This presentation demonstrates the link between energy and water and relies heavily on information from Western Resource Advocates and DOE. It is Colorado focused but also has a national perspective.

1. colorado.gov/energy
Energy-Water Nexus, WaterWise
Conference, October 14th, 2011
• Presented by: Conor Merrigan, LEED AP BD+C

2. Presentation Overview
• Governor’s Energy Office Overview
• National Picture
• Watergy
• Water in Colorado and the West
• Legislating Water-Energy
• Water-Energy in Buildings
• Saving Watergy
• Q&A

3. The Governor’s Energy Office (GEO) Mission
The Governor’s Energy Office promotes sustainable
economic development in Colorado through advancing
the state’s energy markets and industry to create jobs,
increase energy security, lower long term consumer
costs, and protect our environment.

4. Energy Markets Represent a Significant Opportunity for
Colorado
MISSION Tens of thousands of new jobs in the industry across
Jobs
The Governor’s fuel types (emerging & legacy) & supply chain
Energy Office promotes sustainable economic
development in (R&D, manufacturing, O&M) the state’s energy market
Colorado through advancing
and industry to create jobs, increase energy security, lower long term
consumer costs, and protectfuel types & geographic location & reducing
Security Diversifying our environment.
demand through resource efficiency reduces volatility &
increases reliability
Cost Increased efficiency and maturation of renewable
energy and alternative fuels have resulted in new low
cost sources of energy
Environment Fuel consumption represents a major source of
emissions of local pollutants and greenhouse gases

5. Market Opportunities and Barriers in the Colorado Energy
Sector
Est. Colorado Market Opportunities Market
Market Size Barriers
($ MM/yr)
MISSION
The Governor’s nergy Office •promotes sustainable economic of externalities
$17,000 Accelerate investment in new • Full accounting
Power Generation technologies (driven by • Transmission infrastructure
development in Colorado through advancing the state’s energy markets
(In State) environmental and security • Technology maturity (eg clean
factors) coal, solar)
and industry to create jobs, increase energy security, lower long term
-$1,700 • Displace imports (~10% of • Transmission infrastructure
consumer costs, is a net protect our environment.
Power Generation (CO and consumption • Protectionist policies (CA)
(Export) importer) • Export $1,000s CA, AZ, NV
energy markets)
TBD* • Additional annual economic • Valuation by market makers /
Consumer consumer savings TBD FY12* regulators
Efficiency • Consumer information
• Access to financing
$8,000 • 10% displacement of oil with • Fueling infrastructure
Transportation alternative fuels will keep $8,077 • Economies of scale
Fuels mm / yr in Colorado • Price volatility concerns
• Accounting for externalities
$11,000 • Increased investment potential in • Limited market demand and
Natural Gas CO (amount TBD) export capacity
Production • Public perception driving
regulatory uncertainty

6. GEO Promotes Policies that Support Private Sector
Solutions
Profit Societal
Opportunity Interest

7. colorado.gov/energy
National Picture
Energy Water Nexus 201

8. Consumption
Energy Demands on Water Resources: Report to Congress on
the Interdependency of Water and Energy, US Department of
Energy 2006 8

9. Withdrawals
 Part of energy cycles -- for
providing water for U.S.
consumers; for treating water to
user-specific standards; and for
treating and discharging
wastewater to protect natural
resources (surface waters and
subsurface aquifers)
 Understand that water “use”
-- is defined in terms of
withdrawals (competitive, multi-
path traffic) and in terms of
consumption
Source -- “Summary of Estimated Water Use in
the United States in 2005,” USGS, October 2009
9

10. Statewise Water Withdrawals by Sector
Regional
Groupings
 irrigation and power sectors are dominant user groups
 western U.S. heavy in irrigation demand
 eastern U.S. heavy in power demand
Source -- “Summary of Estimated Water Use in the United
States in 2005,” USGS, October 2009 10

11. U.S. Water Withdrawals -- Statewise Overview
Resource challenges -- withdrawals and transport over greater
distances or from greater depths
Increases in groundwater salinity and chemical content leading to
increased treatment needs Energy and Water Interdependency = NOW
Examples of Declining Groundwater Levels
(Bartolino and Cunningham, 2003, per Ho, Sandia)
Region Groundwater Table Decline
Water table declined, stream flows reduced, salt
Long Island, NY water moving inland
Declined up to 100 ft, water supply (saturated
High Plains thickness) reduced over half in some areas
Pacific Northwest Groundwater level declines up to 100 ft
Tucson/Pheonix, AZ Declines of 300 to 500 ft, subsidence up to 12.5 ft
Las Vegas, NV Declines up to 300 ft, subsidence up to 6 ft
Antelope Valley, CA Declines over 300 ft, subsidence over 6ft
Source: “Energy-Water Science & Technology Research Roadmap,”
Hightower, Sandia National Laboratories, 2005
Source: “Development of a technology roadmap for the energy and water
Nexus,” C. K. Ho et al, Sandia, WATER2006, October 2006

12. Example Energy Loads
common energy duties to procure, process, and
deliver water and wastewater:
 pump -- withdrawal from a resource
 treat -- e.g. SDWA, industrial user standards, etc.
 pump -- to users via a distribution network
 pump -- of wastewater via a collection network
 treat -- of wastewater (e.g. NPDES)
 pump -- of treated wastewater to a resource
Therefore: build energy estimates using above treatment
duties and sectoral profiles to estimate pumping duties.
SDWA -- Safe Drinking Water Act
NPDES -- National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System 12

13. Options for Reducing Energy for Water:
 Pumps -- capacity matching, efficiency
 Motors -- capacity matching, efficiency
 Controls -- flexibility and optimization
 can be targeted to prioritize effectiveness re. cost, energy, and environment
 can be addressed, in many cases, independently of other system efficiency
issues such as infrastructure energy loadings, process configurations, etc.
 components typically accessible to change-out with modest structural implications
 capturing energy savings is not likely to invoke a cascade of other system changes
 caveat -- this is not to the exclusion of comprehensive system analyses, upgrades
13

14. Source -- NREL estimates, August 2010 (in process)
Source -- “Summary of Estimated Water Use in
the United States in 2005,” USGS, October 2009
14

15. Treatment Power Requirements:
current and future water supply
Today Future
Treatment Implications:
5000 In view of the dominance of water
transport energy -- What will rising
water treatment demands do to the
Sea Water energy balance of our water supplies?
4000
Desalination
3000
1. higher treatment energy duty is still
a fraction of transport energy in
Brackish most cases
Water
2000 Treatment 2. such instances of energy shift will
be for limited, site-specific cases
1000 3. overall national energy duties for
Public Water water still dominated by transport
Supply Systems
Source: EPRI (2000), Water Desalination Task Force (2003), via Hightower, Sandia, 2005
15

16. Embodied Energy of Water
Source
Collection, Water Water
Extraction & Treatment Distribution
Conveyance
End-use
Recycled Water Recycled Water Agricultural
Treatment Distribution Residential
Commercial
Industrial
Wastewater Wastewater
Discharge Treatment Collection
Source Graphic: Bob Wilkinson, UCSB
“Energy Intensity Water Report”, Western
Resource Advocates, 2009

17. colorado.gov/energy
Watergy
Energy Water Nexus 201

18. 18

19. Water Use for Energy

20. Overall Consumptive Water Use by Region
Consumptive Water Use for U.S. Power Production, NREL,
P. Torcellini, N. Long, and R. Judkoff, Dec 2003 20

21. Water Consumed per kWh
Consumptive Water Use for U.S. Power Production, NREL, P.
Torcellini, N. Long, and R. Judkoff, Dec 2003 21

22. Water Intensity of Electricity Sources
1,800
Emerging
1,600
Technologies
1,400
gal/MWh
1,200
Renewables
Water Intensity of Electricity Generation: Legend
1,000 Conventional
800 Generation
200
600 180
400 160
200 140
0 120
te gal/MWh
100
)
as clea et)
, P with C
)
( h y)
)
am et)
So ry)
CS
)
S
SP et)
al ss d
V
ith S
ar t)
G et)
in b rid
et
(C CT
et
m Win
C
CC
e
rP
r
,w C
(w
w
w
er n ar ( d
(d
,w
rC w
(w
,w
Co CC l, IG
C
80
CC ith C
as s (
Nu al (
(s r (
y
la P (
la
y
y
C
a
ar
a
Co
So S
a
NG , w
y
60
in
, I Co
rC
,
m ,b
,b
C
G o th Bio
la
i
G
al
40
,b
So
G
m
m
al
al
G
er
al
20
th
er
Co
eo
th
e
G
0
G
eo
Coal Nuclear Natural Gas Solar Wind Biomass Geothermal
"Water Use for Energy - Western Resource Advocates." Western Resource
Advocates - Protecting the West’s Land, Air, and Water. Web. 13 Oct. 2011.
<http://www.westernresourceadvocates.org/water/waterenergy.php>.

23. Water Intensity of Fuel Production
Energy Demands on Water Resources: Report to Congress on
the Interdependency of Water and Energy, US Department of
Energy 2006 23

24. Water Use Ethanol
Irrigation: 1000 - 1200 Gallons of Water
Processing:
4.2 Gallons
of Water
1 Gallon of
Ethanol
=

25. Water Use: Oil Shale
Upgrading? 22 Barrels
1 Mining/ Retort
Barrel 2 – 5 Barrels
of Oil
=
Western Resource Advocates

26. Energy for Water

27. kWh/AF
hp>.
-
De
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
Al nv
bu er
qu ,C
er
qu O
e
Ph , N
Ph oe M
oe ni
ni x,
Tu x, AZ
AZ
cs
on (C
, A AP
"Energy/Water Pipelines - Western Resource
)
Existing
Supplies
La Z (C
West’s Land, Air, and Water. Web. 13 Oct. 2011.
s
Ve A P)
ga
s,
Advocates." Western Resource Advocates - Protecting the
No Re
<http://www.westernresourceadvocates.org/water/pipeline.p
NV
r th us Co
Intensity of Water
er
n La e (S nse
rv
In ke t.
te Po G at
io
gr eo n
Re at w rg
Ya ed el e,
gi lP
on m Su i UT
al pa pp peli )
W Pu ly ne
at
er m Pr (U
sh pb oj
ec T )
So ed ack t(
ut Su Pr CO
he pp oj )
SN rn ly ec
W De Pr t (C
A liv oj O
G er ec )
ro yS t(
un CO
Yu dw yst
m em )
a at
De er (C
sa Pr O
lte oje )
Ca rP ct
rls ro (N
ba je V)
Energy Energy Intensity of the West's Water Supplies
d ct
De * (A
sa Z)
Proposed New Supplies
lin
at
io
n

28. End Use Energy
“Energy Intensity Water Report”, Western
Resource Advocates, 2009

29. In 5 Southwestern states,
power plants consume
~292 million gallons a day
Change in Runoff
(2041 – 2060 vs. 1900 – 1970)
13% of the nation’s energy
use is by the water sector
(The River Network, 2009)
Western Resource Advocates

30. colorado.gov/energy
Water in Colorado and the West
• Energy Water Nexus 201

31. Colorado- Source Water
• Primarily snow melt
from the mountains
• Twelve diversion
points from the
western slope
• 80% of our water
comes from the
western slope
• 80% of our water is
used on the eastern
slope
Map: Colorado River District
Architect: RB+B / Hutton

32. Source Water
• 2/3 of our river water goes to other states
• 90% of the water that leaves the state comes from our rivers
• Portion of our water comes from ground water supplies
• Water stored in local reservoirs
Photo by Paul Brokering
Map: Colorado River District

33. Proposed Water Supply Projects
“Million”
Central Utah Project
Project
NISP
Windy
GDP Powell
Gap
Pipeline
SDS
CA Aqueduct SJ Chama
Carlsbad
Desal. Central Arizona
Project
YDP
"Energy/Water Pipelines - Western Resource Advocates." Western Resource
Advocates - Protecting the West’s Land, Air, and Water. Web. 13 Oct. 2011.
<http://www.westernresourceadvocates.org/water/pipeline.php>.

34. Water Intensity of Electricity Generation
00 Existing Energy-Related Water Demands: Colorado River
00 Emerging
Technologi
es
• Colorado River
00 Legend
water use:
6,080 AF/yr
167,000 AF/yr
Coal
00 • Additional in-
Nuclear
basin water use
Gas
for power
00 Solar generation:
Conventional
Generation Renewables
Wind 170,000 AF/yr
Biomass
00
Geothermal
00
00
"Water Use for Energy - Western Resource Advocates." Western Resource
Advocates - Protecting the West’s Land, Air, and Water. Web. 13 Oct. 2011.
<http://www.westernresourceadvocates.org/water/waterenergy.php>.
0
s
al
al
d
r
r
s

35. What is the value of water?
Municipal Tap Fees in the Western United States
Costs are not annualized, but are
adjusted to a common metric
($/AF)
Map creation: Joseph Hoover

36. CO water costs
• Water prices rose sharply in Colorado with population growth and drought
Water Sales to Municipalities:
Colorado
2,500
2,000
Annualized Cost
(2008$/AF/yr)
1,500
1,000
500
-
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

37. Energy Use of Proposed Water Projects
The energy used by each pipeline could support thousands of residents.
Equivalent Energy Use
Project
(# of People)
Southern Nevada Water Authority 15,100 Nevadans
Lake Powell Pipeline 32,500 Utahns
Southern Delivery System 24,000 Coloradans
Northern Integrated Supply Project 3,300 – 5,600 Coloradans
Million Pipeline 42,000 Coloradans
Emissions equivalent:
burning 48,000,000
gallons of gasoline/yr.
“Energy Intensity Water Report”, Western
Resource Advocates, 2009

38. colorado.gov/energy
Legislating Water
Energy Water Nexus 201

39. Federal Legislative/Regulatory Info
• water use flow rates for bathroom fixturesNEPA (National
Environmental Policy Act)
• all federal agencies' funding or permitting decisions be made
with full consideration of the impact to the natural and human
environment
• Watersense Project
• Label for products that are at least 20 percent more efficient
without sacrificing performance
• Climate policies
• Obama Administration’s Executive Orders Oct. 5, 2010
• 26% improvement in water efficiency by 2020;
• EPAct 1992: Specified maximum
• Toilet: 1.6 gpf
• Urinal: 1.0 gpf
• Showerhead: 2.5 gpm
• Faucet: 2.2 gpm (restroom) and 2.5 gpm (kitchen)

40. Non-Colorado State Legislative/Regulatory Info
• Arizona: RW harvesting, gray water and tax credit for gray water systems
• Nevada: “Agnostic” on RW harvesting and gray water use
• New Mexico: RW harvesting legal; Gray water use: legal for residences up to
250 gal/day
• Utah: Allows RW harvesting by people who own water rights;
• Wyoming: Not regulating RW harvesting, limited use of gray water systems.

41. Regulations for Colorado Energy Utilities
• Amendment 37 – Colorado’s RPS – notes the water savings of renewables
• The Colorado PUC allows utilities to evaluate and rank competitive bids for
renewables based on the cost of the energy and other factors, including
water use.
• As of August, 2010, the PUC will require utilities to report water
consumption for existing and proposed facilities and the water intensity (in
gal/MWh) of resource portfolios.

42. New Water Supplies
HB 1365 – Clean Air, Clean Jobs Act
• Retire/repower/retrofit ~900 MW of coal plants on the Front Range
(incl. Cherokee, Valmont, Arapahoe)
• Cherokee (Denver) – consumes ~7,000 AF/yr
• Valmont (Boulder) – consumes ~2,000 AF/yr
What is the water value of Xcel Energy’s plan?
• Water rights: $86 million
• Timing: 2015 – 2022
Are there other opportunities for energy
decisions to benefit water?

43. Greywater in Colorado
• Greywater = water from
showers, laundry, sinks, and
dishwashing
• Used for irrigation of non-
edible plants
• Regulated by:
• State of CO Guidelines on
Individual Sewage
Disposal Systems
• County Individual Sewage
Disposal Systems (ISDS)
regulations
http://stephaniebayer.fastpage.name/graywaterresourceinc/

44. Greywater in Colorado
• Subsurface, below the root use,
requires local health department
permit only
• Surface applications require
permitting and monitoring
• CO Dept. of Public Health and
Environment (CDPHE)
regulations: greywater not
separated from blackwater
• 2,000 gallons/day require CDPHE
permitting
• Excessive use may create
problems (or benefits) for
wastewater treatment plants.
• Well permits may allow for Image: NorCal Blogs
greywater use

45. Rainwater Harvesting in Colorado
• All precipitation falling within the
borders belongs to the State of
Colorado
• Senate Bill 09-080 allows limited
rainwater collection for residential well
users not served by a municipality or
water district for landscape irrigation
• Can detain water for 72 hours
• Pilot program measuring changes
in streamflow
due to rainwater harvesting.
(Sterling Ranch)
www.dallasnews.com
Architect: RB+B / Hutton
Source:
http://www.ext.colostate.edu/pubs/natres/06702.
html

46. Buildings & Water Usage
Energy Water Nexus 201

47. Commercial Building Water Usage
• Buildings use 20% of
the world’s water
Cooling/ Domestic/
• Highest use heating restrooms
• Cooling/heating 33% 37%
• Domestic/restrooms
• Water efficiency in
buildings can lead to:
• 10-11% reduction in
energy use Other (incl.
• 11-12% reduction in kitchen) Landscaping
operating costs 10% 20%
Image: American Water Works Association

48. Cooling
• Evaporative Coolers
• Assumption that
water use is too high
• The average CO
power plant uses 1
gallon of water to
produce 1 kWh of
electricity
• Better to use water
on-site or to use it at
the power plant at a
higher cost?
Image: www.evaporativecooleraustralia.com.au
Architect: RB+B / Hutton

49. Cooling
• Highest water use is for
Image: www.maxdesignwalker.com
cooling towers
• “..devices to get rid of
unwanted energy with
wanted water.” – Bill
Hoffman, Water
Conservation Specialist
• 1.44 gallons of water
evaporated for every
3.5 kWh of cooling
Image: Hooper Corp.

50. Cooling
• Cooling tower water
loss occurs by:
• Evaporation
• Drift loss
• Blowdown
• Makeup water
continuously added
Image: Widetec Corp.

51. Reducing Cooling Tower Wasted Water
• Strategies
• Meter the blowdown and makeup
water flows
• Use conductivity controllers to
maintain desired concentrations
• Install overflow alarms
• Utilize drift eliminators
• Technologies
• Inline Water pre-treatment to
eliminate/blowdown
Image: www2.bren.ucsb.edu

52. colorado.gov/energy
Saving Water and Energy
Energy Water Nexus 201

53. Conservation Savings

54. Strategies for Reduction
Identify
• Water audit Opportunities • Incentives
• Water footprint • Domestic • Measurement
• Life-cycle costing • Industrial/Process and Verification
• Landscaping
Quantify • Leaks
Implement
Water Use

55. Quantify How Much Water is Being Used

56. Quantify How Much Water is Being Used (cont.)
Develop a Water Use Baseline
• Develop a Water Balance
• Quantify total water entering your system from meters
• Quantify all facility and equipment level metered sources
• Estimate unmetered uses
• Estimate losses
• Estimate water use at the end-use

57. Quantify How Much Water is Being Used (cont.)
Calculate Your Water Footprint in four distinct phases:
• Setting goals and scope
• Water footprint accounting
• Water footprint sustainability assessment
• Water footprint response formulation
http://www.waterfootprint.org/
Direct and indirect use of water
Personal, quick and extended calculator
Corporate footprint calculator guidance
http://www.h2oconserve.org/?page_id=503
Direct and indirect use of water

58. Quantify How Much Water is Being Used (cont.)
Life-cycle accounting (LCCA)
• Estimate overall costs of project alternatives
• Select design that with lowest life-cycle costs (LCC).
• Perform LCCA early in design process for biggest impact on LCC
Viewed over a 30 year
period, initial building costs
account for approximately
just 2% of the total, while
operations and maintenance
costs equal 6%, and
personnel costs equal 92%.
Graphic: Sieglinde Fuller, Source: Sustainable Building Technical Manual /Joseph J. Romm, Lean and Clean Management, 1994. 58

59. Identify Opportunities for Reduction (cont)
• Boiler Water
• Retrofit to recover water and heat
(saves 50-70% in operating costs)
• Convert steam systems to hot
water pipes
• Insulate pipes
• Install flow meters and automated
controls
• Use water quality indicators for
blowdown instead of timers
• Save energy to save water!
Image: www.theworldtopics.com/boilers Architect: RB+B / Hutton

60. Identify Opportunities for Reduction:
Retrofit/Replacement/New Construction
EPA’s WaterSense Program (http://www.epa.gov/watersense/)
• Generally 20 percent more water-efficient
• Draft Specifications Under Development:
• Weather- or Sensor-Based Irrigation Control Technologies
• Pre-rinse Spray Valves
• Water Softeners
• Final Specifications:
• Certification Programs for Irrigation Professionals
• High-Efficiency Urinals
• High-Efficiency Lavatory Faucets
• High-Efficiency Toilets
• High-Efficiency Showerheads
• Water-Efficient Single-Family New Homes

61. Resources/Incentives
• Federal Tax Credit
• Business Energy ITC:
• Denver Water offers free commercial water-use audits.
• http://www.denverwater.org/Conservation/TipsTools/Commercial/
• FEMP: http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/water/
• Cost Calculator for Faucets and Showerheads:
• EPA WaterSense: http://www.epa.gov/watersense/
• EPA EnergyStar: http://www.energystar.gov/
• AWWA: http://www.awwa.org/
• California Urban Water Conservation Council: http://cuwcc.org/

62. colorado.gov/energy
Tools
Energy Water Nexus 201

63. National Geographic Water Footprint Calculator
http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/freshwater/water-footprint-calculator/

64. Kohler commercial water calculator
• Estimates water
usage compared to
U.S. average and
LEED baselines
• Both commercial and
residential
• Example: Ambient
Energy office
• Building and user
data
• Fixtures
Architect: RB+B / Hutton

65. Kohler commercial water calculator
• Results – 58.4% reduction compared to the US average
Architect: RB+B / Hutton

66. Watergy Calculator
• http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/information/download_watergy.html
• A spreadsheet model that uses water and energy relationship
assumptions to analyze the potential for savings.
• Estimates direct water, direct energy, and indirect energy annual
savings as well as total cost and payback times.

67. Denver Water –Program Summary
• Overview
• Indoor Commercial
Incentive Program
• Irrigation Incentive Program
• Commercial and
Residential Rebates

68. Innovations

69. Three Exciting Technologies
• Biological Treatment for Wastewater, Ag Applications
• Mineral Extraction Water Retreat – Mechanical and
Chemical
• 2 stage Anaerobic Digestion for Dry Feedlot Manure
69

70. Fundamental Realities of
Lagoon Dynamics
Good Algae vs. Bad Algae
•“Mat algae” (cyanobacteria or blue-green algae) disrupt
treatment process and pollute discharge waterways.
•Single-cell (microalgae) however, produce pure oxygen
and will out-compete “mat algae” for nutrients.
Air vs. Oxygen
•Oxygen is a critical component for biological treatment.
•Atmospheric air contains only ~20% oxygen.
•Increased oxygen supply = increased performance.

71. Oxygen Production
(Mechanical Aerator vs. Biological Aerator)
Mechanical Aerators (Blowers)
High initial costs
High electrical power consumption
Continual maintenance
No adjustment flexibility for lagoon
fluctuations
Limited Oxygen Transfer Efficiency
Biological Aerator (Algae)
Low initial cost
Low power requirement (solar)
Laminar mixing provided by small bubble
diffusers
Pure oxygen generation
Variable oxygen production depending
on change of influent characteristics.

72. Wastewater Treatment Methods With Microalgae
•Will meet current discharge requirements.
•Uses 45% - 85% less power than alternative systems.
•Meets criteria for a “green” solution and possible “green”
funding.
•CAPEX and OPEX costs are 30% to 60% less than
mechanical systems with 2 to 3 times longer useful life.
•Easily expandable for additional capacity.
•“Operator friendly”
•More adaptable to future technology than mechanical
systems.

73. colorado.gov/energy
Questions?
Contact Information:
Conor.Merrigan@state.co.us
(303)866-3965

74. Additional Resources

75. Denver Water – Indoor Commercial Incentive Program
• Overview
• Commercial, industrial,
institutional customers
• Pays $21.50 per thousand
gallons of water saved
annually
• Must show minimum
savings of 100,000 gal/year
• Requirements
• Equipment or technology
must be in use for 20 years
• Must be able to be sub-
metered or measurable
within other means

76. Denver Water – Indoor Commercial Incentive Program
• Examples
• Replacing water-cooled
with air-cooled equipment
• Upgrading industrial laundry
equipment
• Process water reclamation
systems
• Improvements to cleaning
processes
• Ineligible
• Irrigation
• Plumbing Fixtures

77. Denver Water – Irrigation Incentive Program
• Overview
• Homeowner’s
associations,
commercial, and
irrigation only customers
• Pays $21.50 per
thousand gallons of
water saved annually,
over a 5 year period
• Requirements
• Equipment or
technology must be in
use for 20 years
• Estimated savings must
meet a minimum of 3
acre feet per year

78. Denver Water – Irrigation Incentive Program
• Examples
• Replacing irrigation
system
• Improving pressure and
efficiency by installing
pump systems
• Upgrading weather
based controls
• Replacing turf with
native grass or low-
water plants

79. Denver Water – Irrigation Incentive Program
• Rebates
• 50% material cost of
rain cans
• 50% material cost of
gear driven motor heads
• $5/nozzle, $20 minimum
for rotary nozzles
• 25% material cost of
weather based smart
controllers
• $1000 material
installation cost per
contract
• Design Assistance
• 10% of project savings
up to $10,000

80. Denver Water - Rebates
• Commercial New Construction
• Clothes washer - $150
• Coin/card operated laundry - $150
• High efficiency toilet -$125
• High efficiency urinal - $50
• Flushometer bowl/valve
combination - $75-125
• Cooling tower meter - $50
• Cooling tower controller - $500
• Boilerless steamer - $350
• Car wash nozzles - $1/nozzle
• Car wash weep system - $100
• Warewashing equipment - $300