These chapter are related to facility Planning course IE

1. CHAPTER 9
FACILITIES SYSTEMS

2. CONTENTS:
 INTRODUCTION.
 STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS.
 ENCLOSURE SYSTEMS.

3. The intend is to provide an overview of how the system’s
element impact the overall process of the planning.
The main objective is to provide the facilities planner with a
unified picture of the building technology and the
interrelationship of the facility system.
INTRODUCTION

4. INTRODUCTION
FACILITY PLANNER AWARENESS
Facility planner must be aware from:
• The cost of constructing , operating and maintaining
a facility is significantly impacted by the facility
system.
• A critical factor affecting facility flexibility is the
facility’s system.
• Facility system is not completed Until all the systems
are specified
• Facility systems have an important impact on
employee performance , morale and safety.
• Facility systems have an important impact on the
fire protection , maintenance and security of the
facility.

5. Structural System Performance
has following factor:
• Column Spacing
• Design For Requirement
• Types of Column
• Considerations
STRUCTURAL SYSTEM PERFORMANCE

6. • The most common structural types
for industrial facilities are the steel
skeleton frame or reinforced
concrete skeleton frame.
• Many factors will impact the choice
of the structural type or the choice of
materials.
• fire protection (steel is notorious
for losing its strength when heated
above 1000F).
• Environment(steel becomes brittle
below -20F and fails easily) and the
overall planning grid or module.
COLUMN SPACING

7. • In this analysis the size and the
character of the columns must be
considered. Heavy wall round or
square tubular should be used in
warehouse.
• These types of columns eliminate
rodent and vermin nesting places.
• it ensure easy maintenance and
cleanliness.
• Minimize the effect of denting on the
column strength.
• Such columns are little more
expensive than H beam but provide
much better facility in longer run.
TYPES OF COLUMN

8. • The objective of the structural system is to ensure
that the building will be stable.
• The degree of stability required and designed into
the building is dictated by the load condition.
• The building must exhibit stability under the
following various load conditions:
 Gravity : continuous , dead loads-roof floor
 Gravity : intermittent , live loads-snow ,
equipment and people.
 Wind : hours , days
 Seismic : seconds , minute.
CONSIDERATION

9. • The enclosure system provides a barrier
against the effects of extreme cold or
heat , lateral forces(wind) , water and
undesirable entries (human, insects).
• It is used as a controlling mechanism.
• The enclosure elements are floor , wall
and roof. All three elements are
intended to provide the facility with a
specified comfort level which is often
impacted by the thermal performance of
the building enclosure.
• In fact the following generalization
hold true:
Building Enclosure + Service input =
comfort
ENCLOSURE SYSTEM

10. • Thermal performance is usually required to rectify the
heat transmission imbalance b/w
• Inside and outside of enclosure.
• One of the major problem in the thermal performance ,
therefore , is how to make effective use of solar gain.
THERMAL PERFORMANCE

11. CONTENTS
 ATMOSPHERIC SYSTEMS.
 ELECTRICAL AND LIGHTING SYSTEMS.
 LIFE SAFETY SYSTEMS.

12. Criteria for equipment and
machinery are dictated by
manufacturer specification.
Human comfort criteria study
was done in 1960’s
Atmospheric system provide
for health and comfort of
occupants and for the need
of building equipment and
machinery
ATMOSPHERIC SYSTEM:

13. ATMOSPHERIC
SYSTEM
VARIABLES FOR COMFORT PARAMETERS:
• Temperature
• Humidity
• Clothing
• Metabolic activity
ATMOSPHERIC SYSTEMS RESPONSE:
• By heating or cooling building air
• Controlling humidity.
• Air speed is usually low.
• Metabolic rate and clothing is kept constant

14. Market standards provide a precise response involving
cooling and humidification
Example: In healthcare facilities humidity is held close to 50%
MAINTAINING THE ENVIRONMENT

15. INTRODUCTION OF
INORGANIC POLLUTANTS:
Inorganic pollutants are introduced
into the building atmosphere from
the sources in the building
EXAMPLE:
RADON gas naturally occur in the
earth and underwater and seeps
into the building
Such pollutants can be handled by
removing the sources from the
building or blocking the seepage

16. AIR EXCHANGE RATE:
• Major problem in buildings is buildup of odor and air-
borne particulate matter
• To eliminate these unwanted substances ,dilute them with
mixing stale air(in building ) with the outdoor fresh air
• Dilution rate is expressed as

17. DUCT SIZES:
Main duct: 1800 ft./min
Branch duct: 900-1110 ft./min
LOUVER SIZES:
Exhaust Louver :2000ft./min
Intake Louver :1000ft./min
CLEAN ROOM
Carefully controlled environment for
electronics, pharmaceutical or food
processing operations is called CLEAN
ROOMS
EXAMPLES:
ISO class 5 clean room has
10^5=100,000 particles/m3
EQUIPMENT ROOM

18. HVAC DESIGN:
The purpose of heating, ventilation and air
conditioning is to control temperature humidity and
cleanliness of environment within the facility.
Important for employee comfort, process control or
product control

19. Facility lighting system requires the following steps
1. Determine the level of illumination.
2. Determine room cavity ratio.(RCR)
3. Determine the ceiling cavity ratio.(CCR)
4. Determine wall reflections and effective ceiling reflectance.
5. Determine the coefficient of utilization.
6. Determine light loss factor.
7. Calculate number of lamps and luminaries.
8. Determine location of luminaries.
ELECTRICAL AND LIGHTING SYSTEM

20. Designed to control emergency situations that will
disrupt the normal operations
Emergency causes:
• Fire
• Seismic events
• Power failures.
LIFE SAFETY SYSTEM

21. 1st objective is to determine the building’s
function and construction type defined
by the occupancy classification based on
INTERNNATIONAL BUILDING CODES
FIRE PROTECTION AND SAFETY

22. Type of structure governs the degree of fire resistance.
These construction types ranges from TYPE I(nearly
fireproof) to TYPE D(conventional wood frame
structure).
Fire resistance refers to the ability of structure to act as a
barrier that will not allow the fire to spread from its origin
ORDER OF PRIORITY FOR PLANNING:
• Lives of occupants in the facility.
• The building .
• Goods and equipment in the building.
FIRE PROTECTION AND SAFETY

23. Objective is to protect the rack storage facility with the
correct fire suppression system
DESIGNED STANDARDS BY NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION
ASSOCIATION (NFPA)
• NFPA standard 230 “Standard For Fire Protection Of Storage”
• NFPA standard 13 “Standard For Installation Of Sprinkler
System”
CLASSES OF FIRE:
• ClassA: Organic material.(wood, paper)
• ClassB: Flammable liquids and gases.(gasoline, paint thinner)
• ClassC: Energized electrical equipment.(motors, computers)
• ClassD: Exotic metals (magnesium, sodium, titanium)
FIRE SUPPRESSION

24. CONTENTS
 SANITATION SYSTEMS.
 BUILDING AUTOMATION SYSTEM.
 FACILITY MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM.

25. • Sanitation system consist of hot
and cold water supply it’s a
distribution to supply potable
and cleansing water
• It includes ‘”refuse” handling
also known as sewage.
• Deals with the collecting and
disposing of wastewater
SANITATION SYSTEM

26. • The plumbing system handles the
supply of hot and cold water while
sewage system form the bulk of
sanitation.
• Discharge system is designed to handle
solid waste material and waste water
(discharge from basins , baths and
washing machines
SANITATION AND PLUMBING SYSTEM

27. PRIMARY PROBLEM
• Problem with drainage system is preventing the odor
passing back to facility.
• Use of water seal trap is the most common and convenient
method to alleviate this problem.
SANITATION AND PLUMBING SYSTEM

28. SANITATION AND PLUMBING SYSTEM

29. • Plumbing systems may be
required for personnel,
processing and file protection.
• Personnel plumbing systems
include drinking fountains,
toilets ,showers and sinks
• Facility planner should supply
with the plan that how much
plumbing is required and how
many people will use it
PLUMBING SYSTEM

30. BUILDING AND
AUTOMATION SYSTEM

31. » Building automations links the previously discussed
systems via a term integration into a central control
point.
» Temperature, humidity, alarms and security systems
lightning controls and HVAC monitoring.
BUILDING AND AUTOMATION SYSTEM

32. » Smart facilities can be monitored and controlled on site
from central access points via modem connectors.
BUILDING AND AUTOMATION SYSTEM

33. • HVAC
• HVAC for power management
• humidity control
• Emergency management system
for lights
• Security systems
• Computerized maintenance
management systems
SYSTEM TYPES

34. INTEGRATION
• After modem connectivity comes
integration software that that
allows all systems a single access
point from a single location.
• Via internet facility operations
can be started stopped, turn
off/on lights, and all systems e:g
security systems power systems
BUILDING AND AUTOMATION SYSTEM

35. PLANNING REQUIREMENTS
• Facility planner must have systems ready for
operations and commissioning.
• Flexibility and accessibility should be optimized.
• Understand challenges to transition of operations
BUILDING AND AUTOMATION SYSTEM

36. FACILITY MAINTENANCE
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

37. After design build phase important phase is FMMS also
known as CMMS or EAM.
FMMS supports long term asset management and day to
day maintenance of systems.
It compasses of internal equipment maintenance while
manufacturing , warehousing and services are
operational.
FACILITY MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

38. • Simply FMMS is the business management
system for effective management and
maintenance.
• FMMS may briefly include
 Budget control
 Preventive maintenance procedures
 Occupancy management
 Project management
 Asset data and equipment history
FACILITY MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

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