2. Who are Managers?
Managers are found in every type of organization such as
schools, hospitals, government departments, large
corporations etc.
Some managers are top level managers, while others are
first line managers.
Organizations need managers in todays uncertain,
complex and chaotic times!
3. Who are Managers? (continued)
A Manager is someone who gets things done through
other people.
In other words, a manager is an organizational member
who coordinates and oversees the work of other people
so that organizational goals can be accomplished.
A manager’s job is not about personal achievement – it is
more about helping others do their work efficiently!
4. Who are Managers? (continued)
Typically, managers are responsible for:
Making decisions
Allocating resources
Directing the activities of others to attain goals
6. Types of Managers
Top Managers
Are responsible for making organization-wide decisions
and establishing plans and goals that affect the entire
organization (e.g. CEO, president, vice president).
Middle Managers
Are responsible for implementing the policies and plans
developed by top managers and for managing the work
of first-line managers (e.g. plant manager, marketing
manager, division head).
7. Types of Managers (continued)
First-line Managers
Are at the lowest level of management and manage the
work of non-managerial employees (e.g. supervisor,
shift manager, office manager).
8. What is Management?
Management refers to the process of
coordinating and overseeing the work activities
of others so that their activities are completed
efficiently and effectively.
9. Efficiency and Effectiveness
Effectiveness is completing activities so that
organizational goals are attained; often described as
“doing the right things”.
Efficiency is getting the most output from the least
amount of input, the goal of which is to minimize
resource costs.
11. Four Management Functions
(continued)
PLAN
A process that includes defining goals, establishing
strategy, and developing plans to coordinate activities.
ORGANIZE
Determining what tasks are to be done, who is to do
them, how the tasks are to be grouped, who reports to
whom, and where decisions are to be made.
12. Four Management Functions
(continued)
LEAD
A function that includes motivating employees,
directing others, selecting the most effective
communication channels, and resolving conflicts.
CONTROL
Monitoring performance, comparing actual
performance with previously set goals, and correcting
any deviation.
17. Essential Management Skills
Technical Skills
Job specific knowledge needed to proficiently perform
work tasks.
Human Skills
The ability to work with, understand, and motivate
other people, both individually and in groups.
Conceptual Skills
The mental ability to analyze and diagnose complex
situations.
18. Skills Needed at Different Management Levels
Top
Managers
Middle
Managers
Lower-level
Managers
Importance
Conceptual
Skills
Human
Skills
Technical
Skills
20. Responding to Globalization
Globalization refers to the
tendency of the firms to
extend their sales or
manufacturing to new
markets abroad.
Firms expand abroad for two
main reasons:
Sales Expansion
Cutting labor costs
21. Globalization (continued)
Globalization has changed the manager’s job in
three ways:
Increased foreign assignments.
Working with people from different cultures.
Overseeing movement of jobs to countries with low-cost
labor.
22. Workforce Diversity
Workplace diversity means that the people in
organizations are becoming more heterogeneous
in terms of gender, age, race and ethnicity.
23. Improving Ethical Behaviour
In an organizational world characterised by cutbacks,
expectations of high worker productivity and tough competition,
employees often feel pressurised to engage in unethical
practices.
They increasingly find themselves facing ethical dilemmas,
situations in which they are required to define right and wrong
conduct.
Managers need to take appropriate steps to cultivate an ethical
climate in their organization.
24. Stimulating Innovation
Creativity – Generation of novel & useful ideas
Innovation – Implementation of those ideas
In other words creativity is an important perquisite for
innovation!
25. What is An Organization?
• An Organization Defined
It is a deliberate arrangement of people to
accomplish some specific purpose.
• Common Characteristics of Organizations
Have a distinct purpose (goal)
Are composed of people
Have a deliberate structure (e.g. clearly defined
rules, regulations , job descriptions and reporting
relationships).
26. Why Study Management?
The value of studying management can be gauged by
looking at three things:
The universality of management
The reality of work
The rewards and challenges of being a manager
27. Why Study Management?
(continued)
The universality of management
• Good management is needed in all
organizations.
The reality of work
• Employees either manage or are managed.
29. Why Study Management? (continued)
Rewards & Challenges of Being a Manager
Management offers challenging, exciting and
creative opportunities for meaningful and
fulfilling work.
Successful managers receive significant
monetary rewards for their efforts.