1. Sustainability and Bioenergy from Forests
Marcia Patton-Mallory, PhD
Biomass and Bioenergy Coordinator, US Forest Service
Harvesting Green Energy Conference
Portland, OR – January 29, 2008
3. Sustainability
“…the capacity to
meet the needs of
the present without
compromising the
ability of future
generations to meet
their own needs”
(Brundtland Commission, 1987)
4. Sustainability’s Triple Bottom-Line
Interconnected and integrated
Economy
Environment Economy
Society
Environment
Society
(Maureen Hart, Sustainable Measures)
5. Forest Service Mission
The mission of the Forest Service is
to sustain the health, diversity, and
productivity of the Nation’s forests
and grasslands to meet the needs
of present and future generations.
6. Renewable Energy
• Solar and Wind Resources on
Forests and Grasslands
• Hydroelectric and Geothermal
Energy
• Bioenergy- heat, power, and
biofuels with associated
biobased products
7. Source: American Solar Energy Society. 2007. http://www.ases.org/climatechange/climate_change.pdf
9. U.S. Energy Consumption
Total = 6.2 Quadrillion Btu
− 2% Wind
Domestic Natural Gas
21%
Domestic Petroleum − 45% Hydroelectric
9%
Domestic Coal
22%
− 5% Geothermal
Domestic Renewable
Energy
6%
Domestic Nuclear − 47% Biomass
Electric
8%
− 1% Solar
All Imports
34%
72% of biomass is wood based
11. U.S. Carbon Emissions Displacement Potential from
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy by 2030
Source: American Solar Energy Society. 2007. http://www.ases.org/climatechange/climate_change.pdf
12. Total US Green House Gas Annual
Emissions by Sector (EPA, 2003)
40
35
30
25
forests and wood products
Percent CO2 Eq.
20
sequester 11% US GHG
emissions annually
15
10
5
0
try
ts
n
s
s
re
al
r
al
te
we
oil
tio
ree
uc
nti
ltu
rci
us
as
-5
S
rt a
Po
od
nT
e
cu
me
I nd
W
sid
Ag
po
Pr
ri
ic
an
ba
m
Ag
Re
ctr
ns
od
Co
rb
Ur
-10
Tra
Ele
Wo
dUe
d
fill
an
nd
-15
ts
La
res
Fo
Sectors
13. Renewable Portfolio Standards
MN: 25% by 2025 ME: 30% by 2000
VT: RE meets load 10% by 2017 - new RE
(Xcel: 30% by 2020)
growth by 2012
*WA: 15% by 2020
☼ NH: 23.8% in 2025
ND: 10% by 2015
WI: requirement varies by
MA: 4% by 2009 +
utility; 10% by 2015 goal
MT: 15% by 2015 1% annual increase
OR: 25% by 2025 (large utilities)
RI: 16% by 2020
5% - 10% by 2025 (smaller utilities)
CT: 23% by 2020
IA: 105 MW
☼ NY: 24% by 2013
☼ *NV: 20% by 2015
☼ CO: 20% by 2020 (IOUs) IL: 25% by 2025 ☼ NJ: 22.5% by 2021
*10% by 2020 (co-ops & large munis)
CA: 20% by 2010 ☼ PA: 18%¹ by 2020
MO: 11% by 2020
☼ MD: 9.5% in 2022
☼ NC: 12.5% by 2021 (IOUs)
☼ *DE: 20% by 2019
☼ AZ: 15% by 2025 10% by 2018 (co-ops & munis)
☼ DC: 11% by 2022
☼ NM: 20% by 2020 (IOUs)
*VA: 12% by 2022
10% by 2020 (co-ops)
TX: 5,880 MW by 2015
State RPS
HI: 20% by 2020
State Goal
☼ Minimum solar or customer-sited RE requirement
* Increased credit for solar or customer-sited RE
¹PA: 8% Tier I / 10% Tier II (includes non-renewables)
(Source: Database of State Incentives for Renewable Energy. 2007. “Renewables Portfolio Standards.” NC State University. NC Solar Center.
Available online at: http://www.dsireusa.org/documents/summarymaps/RPS_Map.ppt)
18. Forest Service and Climate Change
Climate Change Framework
Adaptation
Mitigation (includes reducing our carbon footprint)
Bioproducts
Policy
Tools
“I propose two forest related goals:
The first goal would be to sustain and strengthen the role of America’s
forests as a net carbon sink.
The second goal would be to increase the amount of America’s energy
that comes from forests. ”
Chief Gail Kimball- Climate Change, Kids and Forests, Sept 7, 2007
19. Net Energy and
Net GHG Emissions
Units of biofuel Reduction in GHG emissions to
produced from 1 unit of make ethanol compared to
fossil fuel gasoline made from fossil fuel
1.3 22%
Corn to ethanol
8 56%
Sugar Cane to ethanol
2.5 69%
Soybean to biodiesel
Up to 36 91%
Wood/Grass to ethanol
Data Sources (adapted from C.Mater, Mater Engineering)
•Corn to ethanol data: US DOE; EPS; Renewable Fuel's Association; Energy Future Coalition; Worldwatch Institute
•Cane to ethanol data: USDOE; Worldwatch Institute; Iowa State University
•Soy to biodiesel data: USDOE; EPA; Worldwatch Institute;
•Woody/grass biomass to ethanol: USDOE; EPA; WorldWatch Institute
24. Potentially Available Forest Resource
70
60
20
15
50
7
Millon dry tonnes per year
15
40
10
14
30
47
44
42 25
20
32
29
7
10
10
8 7
0
Fuelwood
Logging Residue
Other Removal Residue
(Other Forestland)
(Forest Products)
(Forest Products)
Fuel Treatments
Urban Wood Residue
Wood Residues
Pulping Liquors
Fuel Treatments
(Timberland)
Growth
Unexploited
Existing Use
Source: DOE and USDA “Billion Ton Report” May 2005
http://www1.eere.energy.gov/biomass/publications.html
25. Sustainability and Communities
Biobased Products and Bioenergy
air
culture and
quality
tradition watershed
protection
purchasing
power tree
agricultural
generation protection
zoning
recycling
pest
programs
management ecoindustrial
fuel
parks
choice incentive
programs
materials
heat power
Source: James and Lahti, 2004, The Natural Step for Communities
26. Restoring Fire Adapted Forest Ecosystems
RA FRCC
http://www.landfire.gov/rapid_assessment.php
29. Sustainability and Bioenergy
• Forest Resource
Issues
• National Policy
• State Policy
• Public Interest
• Sustainability- Energy, Environment, Economy
Effective biomass policy is essential to achieving
sustainable forests in the United States
30. Thank you!
Contact Information:
(970) 295-5947
mpattonmallory@fs.fed.us
For more information, please visit:
http://www.fs.fed.us/woodybiomass
