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5 c’s of credit analysis
1.
2. 5 C’s of Credit
Analysis
1 Character 2 Capacity 3 Capital 4 Collateral 5 Condition
Income Assets &
Social character statement liabilities Tangibility Economic survey
analysis analysis
Interview & Real estate
Legal character Interview Liquidity
observation analysis
3. Character
Social Legal
Qualitative = values, ethics and Qualitative = criminality
behavior with record
society
Quantitative = NADRA record, Quantitative = credit history
domicile through E-CIB
4. Capacity (financial performance)
Income statement analysis Interview & observation
Quantitative Qualitative
If there is no I/S then
Expenses < revenues (accept) interview is conducted and
Expenses = revenues (reject) his or her financial
performance is observed.
Expenses > revenues ( reject) For this purpose analytical
approach should be higher.
5. Capital ( financial performance)
Assets & liabilities analysis Assessment
Quantitative Qualitative
If there is no B/S then
Assets > liabilities ( accept) interview is conducted and
Assets = liabilities (reject) his or her financial position
is observed. For this
Assets < liabilities (reject) purpose analytical approach
should be higher.
6. Collateral (security)
Tangibility Liquidity
Quantitative Qualitative
Having tangible mass. • Easily saleable
• No time waiting
Total assets – intangible fixed • Less transactional cost
assets
7. Condition
Economic survey Real estate analysis
Quantitative Qualitative
A business, industry or Specially for consumer
sector’s condition is loans real estate study is
checked through the study necessary because the
of economic surveys. securities are in the shape
e.g. sizing industry, CNG of land.
pumps
Notas do Editor
Hierarchy of C’s shouldn’t be changed i.e. capacity is analyzed before character it will be wrong. But in some conditions it can be changed or the client can be rejected if any C isn’t good and that is clearly known by the banker. For example if an industry’s condition isn’t good then the banker don’t have need to analyze the previous C’s. the banker can reject the client directly.
E-CIB = electronic – credit information beauru (if e-cib –ve then rejected, if +ve then accepted and if loan taken but installments is paying on time then also accepted.Criminality record is taken from the court.
Just liabilities will be analyzed in comparison of assets the equity will be ignored.Assets = liabilities + capital80000 = 70000 now (80000-70000 = 10000)Up to this extent (10000) loan can be disbursed.
Liquidity:Land (D.ground)Rs land (village)Rs100000 100000 Now the land in D.ground will be preferred because that is more liquid(easily saleable).Tangibility:Good will, copy right patents etc don’t have tangible mass so can’t be taken as collateral.