3. Not conceiving after 12 months of regular sexual
intercourse without the use of birth control.
However, for women aged 35 and older, inability to conceive after 6 months
is generally considered infertility.
4. Types of Infertility
Primary Infertility/Subfertility
who have not become pregnant after at
least 1 year having sex without using birth
control methods.
Secondary Infertility
couples who have been able to get pregnant
at least once, but now are unable.
5. Infertility Rate
8% to 12% of couples worldwide are infertile
The actual rate of infertility in Bangladesh is still unknown.
7. Male Infertility
A medical condition:
• This could be a testicular infection, cancer or surgery.
Semen and sperm:
Low sperm count
Abnormal sperm
Low sperm mobility (motility)
8. Overheated testicles: Use hot tubs,
wearing tight clothes, and working in hot.
Ejaculation disorders: If the ejaculatory
ducts are blocked, semen may be
ejaculated into the bladder.
Hormonal imbalance: Hypogonadism
(testosterone deficiency).
Other causes
• Genetic factors
• Radiation therapy
• Chemotherapy
• Some diseases: Anemia, Cushing’s
syndrome, diabetes and thyroid disease
10. Semen analysis (WHO Guideline)
Biochemical test (CBC, P. Sugar)
Hormone test (Testosterone, FSH, LH)
Molecular diagnosis (Karyotyping, y-chromosomal microdilution)
Cytopathology (FNAC, Biopsy)
Serological test
Imaging test etc.
Test we can promote
11. Female Infertility
Ovulation disorders: The ovaries stop working before the age of 40 years
Problems in the uterus or fallopian tubes can prevent the
egg from traveling from the ovary to the uterus
Chronic conditions: These include AIDS or cancer
PCOS Prolactin
Poor egg
quality
Thyroid
problem
Endometr
iosis
12. Risk Factor of Female Infertility.
NSAIDs
Non-steroidal
anti-
inflammatory
drug long-term
use of aspirin or
ibuprofen may
make it harder
to conceive
.
Chemo-
Therapy
.
Radiation
- therapy
Illegal drugs
Cholesterol
Some women who use
marijuana or cocaine may have
fertility problems
One study has found that high
cholesterol levels may have an
impact on fertility in women
13. Test we can promote
Biochemical test (CBC, P. Sugar, Creatinine, SGPT)
Hormone test (Prolactin, FSH, LH, E2 etc.)
AMH, Vitamin-D, Prothrombin time, APTT, Lupus Anticoagulant
PGx (MTHFR), Torch Panel, HPV DNA
Hysterosalphingogram (HSG)
Molecular diagnosis (Karyotyping)
Cytopathology (Pap’s Smear)
Imaging test
Cryopreservation etc.
14. Treatment
Frequency of intercourse
• Sperm can survive inside the female for up
to 5 days, while an egg can be fertilized for
up to 1 day after ovulation.
Fertility treatments for men
• Premature ejaculation, Blockage of the
ejaculatory duct
• Retrograde ejaculation, Surgery for
epididymal blockage
Fertility treatments for women
• Clomifene, Metformin, Human
menopausal gonadotropin, Follicle-
stimulating hormone, Human
chorionic gonadotropin,
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
(Gn-RH)
• Reducing the risk of multiple
pregnancies
• Surgical procedures
23. Cancer PatientSperm and ovum collection, preservation
from Husband-wife, unmarried, childless
couple or willing to have more children
before their cancer treatment.
Sperm collected from husband working
abroad and subsequently, the test tube
baby (IVF) method use the sperm for the
pregnancy of the wife.
Extra embryo reserves collected through
the Test Tube Baby (IVF) method.
