This is the presentation prepared accordingly to the full paper provided with my ID.

1. By
M. Mayur
IVth CIVIL - SIETK,
PUTTUR.
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2. Structure of Earth
 Earth - three layers - Crust, Mantle, Core.
 Crust - surface of Earth, Mantle – second inner part of
the Earth, Core - most inner part of the Earth.
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3. What are Earthquakes?
• sudden movement - surface of the earth - may be tiny
or several feet.
• enormous amounts - of energy released – greater -
Nuclear Bomb.
• sudden shift of rock - fracture of Earth.
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5. Origin of Earthquakes
 Earthquakes - Plate Tectonic Forces.
 Theory of Plate tectonic forces -
 He stated that continents moved from their original
position - Continental Drift.
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6.  Different boundaries - tectonic forces induces Earth:
Divergent boundary, Convergent, Transform boundaries.
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7. Seismology
 When earthquakes occur, waves travel in Earth in
form of vibrations, such waves are called Seismic
Waves.
 Study of such waves - Seismology.
 Instrument measuring seismic waves - Seismometer.
 Graphs given by that seismometer - Seismic Graph.
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9. Terms of EQ’s:
 Seismic Loading : Main cause of Earthquakes
 Seismic Performance : Structure’s ability -
functions - safety and serviceability - exposure -
earthquake.
 Seismic Analysis : Major intellectual tool –
understand seismic performance of structures.
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10.  Earthquakes affect RCC
structures too…
 Slabs forces the beam
to bend with it when
horizontal forces act.
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11. Earthquake resistant designs
 Design - but it is analysis of forces - buildings due to
loads acting on it.
 If a building is enough to resist the earthquake, then
such building is called Earthquake resistant structure.
 Such design is called Earthquake resistant designs
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12. Popular Earthquake resistant
Techniques
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13. Introduction of Resistant
techniques
 Thought - Base Isolation Devices - separate building
from ground by some rubber devices.
 Seismic dampers - special devices - introduced in
building - absorb the energy - produced by seismic
waves.
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14. Base Isolation Devices
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15. Base Isolation Devices
Base isolation Devices - Active Control System which
contains:
• Sensors - measure external
excitation - structural response.
• Computer hardware and
software - compute control forces –
observed excitation.
• Actuators – provide –
necessary control forces.
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16.  Control Force Devices
 Active Tuned Mass Dampers - natural extension –
experiments indicate 25% less damage.
 Tendon Control – used even for active devices – works
when active devices are off – act by resisting tension
in structure.
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22. Seismic Dampers
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23. SD’s in structures:
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25.  Dampers are of:
 Viscous Damper
 Friction Damper
 Yielding Damper

28. Note points:
BID SD’S
 separating structures from  additional systems
ground by means of devices. introduced in structures.
 Can be done when structure  even when structure is
is already constructed, but it completed, systems can be
is costly. introduced.
 Cheaper compared to  Very costly, since linked with
Seismic Dampers. hardware programmes.
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29. Frames Resisting EQ’
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32. Increase in Seismic
Performance
 Quality Control in Construction.
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35. CONCLUSION
 We are only hope of tomorrow’s constructions.
WE ARE HERE ONLY TO PROVIDE
SAFETY TO PUBLIC TO LEAD THEIR LIFE
HAPPILY.
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36. THANK
YOU… 36

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