So what does it all mean?

Research shows that the amount of
student learning that occurs in a
classroom is directly proportional
to the quality and quantity of
student involvement in the
educational program…
(Cooper and Prescott , 1989)

Every truth has four corners:
As a teacher
I give you one corner,
And;
It is for you to find the other three
~
Confucious
~

Inquiry based learning
can be defined as
seeking information by
questioning

Marsh & Hart (2011, p. 96)

“Curiosity…
is the wick in the candle of
learning.”
William A. Ward

Inquiry based learning, is a student centered
and student led process. It is driven more by a
student’s questions than by a teacher’s
lessons…

“The purpose is to engage students in active
learning ideally based on their own
questions.”

Murdoch & Wilson (2004)

… Inquiry based learning is an
approach that leads students to
“alternative paths and solutions”
in the process of discovering and
exploring new information about a
topic ...

Burich (2007, p. 274)

We
learn more by looking
for the answer to a question
and not finding it
than we do from learning the
answer itself.
~
Lloyd Alexander
~

Inquiry based learning focuses on learning to
learn…

g

‘ whereby students learn
about the big ideas
that help them
con nect and make
s e n s e of their
world.t

… Inquiry Based Learning supports
students to investigate
questions and problems,
passions and interests
about the world both around
and
within them …

… Inquiry Based Learning helps to
develop students thinking about
how the world is, rather than
relying on theory …

… Inquiry based learning is

“learning based on the belief that
students are powerful learners who
must be actively engaged…”

Wilson & Wing Jan (2003; p. 10)

“W h e n w e s e e k t o m a k e s e n s e
of the world around us, we
wonder, we plan, we analyse,
we create, we ref lect.
At its very heart, i nqu iry is
all about thinking
– t h i nki ng i n order to make
meaning.”
Kath Murdoch (2004)

… Inquiry based learning is a
process that recognises the active
role of the learner in building,
understanding and making sense
of information…

“involving the learner and leading
him to understand”
Shroff (2011)

Inquiry Based Learning is a pedagogic
strategy highly influenced by the
theory of constructivism.
Wilson & Murdoch (2004); Educational Broadcasting Corporation (2004); Kolb., D., A. (1984)

John
Dewey

believed that
learning was
active

The aim of education should be to
teach us rather how to think, than
what to think—rather to improve
our minds, so as to enable us to
think for ourselves, than to load the
memory with the thoughts of other
men
~
John Dewey
~

Jean Piaget

Believed the learner
must be active;
he is not a vessel to
be filled with facts

The principle goal of education in the
schools should be creating men and
women who are capable of doing new
things, not simply repeating what other
generations have done; men and women
who are creative, inventive and
discoverers, who can be critical and
verify, and not accept, everything they
are offered

~
Jean Piaget
~

Lev Vygotsky

Believed that
human mental
activity is the
result of social
learning

… an essential feature of learning is that
it creates the zone of proximal
development; that is, learning awakens a
variety of internal developmental
processes that are able to operate only
when the child is interacting with people
in his environment and in cooperation
with his peers
~
Lev Vygotsky
~

Jerome Bruner

Believed that learners
construct new ideas
or concepts based
upon existing
knowledge

Knowing how something is put
together is worth a thousand facts
about it.
~
Bruner
~

Maria
Montessori

Believed that
education is a
natural process
which develops
spontaneously in
the human being

...we discovered that education is not
something which the teacher does ...
It is not acquired by listening to words,
but in virtue of experiences in which the
child acts on his environment.
The teacher's task is not to talk, but to
prepare and arrange a series of motives
for cultural activity in a special
environment made for the child
~
Dr. Maria Montessori
~

INITIATE
GATHER
ANALYSE
SYNTHESISE
APPLY
REFLECT

Inquiry based learning is an information
processing model that uses an interactive
approach - students become involved in the
inquiry, direct the inquiry, and interact with
people and resources – allowing students to
discover meaning and relevance through a
series of steps that lead to a conclusion or
reflection on the newly attained knowledge.

Marsh & Hart (2011)

Inquiry Based Learning is not about
memorising facts - it involves students
being involved in investigations that
require them to explore possibilities.
Students are presented with a focus
question, collect data, draw
conclusions, evaluate and reflect upon
their process
(Marsh & Hart, 2011)

What does
it look like
in the
classroom?

According to Murdoch and Wilson
(2004), Learning Based Inquiries
are generally…

… student centered and directed

… teacher as a guide or facilitator

… emphasises process and skill
development

… require students to ask questions

… encourage learner interaction

… build upon the students prior
knowledge

… include open-ended inquiries

… include direct experiences

… explore affective aspects of
learning

… raise different perspectives and
tackle values

Inquiry based learning is a
vehicle for the teaching of
HSIE

It underpins and comprises
effective teaching in HSIE…

… provides opportunities for students to focus
on the development of understandings about
various personal, community and global
concepts, generalisations and issues whilst

“learning to acquire information,
to use an inquiry process
and
to participate in social and civic life”

(Board of Studies NSW, 2007)

Inquiry based learning in HSIE aims to develop
students who are confident, successful,
connected, creative, actively involved,
informed, skillful and lifelong learners;
involving students in meaningful research that
emphasises their abilities to explore various
perspectives and concepts, solve problems and
take responsible action.
(Board of Studies NSW, 2007., p. 10)

Inquiries are authentic in nature, hence
students use skills in real life situations, that
have a purpose and are meaningful for
students.

Board of Studies NSW, 2007; Coffman (2007)

Inquiry Learning in HSIE

Retrieval Charts & Timelines


Narratives and story-telling


Poetry, film and media sources


Polling and surveying


Artefact Analysis & Source Studies


Site Studies (Virtual and Physical)

Anticipation Guides and Directed
Reading

Venn Charts & KWL Charts


Problem based learning tasks

Mind mapping & Consequence Charts

Photo Essays

Inquiry Learning in HSIE with ICT


• provides flexibility to meet
individual needs and abilities of
each student


• used as a tool for knowledge
construction setting in student
centered lessons


• presents information in new and
relevant ways


• motivates and stimulates
student learning


• enables students to gain skills
with the tools of the information
age

Geographic Mapping

Inquiry Learning in
HSIE with ICT
Wikis


Wikis


WebQuests


Podcasting


Blogging

Simulation Games and Moral Dilemmas

What I hear, I forget.
What I see, I remember.
1W h a t I d o , I u n d e r s t a n d .
12

~
Confucius
~

Woolley, M. & Pigdon, K. (1993) The Big Picture. Eleanor Curtain, Armadale.

Wilson, J. & Wing Jan, L. (2003) Focus on Inquiry. Curriculum Corporation, Victoria.

Wilson, A. & Wing Jan, L. (2003) Focus on Inquiry: A practical approach to intergrated
curriculum planning. Retrieved 15th March 2013 from
http://books.google.com.au/books?id=qHMZb4rK6ccC&printsec=frontcover&source
=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false

Smith, M.K. (2002) Jerome S. Bruner and the process of education: the encyclopedia of informal
education. Retrieved 15th March, 2013 from
http://www.infed.org/thinkers/bruner.htm.

Shroff, M. P. (2011) Asking questions more important than answering. Retrieved 15th March 2013
from http://www.dnaindia.com/opinion/column_asking-questions-more-important-
than-answering_1492195

Reynolds, R (2012), Teaching History, geography & SOSE in the Primary School, Oxford, Sydney.

Overbaugh, R. (2004) An Overview of Jerome Brunner His Theory of Constructivism. Retrieved
15th March 2013 from
http://www.odu.edu/educ/roverbau/Class_Websites/761_Spring_04/Assets/course_d
ocs/I D_Theory_Reps_Sp04/Bruner-Cherry.pdf

So what does it all mean?

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