Recomendados
Mais conteúdo relacionado
Mais procurados
Mais procurados (20)
Semelhante a What’s inside the earth
Semelhante a What’s inside the earth (20)
Mais de mrcoyleteach
Mais de mrcoyleteach (20)
What’s inside the earth
- 1. What’s inside the Earth? Is there really another world at the center? What is the energy for surface features?
- 2. Our Dynamic Earth Earth is constantly changing How do we know it’s dynamic?? Earthquakes (and tsunamis) Volcanic eruptions Surface Features: – Mountain Ranges; Mid-Ocean Ridges; Deep-Sea Trenches
- 3. Topography of the Ocean Floor
- 4. Topography of the Ocean Floor
- 5. Topography of the Ocean Floor
- 6. Topography of the Ocean Floor
- 10. Questions: How are the ocean basins formed? How permanent are these features? What is the age of the ocean floor? What’s the age of the continents? Why are the ocean basins deep and the continents high?
- 11. The Surface of the Earth 2 levels: – elevated continents – submerged ocean basins What causes these surface features? We must know what goes on inside the Earth
- 12. What’s going on inside the Earth?
- 13. Early Ideas Jules Verne
- 14. “Journey to the Center of the Earth” Entered in Iceland Exited in Italy
- 16. Information about the Earth’s Interior comes from: Meteorites Volcanoes Seismic Waves (“sound images”) Tremendous pressure enormous heat (from natural radioactivity)
- 18. Willamette Meteorite Found 1902, in West Linn Largest in the U.S.A. Sold and now resides in NYC
- 19. Volcanoes E.g., Hawaiian “hotspot” Windows into the Earth Samples 200km down (e.g., diamonds!)
- 20. Seismic Waves Sound energy from earthquakes and large explosions
- 28. DEPTHS Top of Mantle – 10 to 70 km (5 to 30 miles) Top of Core – 2,900 km (2000 miles) Center of Earth – 6,300 km (4,000 miles) Mt. Everest 9 km high. Marianas Trench 11 km deep.
- 29. How do we know what’s inside the Earth?
- 30. How do we know what’s inside the Earth? Direct Observations: Exposures on surface up from 50 km (30 miles) depth Drilling to 15 km (10 miles) Volcanic Material up from 200 km (120 miles) depth
- 31. How do we know what’s inside the Earth?
- 32. How do we know what’s inside the Earth? Indirect Observations: Magnetic Field Iron core. Gravity Field Densities: – Crust: 2 - 3 g/cm3 – Mantle: 3.3 - 5.8g/cm3 – Core: 10.8 g/cm3 Earthquake Seismic Waves Physical state of crust, mantle, core.
- 36. LITHOSPHERE – rigid outer shell – crust and upper mantle (~ 50 to 200 km thick) – somewhat brittle, breakable – cold (like butter out of fridge) ASTHENOSPHERE – warmer, plastic layer under lithosphere – mantle from ~ 150 to 700 km – squishy, plastic – warm (like softened butter) LOWER MANTLE – Solid, but can flow over time! – ~700 to 2900 km OUTER CORE – liquid INNER CORE Interior of Earth by Strength
- 39. Swimming Pool
- 40. Earth’s Mantle
- 43. Types of Crust Continental Crust – 20 to 70 km (10 to 30 miles) thick. – Composed of highly evolved rocks, like granite (igneous), and metamorphic rocks, squeezed and heated under mountain ranges
- 46. Oceanic Crust
- 47. Types of Crust Continental Crust – It is less dense, but thicker than oceanic crust Oceanic Crust – It is thinner, but more dense than continental crust, so it sits lower than continental crust. – Composed of basalt (volcanic).
- 53. Thick Continental Crust Floats Higher
- 54. Thick Continental Crust Floats Higher Thin Oceanic Crust Floats Lower
- 57. Water Fills in the Low Areas
- 58. And Hides Features on the Ocean Floor! Water Fills in the Low Areas
- 59. PLATE BOUNDARIES
- 60. PLATE TECTONICS Tectonics: From the Greek “tecton” builder “architect” The study of large features on Earth’s surface and the processes that formed them.
- 61. Large features: – continents, mountain ranges – ocean basins and processes: – earthquakes – volcanic eruptions These are due to movement of plates of Earth’s outer shell. All resulting from mantle convection PLATE TECTONICS: