Sharable Content Object Reference Model

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e-Learning Standard
By
Mr. Pornchai Tummarattananont
pornchai@nectec.or.th
Digital Media Informatics Laboratory
National Electronic and Computer Technology Center

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Contents
 Overview of e-Learning
 Standard of e-Learning
 SCORM (Sharable Content Object
Reference Model)
 Live Demo

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Limitations to Current Training Practices
 Access to Training
 Variability in Quality and Expertise
 Limit of regional or capacity
 Training is quickly out date
 Difficulty serve specialized needs
 Few Mechanisms for Ongoing Support

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e-Learning ?
"learning or training that is
prepared, delivered,
or managed using a variety
of learning technologies and
that can be deployed
either locally or globally."

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Benefit of e-Learning
 Anywhere, Anytime, Anyone
 Cost reduction
 Just-in-Time access
 Personalized learning
 Improved collaboration and Interactivity among
students
 Less Intimidating than Instructor-led Courses
 Strengthens Traditional Classroom Learning

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Current Tools for e-Learning authors
Tool Purpose Browser Delivery
Authorware Learning applications
Using Macromedia Authorware Web
Player
Director Interactive multimedia
Using Macromedia Shockwave Web
Player
Flash
Web animation and
interactivity
Using Adobe Flash Player (also
included in Shockwave Player)
Toolbook Learning applications
Either using Click2Learn Neuron
plug-in or standard HTML and
JavaScript
Dreamweaver,
Frontpage
General web
development HTML and JavaScript
ReadyGo,
Trainersoft
Learning applications HTML and JavaScript

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Importance of Standards
 Organizations must deal
with dozens of separate and
potentially incompatible
systems
 Incompatible systems
increase costs, decrease
efficiency and pose potential
trade barriers

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Characteristic of Learning Content
 Accessibility
 Interoperability
 Reusability
 Durability
 Affordability

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Worldwide Network for Learning Technology
Singapore
IMS Asia
PROMETEUS
CEN/ISSS
IMS Australia
ISO/IEC JTC1 SC36

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Advanced Distributed Learning: ADL
 Advanced Distributed Learning Initiative
 US Government-wide initiative to improve
education and training via learning
technology
 Applicable across all learning communities
and constituents

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ADL Communities

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Advanced Distributed Learning Initiative
http://www.adlnet.org

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ADL Co-Lab
An open, collaborative
environment for sharing
learning technology research,
development,
implementation and evaluations.

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ADL Co-Lab
ADL Co-Lab Hub
Policies, Tools, and Standards
DoD-Federal Integration
ADL Portal and Clearinghouse
JOINT ADL Co-Lab
Military Services Training Systems
Acquisition Community
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
$$ Incentive Funds
Academic ADL Co-Lab
Higher Ed Focus with Partners
Accredited degrees, certification

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Academic ADL Co-Lab
 Research and development of advanced
learning technologies
 Assess ADL compliant tools
 Assist in the development of learning objects
 Research and evaluation of intelligent tutors
 Application and evaluation of assessment tools
 Learning Management System (LMS) evaluation

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Goals
 To promote and evaluate standards for distributed
learning applications in higher education
 To provide education and communication for ADL
initiatives within the higher education community
 To evaluate and demonstrate advanced learning
technologies and tools
 To support effective pedagogy through research and
assessment of distributed learning
 To explore issues pertaining to intellectual property in
an electronic distributed environment

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SCORM
"Software model that defines the
interrelationship of course components,
data models, and protocols such that
courseware objects are shareable across
systems that conform with the same model"

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Components that share a common model
can be reassembled and reused
Sharable Content Object Reference Model

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Problems that SCORM is Trying to Solve
 Reuse Web-based content objects across
LMS
 Create searchable learning content
libraries and media repositories
 Move a Web-based course from one LMS
to another and have it look and operate
the same

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SCORM as a Common Reference Model
 Integrates industry specification from many other
organizations (AICC, IMS, IEEE, ARIADNE, etc.)
 Provides a unified learning content model
 Defines a standardized web “run-time”
environment
 Takes the first step on the path to defining a true
learning architecture

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How to SCORM Fits
SCORM is necessary, but not sufficient ...
Technical
Specification
Instructional Capability,
Modeling & Simulation,
Intelligent Tutoring,
Economic Models,
Policy,
R&D, etc.

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ADL Model for Standards Evolution

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ADL Progress to Date

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SCORM Evolution
 First released as Version 1.0 in January
2000
 SCORM defines a Web-based learning
model for learning objects.
Content Aggregation Model (CAM)
Run-Time Environment (RTE)

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SCORM Development Update (Last Version?)
 SCORM 2004 (formerly known as SCORM
Version 1.3) update February 2004.
 The most significant change is dynamic
presentation of learning content based on
prescribed sequencing strategies and
learner performance.

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SCORM 2004

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SCORM Content Aggregation Model

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Sharable Content Object (SCO)
SCO

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Content Package Conceptual Diagram

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SCORM Run-time Environment

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Run-Time Environment Conceptual
API: Communications Link between a SCO and LMS
Actual data sent
back and forth
between a SCO
and LMS

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API Instance

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SCORM Sequencing and Navigation

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Activity Tree

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Sequencing Examples 1

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Sequencing Examples 2

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Authoring Tools for SCORM Development
 Adobe
Dreamweaver
Flash
Captivate
 Click2Learn
Toolbook

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Benefits of SCORM
 LMSs can find and apply instructional
objects
 Course managers can move a course from
one Web-based LMS to another
 Content developers can reuse content
across different LMSs
 Content developers can search for content
or media from distributed repositories

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References
 www.adlnet.org
 www.academiccolab.org
 www.aicc.org/docs/meetings/11june2001/
minutes.html
 www.odportal.com/elearning/
whitepapers.htm
 www.lsal.cmu.edu/lsal/expertise/papers/
index.html
 www.imsproject.org

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