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Addressing the Gaps in PMTCT Care - A Dr Besser Presentation
1. Mitchell J. Besser, MD Founder and Medical Director mothers 2 mothers Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Cape Town 7 December 2010 mothers 2 mothers : Addressing the Gaps in PMTCT Care
2. Four Prongs of PMTCT Prevention of unintended pregnancies among HIV infected women Preventing mother to child transmission of HIV Primary prevention of HIV infection in women Provision of care and support for HIV infected mothers, their infants, partners and families
3. Integrating HIV into the push for MDGs 4 & 5 GOAL 4: REDUCE CHILD MORTALITY GOAL 5: IMPROVE MATERNAL HEALTH GOAL 6: COMBAT HIV/AIDS, MALARIA & OTHER DISEASES Target 1: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS Target 2: Achieve, by 2010, universal access to treatment for HIV/AIDS for all those who need it Target 1: Reduce by two thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate Target 1: Reduce by three quarters the maternal mortality ratio Target 2: Achieve universal access to reproductive health HIV / AIDS
5. Doctors Working in the World Sub-Saharan Africa: 25% of global disease burden 3% of world ’s health workers
6. Has only minutes per patient 1) Counsel for HIV test 2) Perform HIV test, explain results 3) Dispense single dose nevirapine, 4) Explain how to take 5) Discuss infant feeding options 6) Reinforce exclusive infant feeding 7) Perform infant HIV test at 12-months, 8) Explain results PMTCT Program Interventions: In 2001… Transmission Rates: 14-16% Nurse:
7. Still has only minutes per patient 1) Counsel for HIV test 2) Perform HIV test, explain results 3) Perform CD4 test, get and explain results. Refer for HAART if CD4<350 4) Dispense cotrimoxazole 5) Discuss infant feeding options 6) Dispense AZT (from 14 weeks), explain how to take 7) Dispense HAART (if eligible), explain how to take 8) Counsel on adherence to HAART 9) Screen for HAART related toxicity 10) Reinforce exclusive infant feeding 11) Where ARVS for breast feeding are available, explain how to use 12) Perform infant HIV test at 6 weeks, 13) Explain results 14) Refer mother to follow-up care, 15) Encourage her to attend 16) RH/FP PMTCT Program Interventions: In 2010 … Transmission Rates: 2-5% Nurse:
17. Site Management Plan MM MM MM MM SC MM SC Tertiary Care Hospital Primary Health Center Site Systems Regional or District Program Manager SC = Site Coordinator MM = Mentor Mother
18. Community Outreach Community Outreach Community Outreach Satellite Health Centres Hospital or Major HC Site System
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22. CD4 and HAART uptake among m 2 m antenatal clients (N=1246) Antenatal m2m clients CD4 Tests CD4 Results CD4 <350 HAART
23. CD4 and HAART uptake among m 2 m antenatal clients by number of visits (N=1246)
24. mothers & babies communities healthcare systems Demand and Supply Side:
25. South Africa Malawi Ethiopia Kenya Rwanda Zambia Swaziland Lesotho Botswana Uganda Mozambique ??? Tanzania m 2 m 2010
26. Total HIV-positive pregnant women enrolled: 20% of the global disease burden m 2 m Activities 2010 Current Date Nov-10 Sites 703 Field Staff 1766 Patient Encounters Per Month 267,103 New HIV-positive Women Per Month 22,111
Africa also has a disproportionate share of the world ’s doctors All you have to do is go to a hospital in London to see why.
… we must seek innovative ways of harnessing and focusing both the financial and the human resources that already exist…
Goal 1. PMTCT Prevent babies from contracting HIV through mother-to-child transmission Goal 2. Healthy mothers and infants Keep mothers and babies living with HIV/AIDS alive and healthy by increasing their access to health-sustaining medical care Goal 3. Empowerment Empower mothers living with HIV/AIDS, enabling them to fight stigma in their communities and to live positive and productive lives
INSERT BOX WITH SITE COORDINATOR = SC; MENTOR MOTHER = MM
Background Two Cross-Sectional surveys of women attending antenatal and post delivery care at three facilities in Pietermaritzburg, South Africa – before m2m introduced and one year later, after m2m introduced. Program analysis: 345 HIV+ pregnant women and 350 HIV+ post-partum women – and these were divided into program participants and non-participants. Interviews ascertained self reported behaviors and knowledge about PMTCT among women who had received m2m services more than 2 times (participants) or had no contact. >50% of HIV+ women attending services, during antenatal care or after delivery, had received services from m2m . Results Post-partum women on average received m2m services 6 times over the course of ante and post-natal period. Findings among postpartum program participants significantly better than among non-participants (bivariate analysis).
THREE LEVELS OF IMPACT: Mothers & babies Communities Healthcare system
