1. Do Now: Comment on the following
idea, for governments, war solves
problems of control.
World War II

2. Do Now: Who was prepared for
war?
A. In Student Handout 1.1:
1. Which government spent the most on armaments
(weapons) in 1940, 1941,1943?
2. Why was the Axis alliance spending more in 1940
and 1941? Why did the Allied governments spend
more in 1943?
B. In Student Handout 1.2:
1. In 1937, which three governments spent the
largest percentage of their budgets on defense?
Which government spent the smallest percentage
on defense?
2. Using the data in all the tables, briefly explain the
global context for armaments production and
government budgets for defense from the end of

3. German Aggression: Hitler Violates
Treaty
 How did Hitler break the Treaty of
Versailles?
 Hitler wants to “revisit” Treaty of
Versailles
 Why were France and Great Britain
originally passive towards German
aggression?
• Pro move: Map on page #857

4. Appeasement
 March 7, 1936 Rhineland
“demilitarized” zone
“They’re going into their own back
garden.”

5. New Alliances
 1935 Mussolini wants to re-create Roman
Empire, invades Ethiopia
 1936 Germany/Italy assist Franco in Spanish Civil
War
 November 1936 Anti-Comintern Pact: common
front against communism
 Anschluss March 13, 1938

6. Demands and Appeasement
 September 15, 1938 Sudetenland
 Munich Conference “Peace in our time!”
 March 1939 invade Bohemia & Moravia (W.
Czech)
 Demands Polish port of Danzig

8. Nazi Soviet Non-Aggression
Pact
 What?
 Why?

10. The Japanese Path to
War
Question:What fueled the need
for the Japanese plan to seize
other territories?

11. Answer: Resources
 Think back to primary source packet with:
Tanaka, Hitler and Stalin
 Big Idea: Industrialized nations require natural
resources to continue at their current pace and to
grow
 What happens if you don’t have natural resources in
your own country, like Japan and Great Britain?

12. How is Japan going to get territory
needed to maintain industry?
 Expansionist Policy: (class definition)
 Mukden Incident September 18, 1931 Japan
disguised as Chinese soldiers blew up railway in
Japanese territory to justify taking over all of
Manchuria
 Manchukuo puppet ruler 1932

13. How does the world view
Japanese expansion?
 What does the League of
Nations do/say?
 Manchurian Policy USA
doesn’t do anything,
condemnation abroad,
nationalism at home
 Next four years: control
inner Mongolia and areas
of North China around
Beijing

14. War with China
 Chiang Kai-Shek nationalist ruler more
concerned about Communists (Remember Mao)
 Appeases Japan, allowed to govern area in North
China
 December 1936 Chiang ended military efforts
against Communists and formed a new united
front against Japan
 July 1937 clash south of Beijing
 Japan seized Chinese capital of Nanjing Rape of
Nanjing

15. New Asian Order
 Japan, Manchuria and China
 Japan would teach Asian how to modernize
 Sounds like Nazi Germany, link creates bond
 Japan wants Soviet Serbia, but refrains, why?

16. Japanese Conundrum
 Japan looks South, because of Nazi Soviet Non-
Aggression Pact
 What’s South and who is in control?
 Summer 1940 demand French Indochina
 USA: economic sanctions, which Japan fears
b/c of the need for oil and scrap iron
 Japan: if we have access to Indochina and the
rest of Southeast Asia, we won’t need American
resources…

17. What Were the Causes of World
War II?
Textbook page #862-863
Read all three primary sources and answer document
based questions. (This may help if you missed
Thursday 6 June)

18. Do Now: A
Brief History
Activity

19. Edging Towards War
 The Lend-Lease Act
 The US could lend or
lease arms to can
country considered
“vital to the defense of
the USA”
 Example: Great
Britain
 Hemispheric Defense
Zone
 US Navy would patrol
the Western half of
the Atlantic Ocean
and report German

20. Japanese Strategy
 Three Phases
Phase I: Surprise attacks, then
strategic defense.
Knock out US fleet; seize vital
areas; establish defensive
perimeter.
Phase II: Strengthen perimeter;
make any offensive action by the
US prohibitively costly.
Phase III: Defeat and destroy any
forces that attempt to penetrate
the perimeter.

21. 1942

22. Pearl Harbor
 Dec. 7th, 1941
 Surprise attack by the
Japanese
 Sank or damaged 21
ships (including 8
battleships)
 Destroyed 188
airplanes
 Killed 2,403
Americans
 Injured 1,178
Americans

23. Fleet Admiral Yamamoto
Fleet Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto
“The US fleet is a dagger pointed at
our throat and must be destroyed.”
“I can run wild for six months,after
that, I have no expectation of
success.”
- Yamamoto, during
discussions on the planned Pearl
Harbour Attack

24. Japanese-American Relocation
 Feb. 19th, 1942 – FDR signed
an order that allowed the War
department to declare any part
of the US to be a military zone
and remove anybody they
wanted from that zone.
 Secretary of War Henry
Stimson declared most of the
West Coast a military zone and
ordered all people of Japanese
ancestry into 10 internment
Camps
 Korematsu v. the United States
 The Supreme Court ruled that
the relocation was legal
because it was based on
“military urgency” and not race.
 Ex Parte Endo – The Supreme
Court ruled that loyal Americans
can not be held against their
will.

25. Island Hopping
 A term used to describe the fighting in the Pacific
 U.S. and Japan would go from island to island
fighting for control
 Japan controlled most of the islands in the Pacific
 U.S. picked strategic islands to fight for--Why?

26. 1942

27. Coral Sea
 First major Naval battle
 First time ever two powers fought without seeing
each other
 South Pacific--Northeast of Australia
 Battle was considered a draw but moral victory for
U.S.
 Stopped Japanese advancement

28. Midway
 Island in Pacific
 Turning point of the war--June 1942
 U.S. showed the Japanese a false move and the
Japanese wanted to capitalize
 Four carriers for Japan sank
 Turning point

29. Guadalcanal—8/42-2/43
 Who: US vs. Japan
 Where: Island near Australia—
one of Solomon Islands
 What: One of the most vicious campaigns
 Japanese put up a fierce resistance
 US has superior air and naval power
 Results:
 First time US land troops defeat Japanese
 Americans are able to secure the island

30. Leyte Gulf
 The biggest and greatest naval battle ever
 Philippines-- 1944
 The Japanese sent nearly every ship to fight
 U.S. fought a heavy battle
 Japan takes the greatest casualties and nearly
loses every ship
 Kamikaze raids begin

31. Iwo Jima and Okinawa
 Islands in the Pacific--North Northwest of Guam
 Feb. 1945 and April 1945
 What was the island like?
 The island took over two months to secure
 Heavy casualties for both sides
 Site of the famous Marines raising flag

32. 1944-
1945

33. European Theater
 Nazi Occupied most of the European continent
for almost 4 years May of 1940- summer of
1944.
 Hitler goal was gain territory to create
Lebensraum or “living space” for the Third Reich.

35. German Invasion of
France
 Phony War- After France, Great
Britain and Germany declared war
on each other no fighting took
place for 10 months.
 Both sides prepared for war.
Fortified troops along the Maginot
line.
 May 10, 1940 after 10 months of
readying Germany attacked
France and the Low countries.
 France only able to hold out for 2
weeks before partial surrender.
Vichy government Hitler’s puppet
government, and Free French
government.
 Germany 130 infantry and 10 tank
divisions France only 40 infantry

37. Battle of Britain
Summer of 1940 Rescue from Dunkirk
 Followed Battle of the
Atlantic.
 Complete Air war-August
1940 - May 1941.
 Radar was key to British
success.
 Germany failed to knock out
GB. Arguably the biggest
mistake by Hitler of WWII,
Great Britain became
staging ground for allied
invasion of Nazi occupied
Europe.
 Churchill vowed “never to
surrender” & “finest hour”
speech.

39. German Invasion
of USSR(June, 22 1941)
 Operation Barbarossa
 Hitler believed he had
crippled the Allied powers
enough in the West, he now
turned his troops toward the
East and attacked USSR.
 Cold Winter, would not retreat
costly for Germany.
 Stalingrad (August 1942) -->
Germany had taken over city
with house to house battles.
 Russian counter-attack
became the turning point in
war, with Soviets taking back
Stalingrad.

40. Allied invasion of
North Africa (August
1942-April 1943)
 Africa/Mid East a
stronghold for oil.
 British troops under
General Montgomery
won decisive battle at El
Alamein and pushed
Germany (Erwin Rommel
“Desert Fox”) toward
U.S. troops under
General Patton “caught
in the pinchers:
 250,000 German POWs
taken.

41. Allied invasion of Sicily and Italy
(July of 1943)
 Goal to take back Nazi
occupied Europe was to
catch the German and
remaining Italian troops
in the pinchers. Up
through Italy and down
from Northern Europe.
 Allied troops led by
Patton and Montgomery
forced Axis powers out of
Italy. Not many troops
captured, most retreated.

42. D-DAY Page 872-873

43. D-DAY
 “Under Belly” strategy
failed
 North Africa/Italy
 Operation Overlord
 June 6th, 1944
 Massive Invasion of
France
 Forced Germany to
fight a 3 Front War
 Italy, France, Russia

44. German Retreat
 After Stalingrad – the
Russians continued to
push the Germans out
of Russia through
1943 until the end of
the war in 1945.

45. Liberation of France/Paris
August 25th, 1944
 After D-day , allied troops
moved quickly to push
back Nazi occupied
Europe.
 By August 1944, much of
France had been taken
back.
 By the end of August
U.S. and Free French
troops led by Charles de
Gaulle liberated Paris.

46. Battle of the Bulge (Fall 1944-Dec 1944)
 Beginning of the end
for Hitler and
Germany.
 Hitler’s last major
offensive, trying to get
to port of Antwerp
through Ardennes
Forest, this created a
bulge in the Allied
lines.
 General Patton’s Army
pushed back Germany
in the dead of winter of

47. Battle of Berlin
 April 1945
 The Soviet Army was about to take the city of Berlin
(the German Capital).
 Hitler and his close associates operated the
German War effort out of a bunker from Jan to April
1945.
 Underneath of the Chancellor’s Office
 55 ft below ground
 Hitler totally lost control of reality
 Directed non-existent armies

48. The Last Days of Hitler
 April 22, 1945
 Declared the German people failed him
 April 29, 1945
 Married Eva Braun
 April 30, 1945
 Hitler and Eva both committed suicide
 Both bodies burned

49. Allies take Berlin:
VE Day (May 8th 1945)
*See Handout
 Soviet and U.S. surround
Germany.
 Question was which
country would take Berlin.
Soviets took Berlin in April
1945.
 April 30th 1945 Hitler
commits suicide
 May 7th 1945 Germany
surrendered.
 May 8th VE day.

50. German Surrender
 Battle of Berlin
 Hitler committed suicide
on April 30th, 1945
 The city surrendered on
May 2nd, 1945 to the
Soviet Red Army
 German Surrender
 Grand Admiral Karl
Doenitz(new leader of
Germany) agreed to the
unconditional surrender
 May 7th, 1945 – the
unconditional surrender
is signed by Germany

52. The War Ends
 Iowa Jima
 American bombers can now hit mainland Japan
from air bases on the island
 The Manhattan Project
 US secret project to make the atomic bomb
 The Decision to drop the bomb
 President FDR died and Vice President Harry S.
Truman became President
 Decided to drop the bomb for the following reasons:
 Japan Surrenders V-J Day *See Handout