4. Components of Stress
• Stressor- a stress- producing event or situation
• Stress Reaction - the body’s response to a
stressor
• Distress - stress that stems from acute anxiety
or pressure
• Eustress - positive stress, which results from
motivating strivings and challenges
5.
6. Conflict Situation - when a person must
choose between two or more options that
tend to result from opposing motives
7. Appraising a Stressful Situation
• Primary Appraisal – immediate evaluation of a
situation – irrelevant, positive, negative
• Secondary Appraisal – pick coping strategy
13. Section 2 – Reactions to Stress
• Stress will be reacted to if intense/prolonged
• Nature vs. Nurture
• Varies by person/culture
14. Fight or Flight – the bodies default response to a
perceived threat or danger
• Autonomic Nervous System – controls this
• Sympathetic (speeds up)
• Parasympathetic – slows down
16. Emotional and
Cognitive
Responses
• Short-term psychological stress reactions
• Anxiety – vague, generalized apprehension or
feelings of danger
• Anger – irate reaction likely to result from
frustration
• Fear – usual reaction when a stressor involves
real or imagined danger
17. Behavioral
Reactions
• Maladaptive coping – behaviors such as using
alcohol and drugs to escape problems.
• Adaptive coping – involves direct
confrontation of problems, realistic
appraisals, recognizing and modifying
unhealthy responses
21. Perceived Control over Stressors
• Predictable Stress better than Unpredictable
• Effect on Jobs – employees need to believe
they have a say in what is going on
• W.I. Thomas Theorem - What is perceived as
real is real in its consequences
26. Defensive Coping Strategies
• Denial - a coping mechanism in which a person
decides that the event is not really a stressor
• Intellectualization - a coping mechanism in which
the person analyzes a situation from an
emotionally detached viewpoint.
27. Active Coping Strategies
• Doing something to fix, deal with or avoid a
stressful situation (Adaptive Coping if
positive, maladaptive coping if negative)
28. Hardiness – ability to not give up
• Traits Control, Commitment, Challenge
30. Explanatory Style
• Optimists – people who see the
circumstances they are in positively
• Pessimists – people who see the
circumstances they are in negatively
• Seligman Baseball Players –
analyzed post game comments, coded
them optimists lived longer
41. Autonomy
• Ability to take care of
oneself and make one’s
own decisions
• Decisions, value
system, worldview, respo
nsibility, etc…
42. Choosing College
• “College Shock”
• Peter Madison
(1969)
• College students
high/unrealistic
expectations
initially
43. Sources of Change (in college)
• Challenge Identity
• Greater Diversity
• Developmental
Friendships
44. Developmental Friendships
• Friends force on another to reexamine their
basic assumptions and perhaps adopt new
ideas and beliefs.
• Ex. Eric and Samir
45. Coping with Change
• Focusing on goals, work harder through doubt
• Going through motions
46. Resynthesis
• Combining old ideas with new ones and
reorganizing feelings in order to renew one’s
identity.
• Resynthesis (example changing majors
many times)
48. Work Satisfaction/Dissatisfaction
• 5 Major Sources of Work Satisfaction
1. Resources – tools to do the job well
2. $$$ - includes income, benefits, security
3. Challenge
4. Relations with coworkers
5. Comfort (conditions, commute, physical
aspects)
49. Changing Careers
• Retire then start new career
• Good economy = less satisfaction = more change
• Bad economy = more satisfaction = less change
51. Comparable Worth
• the concept that women
and men (and all people)
should receive equal pay
for jobs calling for
comparable skill and
responsibility.
• People (consciously or
unconsciously) compare
their career to others
• Can be a source of great
dissatisfaction