Project Management Individual Assignment

1. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING AND DESIGN
BACHELOR OF QUANTITY SURVEYING
(HONOURS)
PROJECT MANAGEMENT (MGT 60704)
INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT
NAME: LOH MUN TONG
STUDENT ID: 0323680
LECTURER: MR LEONG BOON TIK
SUBMISSION DATE: 26TH
JUNE 2019

2. 1 | P a g e
INTRODUCTION
The population growth is predicted to hit 9 billion by 2050 and it is estimated that two out of
every three people will be living in cities by 2050 which greatly increases the demand for
construction work. A STRONG DEMAND of construction work obscures a more precarious reality
whereby the construction industry encounters multiple underlying CHALLENGES such as poor
productivity and profitability, reduce project performance and shortages of skilled labours.
Construction Industry has always been described as a labour-intensive industry. According to the
Malaysian Employers Federation (MEF), the Malaysia construction industry is highly dependent
on the foreign workers to the 3D (dangerous, dirty, and difficult) nature of the jobs.
“GREATER MECHANISATION AND MODERNISATION NEED TO BE INTRODUCED AND
IMPLEMENTED. GOVERNMENT, EMPLOYERS, TRADE UNION AND EMPLOYEES NEED
TO WORK CLOSER TO TRANSFORM THE WAY WE PERFORM OUR WORKS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY”, stated by MEF executive director, Datuk Shamsuddin Bardan.
In this report, the possible paradigm shift that could improve time, cost, quality at the same time
increase productivity but do not affect the dependency towards the foreign workers includes:
• Building Information Modelling (BIM)
• MRCB Building System (MBS)
• Project time-cost-quality trade-off problem (PTCQTP) model.

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BUILDING INFORMATION MODELLING
BIM MODEL
One of the possible paradigm shifts that could improve time, cost, quality and productivity
but do not affect the dependency towards foreign workers in the construction industry is the
implementation of Building Information Modelling (BIM) in project management.
BIM constitute a paradigm that transform the way of construction players in the built
environment where it shifts from an inefficient processes and practices for such static which
is two-dimensional (2D) drawings and documentation towards three-dimensional (3D)
model-centric application. BIM dimensions refers to the type of data that are linked to an
information model and these additional dimensions of data helps to facilitate project delivery
in fields of time, cost, quality and productivity.

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BIM IN TIME
4D BIM (four-dimensional building information modelling) adds TIME information to a project
model in the form of Scheduling Data. Time-related information incorporates the Lead Time,
Curation of Materials, duration of Installation and Construction as well as Visualisation of the
progress of project at each stage to develop the project sequentially. This enables the project
planner to generate an accurate project PROGRAMME at the earlier stage and FEEDBACK
any issues before construction take place to create a project that can meet timelines and
deadlines thus improve the delivery time of the project.
BIM IN COST
Cost evaluation of a project can be carried out to determine the lowest cost solutions in 5D
BIM (five-dimensional building information modelling) models. The related cost includes
Capital costs and the associated Running costs. The linking costing approach to a model
enables the cost manager to extrapolate the OVERALL COST for the project and support a
reduction in unnecessary spending of the project which in turn enhances the cost
effectiveness of the development.
BIM IN QUALITY
The Technical Aspects equipped by Building Information Modelling (BIM) improves the quality
of the project. The Simulation and Clash Detection feature in BIM able to identify
inconsistencies and overlap in the geometrical design which assist the estimator to determine
an optimal or alternative solution and make necessary changes instantly. The 3D BIM (three-
dimensional building information modelling) provides a platform for better visualisation of the
project so that Constructability Reviews can be carried out and enables constant monitoring
to ensure the quality of the development.

5. 4 | P a g e
In addition, Building Information Modelling (BIM) facilitates Integrated Project Delivery (IPD).
It is a proven approach to deliver project which unifies with various disciplines and efforts by
integrating all relevant parties such as project managers, architect, engineers, quantity
surveyors, systems and practices into a Collaborative Process. This integrated collaboration
approach combines and unifies information from all the parties into an integrated project
model. It allows the project team to effectively TRACE, EVALUATE and INSPECT the progress
of the project for immediate decision making, resolve dispute and discrepancies if arise to
ensure that the project can be executed successfully. BIM-based IPD approach improves
the productivity of the project and facilitate its management.
CONCLUSION
The capabilities empowered by Building Information Modelling (BIM) plays a crucial role as
an effective MANAGERIAL TOOL for the project manager in decision making on construction
projects. The centralisation of data and data management across a single digital dataset
provides quality assurance across design and making construction more robust. The utilization
of BIM has the potential to save project TIME and COST as well as enhances the overall
QUALITY of the development to a more sophisticated level. Moreover, the application of BIM
could increase the PRODUCTIVITY through delivery of building projects with less rework, design,
and construction errors as compared to the traditional method.

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MRCB BUILDING SYSTEM (MBS)
The existing Industrial Building System is proven as an effective technique implemented across
the construction industry. However, it is inevitable of the appearance of more sophisticated
systems that could cater with the demands of the consumers based on the latest
developments as the technology advances and that leads to the emergence of MRCB
Building System (MBS).
The MRCB Building System (MBS) is an ADVANCE SYSTEM ahead of the existing Industrial
Building System (IBS) methods in Malaysia. It is a FUTURISTIC VOLUMETRIC BUILDING SYSTEM
that is first establish in Malaysia at the ICW 2019 exhibition by Malaysian Resources
Corporation Berhad (MRCB).
According to the Chief Corporate Officer of Malaysian Resources Corporation Berhad,
Amarjit Chhina, this advanced system integrates with the PRE-FABRICATED PREFINISHED
VOLUMETRIC CONSTRUCTION (PPVC) method paired with a jointing system known as the
Candle-Loc Connection system.
The CANDLE-LOC CONNECTION SYSTEM is
a fastening process where the building
components will be assembled completely
off-site. After the fabrication work is
completed off-site, it will be transported to
the site to be installed to form a unit. The
building is formed by stacking the
ASSEMBLED UNITS on one another and lock
into positions by SOLID STAINLESS-STEEL
PINS and LATERAL TIE plated to firmly
secure the modules in place.

7. 6 | P a g e
MBS SYSTEM IN TIME
The MBS system allows off-site production which involve fully-finished building components
to be carried out concurrently with the site development. The off-site fabrication of 3D
modules is achieved through high-technology automation which ease the conversion of
2D precast panels into a 3D model. As a result, up to 95% of the work under MBS is
accomplished off-site for the building components as compared to 30%-40% under
conventional IBS systems. This leads to the reduction of project delivery time by 30%.
MBS SYSTEM IN COST
The MBS system is a time and cost-effective construction method which equipped with all
the latest features of automation and designed to generate buildings quicker without
compromising on the overall quality and efficiency. This ensures that the construction
projects can be completed within unimaginable time frames with lower cost.
MBS SYSTEM IN QUALITY
As it is built in a controlled environment, the project quality is guaranteed with lesser material
wastage and MRCB believes that 90% of QLASSIC is achievable. QLASSIC refers to Quality
Assessment System in Construction which measures and evaluates the quality and
workmanship of a building or construction work.
OTHER BENEFITS IN MBS SYSTEM
Despite enhancing the time, cost and quality of the project, MBS system attempts to improve
on safety on-site through a controlled environment. In addition, it consists the potential to
attract local talent to join the construction workforce by way of a safer, more convenient
and efficient working environment.

8. 7 | P a g e
Moreover, the MBS system features certain sections of units that are hackable due to its
modular structure and it does not only fabricate bare walls but also architectural fittings
and interior finishes which allows for customization in order to accommodate the differing
requirements of the purchaser. For instance, rockwool board for better sound insulation and
addition of fire resistance feature material.
CONCLUSION
MRCB postulate that the MBS system will be successfully implemented as the increasing
amount of companies are tip to participate in the supply chain and there are many
factories have been set up in Johor to supply building components abroad and MRCB is
looking to implement the MBS system for all residential building in Kwasa Sentral, an upcoming
development in Kwasa Damansara City Centre.
Overall, MBS system is a major breakthrough and strive to revolutionise the landscape of the
Malaysia construction industry as it is more efficient, speedier and safer and reduces risks
at the same time while ensuring the safety on site.

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Project Time-Cost-Quality Trade-Off
Problem
(PTCQTP) Model
The third possible paradigm shift is the formulation of project time-cost-quality trade-off
problem (PTCQTP) model in a construction project. The PTCQTP model helps to assist the
project manager to improve comprehensive construction time-cost-quality problem based
on the allocation of construction resources by integrating generic algorithm into the
PTCQTP model.
The Project time-cost-quality trade-off problem (PTCQTP) model is associated with a set of
activities listed by the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) and the activities are linked by
an Activity-On-Node (AON) network. The project’s earliest or latest starting times
(EST/LST) is calculated using the forward-backward passes.
A project can be broken down into a number of construction activities and each activity can
be further decomposed into four main resources namely labour, material, equipment
and administration. The utilization of these resources determines the project’s overall time,
cost and quality performance.

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PTCQTP MODEL IN QUALITY
In the PTCQTP model, the overall quality of a construction project is calculated by each
activity’s quality and its quality weight using the equation as show as follows:
𝑄 = ∑(
𝑛
𝑖=1
𝑊𝑇𝑖 × 𝐴𝑄𝑃𝑖)
Q = the general quality of a construction project;
𝑛 = number of activities in a construction project;
𝑊𝑇𝑖 = quality weight indicator of each construction activity 𝒊;
𝐴𝑄𝑃𝑖 = quality performance of construction activity 𝒊
∑ =𝑛
𝑖=1 summation notation of activity 𝒊
𝐴𝑄𝑃𝑖 is calculated by (𝐿𝑊𝑇𝑖 × 𝐿𝑄𝑖 ) + (𝑀𝑊𝑇𝑖 × 𝑀𝑄𝑖 ) + (𝐸𝑊𝑇𝑖 × 𝐸𝑄𝑖 ) + (𝐴𝑊𝑇𝑖 × 𝐴𝑄𝑖 )
𝐿𝑊𝑇𝑖 = weight indicators of labour in activity 𝒊
𝑀𝑊𝑇𝑖 = weight indicators of material in activity 𝒊
𝐸𝑊𝑇𝑖 = weight indicators of equipment in activity 𝒊
𝐴𝑊𝑇𝑖 = weight indicators of administration in activity 𝒊
𝐿𝑄𝑖 = quality of labour in activity 𝒊
𝑀𝑄𝑖= quality of material in activity 𝒊
𝐸𝑄𝑖 = quality of labour in activity 𝒊
𝐴𝑄𝑖 = quality of administration in activity 𝒊

11. 10 | P a g e
PTCQTP IN COST
The overall cost of a construction project is derived from the addition of each construction
activity’s cost and its administration cost, 𝐴𝐶𝑖. In the PTCQTP model, the overall cost, 𝐶 is
calculated as follows:
𝐶 = ∑(
𝑛
𝑖=1
𝐿𝐶𝑖 + 𝑀𝐶𝑖 + 𝐸𝐶𝑖 + 𝐴𝐶𝑖)
𝐶 = overall cost of a construction project
𝑛 = number of all construction activities
𝐿𝐶𝑖= cost of labour in activity 𝒊
𝑀𝐶𝑖= cost of materials in activity 𝒊
𝐸𝐶𝑖= cost of equipment in activity 𝒊
𝐴𝐶𝑖 = cost of administration in activity 𝒊
PTCQTP IN TIME
Overall time, 𝑇 of construction project is calculated as follows:
𝑇 = max
𝑖=1,𝑛
( 𝐸𝑆𝑇𝑖 + 𝐷𝑢𝑟𝑖)
𝑇 = overall time in construction project
𝐸𝑆𝑇𝑖 = 𝑚𝑎𝑥ℎ=1,𝑖−1 (𝐸𝑆𝑇ℎ + 𝐷𝑢𝑟ℎ)
The earliest starting time of activity is determined by its predecessors of activity 𝒊

12. 11 | P a g e
WHY PTCQTP?
The application of PTCQTP model is to ensure that the construction project achieve the
minimum quality level, 𝑄 𝑚𝑖𝑛
that is secure and supervise by the government to ensure
public safety and interest. This model attempts to identify the construction project attain with
the minimum construction quality standards.
In the event if the project consists of unqualified parts, the parts should be substitute and
rework to hit the minimum requirements, for instance, the minimum labour quality, 𝐿𝑄𝑖
min, the
minimum material quality, 𝑀𝑄𝑖
min, the minimum equipment quality, 𝐸𝑄𝑖
min and the minimum
administration quality 𝐴𝑄𝑖
min.
In addition, this model could assist with a better project time planning through the
calculation of time needed in which it incorporates the overtime factor to ensure the project
could be completed and delivered to the owner on time. The controlling of cost can be
carried out effectively which likely reduces the probability of overbudget.

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CONCLUSION
To conclude, the PTCQTP model is generally used to reduce the project overall time while
remain to the requirements of construction quality standards within a stated budget,
which can be depicted as follows
min 𝑍1 = 𝑇;
s. t. 𝐶 ∙ 𝑋 ≤ 𝐴; 𝑄 ∙ 𝑋 ≥ 𝐵
𝑍1 = minimum project time
𝑇 = The overall time in a construction project
𝐶 = The overall cost of a construction project
𝐴 = The specified maximum cost
𝑄 = The general quality of a construction project
𝐵 = The minimum requirements of construction quality
𝑋 = a vector of all variables in the PTCQTP model
2075 WORDS