6. Lysosomes white blood cells attack & destroy invaders = digest them in lysosomes 1974 Nobel prize: Christian de Duve Lysosomes discovery in 1960s 1960 | 1974
31. Compare the equations Photosynthesis Respiration glucose + oxygen carbon + water + energy dioxide C 6 H 12 O 6 6O 2 6CO 2 6H 2 O ATP + + + + water + energy glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide 6CO 2 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 6O 2 light energy + + +
32. The Great ENERGY Circle of Life sun ATP Photosynthesis Respiration O 2 glucose sugar CO 2 H 2 O + + plants animals & plants ATP
33. Food & water storage plant cells central vacuole contractile vacuole food vacuoles animal cells
lysosomes create a space where cell can digest macromolecules safely rupturing a few lysosomes has little impact on a cell (pH of cytosol affects functionality of the lysosomal enzymes), but massive leakage from lysosomes can destroy cell why evolve digestive enzymes which function at pH so different from cytosol? digestive enzymes won’t function well if leak into cytosol = most times don’t want to digest yourself! low pH = acid environment cause oxidation (removing electrons) & promotes hydrolysis
Feedback mechanism There are sensors in the cell that monitor growth. They trigger self-destruct when they sense processes. Brown spots on leaves too. Virus infected plant cell auto-destructs and even cells around it to wall off virus.
Feedback mechanism There are sensors in the cell that monitor growth. They trigger self-destruct when they sense processes gone awry. Brown spots on leaves too. Virus infected plant cell auto-destructs and even kills cells around it to wall off virus.
Lynn Margulis From hypothesis to theory! Paradigm shifting ideas in evolutionary biology.
![Cells gotta work to live! ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)