kw_‘n®v FSpØn´p≈ XpS¿S]SnIsf°pdn®pw
GsX¶nepw Xocpamw S∏nem°nbn´n√msb¶n¬ AXnp≈ hniZamb ImcWßsf
°pdn®pw AdnbpI.
13. ipNoIcW {]{InbIfn¬ {Kma]©mbØnse Poh°mcpambn klIcn°pIbpw
N∏pNhdpIƒ o°w sNøp∂Xnv k∂≤tkhw evIpIbpw sNøpI.
14. {Kmak`bpsS {]tZisØ ip≤PehnXcWw, sXcphv hnf°v IØn°¬ F∂o kwhn
[mßfnse t]mcmbvaIƒ Is≠Øn ]cnlmcam¿§ßƒ n¿t±in°pI.
15. {Kmak`m {]tZisØ kv°qfpIfnse A≤ym]I˛c£mI¿Ør kwLSIfpsS
{]h¿Øßfn¬ klmbn°pI.

53. 53
]©m-bØv hIp∏v
16. s]mXpPmtcmKy {]h¿Øßfn¬, {]tXyIn®v tcmK{]Xntcm[Ønepw IpSpw_t£a
{]h¿Øßfnepw klmbn°pI. IqSmsX, ImemImeßfn¬ n¿Æbn°s∏Smhp∂
a‰p NpaXeIfpw n¿Δ-ln-°pI.
{Kmak`bpsS {][m DØchmZnØz߃
1. hnIkhpw t£ahpw kw_‘n® {]h¿Øßsf°pdn®p≈ hnhc߃ {]Ncn
∏n°pI.
2. BtcmKyhpw km£cXbpw kw_‘n®Xpw AXpt]msebp≈ hnIk]camb a‰v
kab_‘nX ]cn]mSnIfnepw ]s¶Sp°pIbpw AXnmbn {]NmcWw SØpIbpw
sNøpI.
3. BhiykmaqlnI˛kmºØnI ASnÿm tcJIƒ tiJcn°pI.
4. hnIk{]h¿ØßfpsS ]ptcmKXnsb kw_‘n® hnhc߃ tiJcn®v evIpI.
5. nIpXn ¬Ip∂Xnpw hmbv] Xncn®Sbv°p∂Xnpw ]cnÿnXn ipNoIcWw sa®
s∏SpØp∂Xnpw kaqlØn¬ sFIyw nen¿Øp∂Xnpambn [m¿ΩnIamb am¿§
߃ Ahew_n°pI.
6. ]©mbØns‚ [mKaam¿§ßƒ h¿≤n∏n°p∂Xnmbn {]mtZinIambn hn`hkam
lcWw SØpI.
7. k∂≤ kwLßsf∂ nebn¬ hnIk {]h¿ØßfpsS ta¬tm´w hln°pI.
8. kmw{IanI tcmK߃, {]IrXnt£m`߃ apXembh D≠mbm¬ s]s´∂v hnhcw
¬Iphmp≈ kwhn[mßfp≠m°pI.

54. 54
]ucm-h-Im-i-tcJ
alm-flm-Km‘n tZiob {KmaoW
sXmgn-ep-d∏v ]≤Xn
alm-flm-Km‘n tZiob {KmaoW sXmgnepd∏v nbaw AhnZKv≤ ImbnI sXmgn¬
sNøm≥ k∂≤Xbp≈, {]mb]q¿Ønbmb AwKßfp≈, GsXmcp {KmaoW IpSpw_
Ønpw Hcp kmºØnI h¿jØn¬ 100 ZnhksØ sXmgn¬ Dd∏p ¬Ip∂p. {KmaoW
taJebnse PßfpsS kmaqlnI kmºØnI ]ptcmKXnbpw kmaqly kaXzhpw Dd∏m
°pI, {]mtZinIamb sXmgn¬, hcpamw F∂nh h¿≤n∏n°pI, kv{Xo˛]pcpj AkaXzw
Ipdbv°pI, XpeytPmen°v XpeythXw, Kcßfnte°p≈ IpSntb‰w XSbpI, aÆv˛
Pew, ssPhkºØv, ]cnÿnXn F∂nhbpsS kwc£Ww Dd∏m°n Im¿jnI taJe
i‡ns∏SpØpI, Zcn{ZPhn`mKßfpsS Bhmk tI{μßfpsS ]mcnÿnXnI timjWw
XSbpI, sXmgnseSp°p∂hcn¬ kwLt_m[hpw kmaqlnI t_m[hpw hf¿Øn Iq´mbva
Dd∏phcpØpI, CSØ´pImcpsSbpw IcmdpImcpsSbpw NqjWØn¬ n∂v sXmgnseSp°p
∂hsc kwc£n°pI XpSßnbhbpw sXmgnepd∏v ]≤XnbpsS e£yßfmWv. ÿmbnbmb
Zmcn{Zy eLqIcWØnp≈ Cu km≤yXIfmWv alm-flm-Km‘n tZiob {KmaoW
sXmgnepd∏v ]≤Xnsb ap≥Ime sXmgn¬Zm ]≤XnIfn¬ n∂pw hyXykvXam°p∂Xv.
khntijXIƒ
z annaw Iqen Dd∏p¬Ip∂p z {]h¿ØnbpsS BsI sNehn¬ thXLSIw 60%
¬ Ipdbm≥ ]mSn√. km[ kma{KnIfpw hnZKv≤˛A¿≤ hnZKv≤ sXmgnemfnIfpsS Iqen
AS°w 40 iXamØn¬ A[nIcn°m≥ ]mSn√ z IcmdpIm¿ ]mSn√ z b{¥ßƒ
D]tbmKn°p∂Xnep≈ nb{¥Ww z thXØnv Bp]mXnIambn BkvXnIƒ
krjvSn°Ww z ]≤Xn Bkq{XWØn¬ {XnXe ]©mbØpIƒ°v apJy]¶v z
n¿ΔlWw ]q¿Æambpw {Kma]©mbØpIƒ aptJ.
hyhÿIfpw AhImißfpw
z AhnZKv≤ ImbnIm≤zmw sNøm≥ k∂≤Xbp≈hcpw ]©mbØn¬ ÿnc
Xmak°mcpambncn°Ww z 18 hbkv ]q¿Ønbmbncn°Ww (Db¿∂ {]mb]cn[ntbm,
F.]n.F¬/_n.]n.F¬ hnthNtam C√) z {Kma]©mbØn¬ cPnkvt{Sjv At]£n®v
15 ZnhkØnIw sXmgn¬ Im¿Uv e`n°pw z Ipd™Xv 14 ZnhktØ°v sXmgnenv

55. 55
]©m-bØv hIp∏v
At]£n°Ww z tPmen°v ap≥Iqdmbpw At]£n°mw z At]£ e`n®v 15 ZnhkØnIw
sXmgn¬ z sXmgn¬ ¬Ins°m≠p≈ Adnbn∏v tcJmaqew ¬IWw z 7 Znhkw
IqSptºmƒ Iqen, ]camh[n 14 ZnhkØnIw As√¶n¬ 1936˛se t]bvsa‚ v Hm^v thPkv
BIvSv Apkcn®v jvS]cnlmcw z BsI sXmgnens‚ 1/3 kv{XoIƒ°v z IpSpw_
Ønv ]camh[n 100 Znhkw sXmgn¬ z 5 Intemao‰dnp≈n¬ tPmen As√¶n¬ 10%
A[nIw Iqen z IpSn°mp≈ sh≈w, hn{ia kuIcyw, {]Yaip{iqjm kuIcyw F∂nh
]WnbnSßfn¬ D≠mbncn°Ww z ]cn°v ]‰nbm¬ kuPy NnIn’ z A]IS acWw/
ÿnc AwKsshIeyØnv jvS]cnlmcw z sXmgnemfnIfpsS 6 hb n¬ Xmsgbp≈
Ip´nIƒ°v ]cn]me kuIcyw (Ipd™Xv 5 t]¿) z Ip´n°v sXmgn¬ ÿeØph®v
A]ISw ]‰nbm¬ kuPy NnIn’.
Gs‰Spt°≠ {]h¿ØnIfpsS ap≥KWm{Iaw
1. Pekwc£Whpw ags°mbvØpw.
2. hkwc£Whpw acwh®p]nSn∏n°epw AXphgn hcƒ® XSbepw.
3. PetkN tXmSpIƒ Dƒs∏sSbp≈ PetkN ]≤XnIƒ.
4. ]´nIPmXn˛]´nIh¿§ hn`mKØn¬s∏´h¿, Zmcn{ZytcJbv°v Xmsgbp≈h¿, `q]cnjv
IcWØneqsS `qan e`n®h¿, sF.F.ssh KpWt`m‡m°ƒ, 5 G°¿ hsc `qan-
bp≈ sNdp-InS ]cn-anX I¿j-I¿ F∂nhcpsS `qanbn¬ PetkN kuIcyw, tlm¿´n
°ƒ®¿ πmt‚j≥, a‰p `qhnIk ]cn]mSnIƒ.
5. Ipf߃ hrØnbm°¬ apXemb ]cºcmKX Pet{kmX pIfpsS ]p¿n¿ΩmWw.
6. `qhnIkw.
7. sh≈s°´p≈ {]tZißfn¬ Agp°pNm¬ n¿Ωn°p∂Xpƒs∏sSbp≈ sh≈s∏m°
nb{¥W {]h¿Øßfpw a‰p kwc£W {]h¿Øßfpw.
8. {Kma߃ XΩn¬ _‘n∏n°p∂Xnv GXp Imemhÿbnepw D]tbmKtbmKyamb
tdmUpIfpsS n¿ΩmWw. (BsI ]≤Xn sNehns‚ 10%˛¬ A[nIcn°m≥ ]mSn√)
9. tªm°v, {Kma-]-©m-b-Øp-I-fnse ]›m-Øe kuI-cy hnI-k--Øn-mbn bYm-{Iaw
25 e£w, 10 e£w cq] hoXw sNe-h-gn-®p≈ `mcXv n¿Ωm¨, cmPo-hvKm‘n tkh
tI{μ n¿ΩmWw.
10. kwÿm k¿°mcpIfpambp≈ IqSnbmtemNIƒ°v tijw tI{μKh¨sa‚ v
hn⁄m]w sNbvX a‰v GXv tPmenbpw.

56. 56
]ucm-h-Im-i-tcJ
kzcmPv t{Sm^n
A[nImchntI{μoIcWØnepw hntI{μoIrXmkq{XWØnepw Hcp hnkvabamWv
tIcfØnse Xt±ikzbw`cW ÿm]߃. ]e Xt±i`cW ÿm]ßfpw BtcmKy
Icamb a’ckz`mhtØmsSbmWv `cWhnIkt£a{]h¿Ø߃ SØnhcp∂Xv.
Cu cwKØv anI®{]ISw ImgvNhbv°p∂ ]©mbØpIsf BZcn°p∂Xv Cu ÿm]
߃°v IqSpX¬ IcpØp]Icpsa∂pw amXrIm]camb {]h¿Øw ImgvNhbv°m≥ klm
bn°psa∂pw k¿°m¿ hnebncpØnbXns‚ ASnÿmØnemWv F√mh¿jhpw anI®
Xt±ikzbw`cW kYm]ßsf sXcs™SpØv BZcn°m≥ Xocpamn®Xv. 1995˛96 h¿jw
apX¬ anI® {Kma]©mbØpIsf kwÿmXeØnepw Pn√mXeØnepw sXcs™SpØv
t{Sm^nbpw Iymjv Ahm¿Upw km£y]{Xhpw ¬In BZcn®p hcp∂p. almflPn hn`mhw
sNbvX {KmakzcmPns Apkvacn®psIm≠v 1996˛97 apX¬ t{Sm^n°v "kzcmPv' F∂v
maIcWw sNbvXp.
kwÿmXeØn¬ anI® {Kma]©mbØnv kzcmPv t{Sm^nbpw 25 e£w cq]
{]tXyI ]≤Xn klmb[ambpw e`n°pw. Pn√mXeØn¬ H∂mw ÿmw tSp∂
{Kma]©mbØpIƒ°v kzcmPv t{Sm^nbpw ]≤Xn klmb[ambn 10 e£w cq] hoXhpw
e`n°pw. c≠mw ÿmw tSp∂ ]©mbØpIƒ°v km£y]{Xhpw IqSmsX {]tXyI
]≤Xn klmb[ambn 5 e£w cq] hoXhpw e`n°p∂XmWv.
kwÿmXeØn¬ anI® {]h¿ØØnv
kzcmPv t{Sm^n e`n® {Kma]©mbØpIƒ
1995˛96 I™n°pgn Be∏pg
1996˛97 h≈n°p∂v ae∏pdw
1997˛98 ]oent°mSv ImkdtKmUv
1998˛99 XncpamdmSn FdWmIpfw
1999˛2000 Imt¶m¬˛Be∏Sº IÆq¿
2000˛01 Ah∂q¿ Xr»q¿
2001˛02 ]ßmSv tImgnt°mSv
2002˛03 s]cnßc ]ØwXn´
2003˛04 amßm´nSw IÆq¿
2004˛05 amßm´nSw IÆq¿
2005˛06 ASm´v Xr»q¿
2006˛07 sNdnbmSv Be∏pg
2007˛08 sSpº sIm√w
2008˛09 ASm´v Xr»q¿
2009˛10 sSpº sIm√w
h¿jw {Kma]©mbØns‚ t]cv Pn√ h¿jw {Kma]©mbØns‚ t]cv Pn√