Presentation about the psychosocial impact of the breast cancer patients, speccially in the post-mastectomy, and the importance of the nursing role.

2. •DEFINITION: Overgrowth of breast cells.
•Most breast cancers begin in the cells that line the ducts or the
lobules. A small number start in other tissues.
•Breast tumours can be classified in:
BENIGN TUMOUR
MALIGN TUMOUR

3. •Growth abnormally of the cells and the formation of the lump.

4. •The cancer cells can be able to spread beyond the breast.

5. Statistical Information Team at Cancer Research UK, 2012

6. Gender
Age
Hormonal factors
Previous breast conditions
•Exposure to the oestrogen and
progesterone hormones for long and
uninterrupted periods;
• Nulliparity or 1st pregnancy after 30;
•Not
having
breastfed
breastfeeding;
•Overweight or obesity;
• Early menstruation (before 12);
•Sedentary life;
Family history
•Late menopause (after 50).
•Addiction;
•High-fat diet;
Non-reprodutive lifestyle factors
•Shift work;
•Radiation exposure.
or

7. DUCTAL
CARCINOMA
LOBULAR
CARCINOMA
Ductal
carcinoma in situ
Invasive ductal
carcinoma
Lobular
carcinoma in situ
Invasive lobular
carcinoma

10. SURGERY
CHEMOTHERAPY
RADIOTHERAPY
Mastectomy
Lumpectomy
HORMONAL
THERAPY

11. Diagnosis
After surgery
•Stress
•Anxiety
•Fear
Adaptation to a new
body image
Reintegration into
family life
• Treatment
• Disease's impact in their life
• Pain
•Recurrence
•Death
Rehabilitation
work

12. BREAST
•Femininity
•Reproduction
Sexual and attractive
meaning
•Life
•Motherhood
•Breastfeeding
LOSS THEIR IDENTITY AS A
WOMAN

13. MARITAL ROLE
BREAST
CANCERFamiliar
’S
TREATMENTS
Marital
LESS SEXUAL
ATRACTION
•Loss of breast;
Professional hair;
•Loss of
•Increase in weight
Social
DECREASE OF
SEXUAL
SATISFACTION

14. Psychosocial
Impact
Negation
Acceptance
Revolt
Wrong coping COPING
strategies STRATEGIES
Depression
Destruction of
quality of life
Isolation

15. • Encourage changes in psychosocial aspects;
GOALS:
• Upgrade the current lifestyle;
•Improve the quality of life.
•Provide an atmosphere of acceptance, openness and availability as well as privacy
for patient.
•Promote a calm and quiet environment.
•Explore with her previous methods of dealing with life problems.
•Encourage verbalization of their feelings and fears.
•Encourage to identify their own strengths and abilities.
•Arrange social support.
•Encourage the participation in breast cancer support groups.

16. •American Cancer Society. Breast Cancer Facts & Figures 2011-2012. Atlanta: American Cancer
Society, Inc, 2012.
•American Cancer Society. Breast Cancer. Atlanta: American Cancer Society, Inc, 2013;
•Arroyo, J.; López, M. Psychological Problems Derived from Mastectomy: A Qualitative Study.
International Journal of Surgical Oncology. 2011;
•Compas, B.; Luecken, L. Psychosocial Adjustment to Breast Cancer. American Psychological
Society. 2002;
•Dahl, C.; Reinersten, K.; Nesvold, I. A Study of Body Image in Long-Term Breast Cancer Survivors.
Journal Cancer. 2010;
•Fallbjork, U.; Rasmussen, B.; Karlsson, S.; Salander, P. Aspects of body image after mastectomy
due to breast cancer e A two-year follow-up study. European Journal of Oncology Nursing. 2012;
•Gumus, A.; Çam, O. Effects of Emotional Support-Focused Nursing Interventions on the
Psychosocial Adjustment of Breast Cancer Patients. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, Vol.
9, 2008;
•National Cancer Institute. What you need to know about breast cancer. National Institutes of
Health. 2012;
•Paiva, L.; Dantas, D; Silva, F. [et. al]. Body image and sexuality of women who underwent a radical
mastectomy: integrative review. Journal of Nursing UFPE Online, 2013;
•Shoma, A. [et. al]. Body image disturbance and surgical decision making in Egyptian post
menopausal breast cancer patients. World Journal of Surgical Oncology, 2009.