1. CH5 LISTENING AND CRITICAL THINKING
MARIA SUBERT

2. HEARING AND LISTENING ARE DIFFERENT
 Hearing: the act of receiving sounds
 Listening: the active process of receiving, constructing
meaning from, and responding to spoken and nonverbal
messages.

3. LISTENING IS IMPORTANT:
 Listening is our most common communication
activity.
 It helps us build and maintain relationships
 It is essential for success in most professional
situation

4. ACTIVE AND INACTIVE LISTENING
 Active listening: listening with purpose.
 Not active listening: Enjoyment listening.
We listen in a relaxing, fun, emotionally stimulating
situation.

5. FORMS OF ACTIVE LISTENING
Forms of active listening
 Emphatic listening: when you are attempting to
understand another person.
 Critical listening: requires evaluating the speaker’s
message for accuracy, meaningfulness, and
usefulness.

6. SELECTIVE & AUTOMATIC ATTENTION
 Selective attention: the sustained focus we give to
things that are important.
 Automatic attention: the instinctive focus we give to
important things in our surroundings.

7. MEMORY
 Working memory where we interpret and assign
meaning to things we hear
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=adnOPRkQ9VY
 Short-term memory: a temporary storage for
information.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wl3zvJ2YRss
 Long-term memory is our permanent storage for
information including past experiences.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rJc-0V5ASw0

8. ORIENTATION
 Men are more instrumental/task-oriented when
communicating
women tend to be more relationally oriented

9. CRITICAL LISTENING: EXAMINE SITUATION, SOURCE CREDIBILITY,
AND ARGUMENT.
 Source credibility: the extent to which the speaker is
perceived as competent and trustworthy
 One way to analyze the credibility of speaker is to determine
whether or not they are reporting based on first person
observation (something they have seen or experienced
personally).
 Another way is to examine that based on the provided
evidence, the warrant that the speaker use to bridge data
and claim, is satisfactory or not.

10. TOULMIN’S MODEL:
Examine the speaker’s argument with the Toulmin’s model:
 Data: facts, evidences
Are they first-person observations?
 Warrant: What is the reasoning used by the speaker to
move from data to claim? Is there any logical
connection between them?
 Claim: Is the overall point or conclusion logical and
clear?
If any of these elements are missing, the argument has no
foundation.

11. EFFECTIVE NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
 ask questions
 identify areas of agreement
 vary verbal response
 provide clear verbal response
 use descriptive language
 provide affirmative and affirming statements
 avoid complex silence
 and allow the other the opportunity of complete hearing.

12. CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING:
o Again, ask questions for clarification
o paraphrase the speaker’s message
o paraphrase the speaker’s intent
o identify areas of confusion
o invite clarification and correction
o go back to the beginning to check if your new
understanding

13. EFFECTIVE LISTENING STRATEGY IN THE CLASSROOM:
 involves to take effective notes.
20% of the college students who took effective notes
ended up to get A instead of C.
 Listen for the lesson cues: verbal or nonverbal signs
that stress points or indicate transitions between
ideas.

14. INFORMATION LITERACY:
 Information literacy:
recognition when info is needed and
have ability to locate, evaluate and use the
needed information.

15. DIGITAL COMMUNICATION
 The principal problem with digital communication:
nonverbal communication, that provides significant
clues about the other person’s emotions and feelings—
is difficult.

16. SECOND LANGUAGE LISTENING
 Second language listening development requires
vocabulary comprehension and metacognitive
awareness.
 Metacognition is your ability to use mental strategies
to assist to quickly determining the meaning of the
words.

17. THINGS THAT PREVENT YOU FROM BECOMING EFFECTIVE
LISTENER:
Noises that prevent from being an effective listener:
 noise (physical and internal distraction)
 physical distraction (audible noises in the environment)
 internal noise (mental, factual, semantic distraction)
 perception of others and own behavior.

18. THINGS THAT HELP TO BECOME MORE EFFECTIVE LISTENER
Developing your critical thinking, nonverbal and verbal skills.
 Critical thinking: careful analysis of the communication situation
and the speaker’s message, evaluating the argument and
supporting material presented, and the speaker’s credibility.
 Effective non-verbal strategies: be responsive, use positive facial
expressions, direct eye contact, and positive vocal utterances.
 Effective verbal strategies: asking questions, inviting additional
comments, using descriptive responses, providing affirming
statements.

19. ETHICAL LISTENING:
You should recognize and monitor
your own communication style, apply
general ethical principles to your
responses, and adapt your
communication styles to others.