types, advantages, definition,place in use, components

1. Hydraulic Power Plant:
hydraulic power plants are the plants where power is being generate from the moving
water, where the turbine is located normally in the dam, and the water flows from the
water reservoir where it has high potential energy (high pressure) and it goes to the pen
stock that connects water reservoir with the turbine room, and turbine rom with the exit
stream.
Hydraulic power plant types can be classified according to the turbine type, and the three
most common types:
1- Francis Turbine.
2- Kaplan Turbine.
3- Pelton Wheel.
The selection of the turbine type depends on the height of the dam in the first place and
the flow volume, for high elevation Pelton wheel is advised, where Kaplan and Francis
used for large flow and medium heights.
Another classification also can be classified according to the turbine rotor shape, where it
will rotate according to the impulsive force (Pelton wheel), or to the reaction force
(Francis and Kaplan).
Hydraulic Power plant used in the following countries:
1- Turkey: in 2011 turkey produced 36849040 MWH from hydropower plants (39.91%
from the total power produced).
Major HEPP in turkey (HEPP wıth annual average of more than 500 GWH):
Plant Name City Turbine Capacity MW
Ataturk Şanlıurfa 8 Francis 2405
Keban Elazığ 8 Francis 1330
Karakaya Diyarbakır 6 Francis 1800
Gökçekaya Eskişehir 3 Francis 278
Oymapınar Antalya 4 Francis 540
Hasan uğurlu Samsun 4 Francis 500
Gezende Mersin - 159
Berke Osmaniye - 510
Kargamış Gazıantep - 652
Altınkaya Samsun 4 Francis 700
Arslantaş Osmaniye - 138
Birecik Şanlıurfa 6 Francis 672
Menzelet Kahramanmaraş 4 Francis 248
Sır Kahramanmaraş 3 Francis 284
Obruk Konya 4 Francis 203
Total 10419

2. 2- Brazil : in brazil, HEPP is the main power source in the country, while only Itapúa dam
(largest HEPP in the world) produces 25% from the power needed in the country and
78% from the power needed in Paraguay (1995).
Here is the major dams and HEPP in Brazil
HEPP City Turbine Capacity MW
Balbina Amazon 5 Kaplan 250
Furnas Minas/Gerias 8 Francis 1216
Itapúa Foz do 20 Francis 14000
Iguaçu/Hernandarias
Jirau Rondonia 44 Kaplan 3300
Porto Primavera Rosana/Sao Paulo 14 Kaplan 1540
Santo Antonio Porto Velho/Rondonia 44 Kaplan 3150
Serra da Mersa Minacu/Goias 3 Francis 1275
Sobradinho Bahia 6 Francis 1050
Tres Marias Tres Marias/ 6 Kaplan 387,6
Minas/Gerias
Tucurui Tucuruı/Para 25 Francis 8125
Total 34293,6
3- Pakistan: Pakistan have an installed capacity of 21 000 MW. Distributed over many
HEPP, in the table below we mention some of them.,
HEPP CITY Turbine Capacity
Tarbela Tarbela 14 Francis 3478
Ghazi-Barotha Indus 5 Francis 1450
Mangla Mangla 10 1050
Neelum-Jhelum Muzaffarabad 4 Francis 969
Kalabagh Kalabagh/Mian Wali district 12 Francis 3600
Diamer-Bhasha Gilgit/Baltistan 12 Francis 4500
Total 15047
HEPP Systems and components:
1. Intake Arrangement
Storage Reservoir
Diversion Structure or Spillway
De-silting Basin
trash Rack

3. Gates
2. Water Conductor System
Power Channel/Duct
Tunnel
Surge Shaft or Surge Tank
Drop Shaft
Pressure Shaft
Penstock with Penstock Protection Valve (Butterfly Valve)
3. Power House
A. (Mechanical Component)
Distributor / Spiral Casing
Spherical Valve or Main Inlet Valve
Turbine
EOT Crane
B. (Electrical Component)
Generator
Transformer
Switchyard
Transmission Line
C. (Powerhouse Auxiliaries)
Cooling water system
Compressed Air System
De-watering System
Drainage System
Air Conditioning System
Control & Monitoring System
Fire Protection System.
ADVANTAGES
1. No pollution or waste produced
2. Renewable energy source
3. Very reliable energy source
4. Not expensive to maintain once the dam has been built
5. Can increase the plant's production or decrease it whenever there is high or low
demand
6. Water can be stored, waiting to be used in peak times

4. DISADVANTAGES
1. Building the dam is expensive and time taking
2. The dam will change the habitat and landscape upstream, as much more land will
be submersed
3. The land below the dam is also affected as the flow of water is reduced
4. Silt can build up in the dam as the water slows down it does not have enough
energy to carry the sand and silt which it was
(http://library.thinkquest.org/06aug/01335/hydroelectric.htm).