Unacceptable practises in industrial food production systems: Close confinement of pigs and poultry in cages; Barren environments with no enrichment; Routine mutilations; and Use of antibiotics for growth promotion and cover-up cruelty

1. FoodSystems:a21st centuryOneHealthchallenge
One HealthDay 2020, AFROHUN
Dr Kelvin Momanyi, BVM, MSc
Campaigns Officer (Animals in Farming)
World Animal Protection, Africa
3rd November2020|Mobile:0727739772|Email|KelvinMomanyi@worldanimalprotection.org

2. Presentation
outline• Warming up –(alumni insights and inspiration)
• Food systems a 21st century OneHealth problem:
• Complex food systems
• Surveillance
• A focus on animal welfare and public health
• Conclusion and recommendations

3. Warmingup–(CAVSalumniinsightsandinspiration)
One HealthDay 2020, AFROHUN

4. Warming up: your purpose
Reflect on the promise you made to yourself

5. Warming up: life in campus
Network and update knowledge e.g. conferences,
workshops, short trainings
Oct. 2009

6. Warming up: dare yourself
Pioneered One HealthClub, University of Nairobi to
catalyze One Health skillsamong students across
Kenya:
• Expert speaker invitations
• CSR events e.g. tree planting
• Community outreaches

7. Warming up: your net worth
Your network is your net worth (start from home –
lecturers, fellow classmates)

8. Warming up: volunteer
Volunteering and community work to:
• Learn and build new skills
• Explore different cultures to appreciate their
challenges

9. Warming up: finding oneself
• Finding yourself isa process and not anevent
• Finding opportunities (a challenge) e.g.
o http://onehealthhorn.net/
o https://ilri.simplicant.com/
o https://www.onehealthcommission.org/en/resources_
_services/oh_opportunities_bulletin_board/
o https://www.onehealthconsult.com/
o https://www.kenyavetassociation.com/info-
hub/opportunities/

10. Warming up: fall forward
• Don't give up when you fall - fall forward
• Scholarship journey
• Lessons from my MScapplication:
o Cover letter
o References matter
o Tell your story

11. Warming up: stay in the job
It is not enough to get the job (the challengeis to stay in
the joband continuallygrow yourself)

12. Foodsystemsa21st centuryOneHealthchallenge-areflectionfrompast
work
One HealthDay 2020, AFROHUN

13. Complex & interconnected food chains – UrbanZoo
project
• Focus=understandmechanismsleadingto
introductionofpathogensintourbanenvironand
subsequentspread
• Showcasedthecomplexand interconnectedness
offoodvaluechains(dairy,poultry,beef, camels)
• Commodityvaluechainscanserveasportalsof
pathogensintroductiontourban populationsand
sub-sequentspread
• Buildingsustainablecitiesshouldbeat the
centreofurbanplanning
http://www.zoonotic-diseases.org/project/urban-zoo-project/

14. Integrated (animal, human) surveillance systems–
ZooLinK project• Goal was to pilot an integrated system for 15
animaland human zoonoses
• Surveillance systems are criticalto inform policy and
decision making
• Technology is an important tool to sensitize and
educate the public andfarmers -case of iCow
• Highlighted important animal welfare issues along
the animalfood chain (some that could potential
lead to spillover of diseases across species)
• Culture can inform our solutions
http://www.zoonotic-diseases.org/project/zoolink-project/

15. Foodsystemsandanimalwelfare–ourworkatWorldAnimal
Protection
One HealthDay 2020, AFROHUN

16. Who is World Animal
Protection
• Weareaglobalorganization
• Wehavemovedtheworldtoprotectanimalsfor
morethan50years
• WorktomakeHigherWelfarefarmingnormal
• Webaseourworkontheinternationallyrecognized
5animalwelfarefreedoms 1 Australia
2 Brazil
3 Canada
4 Costa Rica
5 China
6 Denmark
7 India
8 Kenya
9 Netherlands
10 New Zealand
11 Sweden
12 Thailand
13 UK
14 USA
Our offices

17. What we do: our farming
campaign areas
Engaging largest world´s retailers1.
Engaging largest pork and poultry producers2.
Corporate and consumer engagement3.
Engaging stakeholders along the value chain4.

18. Billions of factory farmed animals
globally
The problem:
Industrial farming (focus on chicken
& pigs)
Fast growth, barren and cramped
environments
Severe physical and mental impacts
Use of cages
Painful procedures
Food safety and superbug crisis

19. Good
Acceptable
Unacceptable
Global Pig and Broiler
WelfareFrameworks
Pig and poultry welfare practice in
indoor systems
Producers& Retailers
Howwebringchangeforanimals:ourworkisbasedonscience
◦ Technicalresources
◦ Research
◦ Globalbusinesscases

20. •Close confinement of pigs and poultry in cages
•Barren environments with no enrichment
•Routine mutilations
•Use of antibiotics for growth promotion and cover up cruelty
Unacceptable practises

21. Allpigs and chicken are able to live in stable, social groups in comfortable environments with
opportunities to express naturalbehaviours
High welfare practises

22. We have worked with some of the world’s largest pig producers like BRF, JBS, Betagro, CP
Foods as wellas leadingChineseproducers likeQinglian,Dexingand Da Bei Nong
Whatare they doing:
◦ Keeping sows in social groups
◦ Using comfortable floors
◦ Offering enrichment
◦ Decreasing mutilations
Our work with producers

23. Global trend: Enriched group sow
housing
Sow group housing canbe established for similar or less cost thansow stallsystems

24. • Enrichment = safe, chewable,
rootable, destructive and ideally edible
• Enrichment for pigs can reduce losses
due to tail and vulva biting, fighting
and carcass condemnation, and gastric
ulcers while improving growth and
meat quality
Global trend:
enrichment benefits

25. • Teeth clipping does not solve the real problem
• Teeth reduction is not needed if sow comfort is ensured
• Staff have more time to focus on the most important areas of
husbandry, (such as sow body condition, water availability,
improving lactating sow´s feeding and piglet care during the
first three days of life)
Lessons learnt:
avoiding teeth reduction

26. Tailbiting is aconsequence of inadequate
management
Main causes:
• Barren environments
• Early weaning
• Over-crowded conditions
Global trend:
avoiding tail docking
Avoidingtail dockinghasbeencorrelatedwith significant reductionofantibiotics

27. More active
Healthier footpads
Global trend:
Slow growth, lower
stocking densities and
enrichment in poultry
Less hock burns
Lower mortality
Reduced usage of
antibioticsReduced meat quality losses

28. Lessons learnt: cost
efficiencies of higher welfare
(poultry)
Cost of rejection (Kshs 80, 934)
Downgrade losses (Kshs 48, 415)
Mortality losses (Kshs 24,002)
Total Welfare losses (Kshs 153,351)
Implementation of welfare practices would
contribute to reduction of this level of loss
to society.

29. More than
of chicken consumers surveyed globally said they would
pay more for better-quality, higher-welfare products
(across 14 countries between 2016-2018)
Global trend: consumer
awareness

30. Consumers were ambivalent when it
came to issues such as: animal
welfare standards, how animals are
raised, chemical free foods and
non-GMO foods, why?:
• there is no quality assurance mark
on the food
• there is no opportunity to access
this information in the restaurant
Consumer perspectives:
East Africa
Provision of quality assurance marks and access
to this information in fast food restaurants,
supermarkets and producers to be paid a premium
for antibiotic-free products
Healthy meals that are
chemical free
Pay more for humanely
reared animals and
animal products
Buy more meat and
products if it is safer
Buy more locally
produced meat/products
if animals were raised
in an environmentally
sustainable way
Pay more if they are
assured that the meat
is free of antibiotics.
Consumers want:

31. PLC Inc.
67%
60% 60%
33%
23%
20%
23%
13%
0%
60% 60% 60%
30%
20%
10%
7% 7%
0%
20%
0% 0%
10%
20%
0% 0%
7%
0%
KFC Starbucks Subway McDonald's Nando's Burger King PizzaHut Domino's PLC Domino's Inc.
Corporate commitments
Objectives and targets
Performancereporting
Globaltrend:industrycommitments(peckingorderreport
2020)
https://www.worldanimalprotection.org/pecking-order-2020

32. “Today you cannot produce without animal welfare”
Fabricia da Silva Delgado Vice President of
Quality from BRF
Industrycommitments:Producervoices(BRF)

33. “We’re doing this because…it’s the right thing to do…Our business
depends on the health, sustainability and reputation of chicken farming
and, our customers care”
Paula MacKenzie, General manager, KF
UK & Ireland
Industrycommitments:Producervoices(KFC)

34. “[Rabobank] strongly encourage[s] all of our clients to have transitione
to cage-free housing systems for laying hens and group housing for sow
by 2025.”
Rabobank 2018 ‘Sustainability
Policy’
Industrycommitments:Investorvoices(Rabobank)

35. Presentations are communication tools that
can be used as demonstrations, lectures,
speeches, reports, and more. Most of the
time, they’re presented before an
audience.
Howweare
supporting
companies
Clearguidanceonthecompanyassessmentandhowtoimprove
Providetimetomakethenecessaryimprovements
Repeatassessment,usinginformationtohighlightprogress
https://www.bbfaw.com/

36. ◦ Industry worldwide is changing and realizing the
importance of animal welfare and the benefits it brings to
theproductionsystems
◦ Consumers are more conscious and they are expecting
higheranimalwelfareproducts
◦ Momentum for public commitments to good animal
welfarestandardsisincreasinglyglobal
◦ Implementing animal welfare is not only good for
animals, it is proven that is also good for people,
businessandenvironment
Conclusions:
Thechangeispossible,andworthforpeople,animals,theenvironment
andbusiness

37. • Poor welfare of birds impact negatively on performance
andproductquality
• Low welfare systems, use more antibiotics as props (risk
ofantibioticresistance)
• Animal welfare is inextricably linked with animal health,
andhumanhealthandwelfare
Conclusions:
Publichealth and animalwelfare
Example: stress and poorwelfare in farm animals increases the transmission and virulence of a number of zoonotic diseases.
Protecting the welfare of farm animals can therefore be an important factorin decreasing the spread of disease and antibiotic
usage.

38. ◦ Develop an overarching animal welfare policy aligned
with the 5 Domains Model and phase in procurement
requirements in line with the FARMS animal welfare
requirementsasaminimum
◦ Require suppliers to commit to using antibiotics
responsiblyinfarming
◦ Increase the proportion of plant-based protein options
available to customers to support an average global
reduction in meat production and consumption of 50% by
2040.
◦ Publish annual reports on their progress towards
implementing higher welfare commitments in conjunction
with antibioticuse data on supplier farms; and progress on
humaneandsustainableproteindiversification.
Recommendationsandcalltoaction:
Forretailers

39. ◦ Develop an overarching animal welfare policy aligned with
the 5 Domains Model and phase in procurement
requirements in line with the FARMS animal welfare
requirementsasaminimum
◦ Committousingantibioticsresponsiblyinfarming
◦ Increase the proportion of plant-based protein options
available to customers to support an average global reduction
inmeatproductionandconsumptionof50%by2040.
◦ Publish annual reports on their progress towards
implementing higher welfare commitments in conjunction
with antibiotic use data on supplier farms; and progress on
humaneandsustainableproteindiversification.
Recommendationsandcalltoaction:Globalanimal
proteinproduction

40. ◦ Introduce and enforce regulations in line with FARMS
animalwelfarerequirementsasaminimum
◦ Introduce and enforce regulations ending the routine
useof antibiotics including to promote fast growth and to
preventdiseaseacrossgroups
◦ Commit to national surveillance and public reporting of
antibiotic use at farm level in conjunction with reporting
onwelfarepracticesonfarms
◦ Redirect subsidies and financial incentives to higher
welfare systems that align with the 5 Domains Model
and in support of an average global reduction in meat
productionandconsumptionof50%by2040
Recommendationsandcalltoaction:Governments
andintergovernmentalorganisations
Source: https://www.farms-initiative.com/

41. ◦ Require companies to meet FARMS animal welfare requirements as a
minimum. Phase in requirements for companies towards systems that
alignwiththe5DomainsModel
◦ Requirecompaniestocommittousingantibioticsresponsiblyinfarming
◦ Increase the proportion of plant-based protein in the investment portfolio
to support an average global reduction in meat production and
consumptionof50%by2040
◦ Influence policy such as supporting regulations on stricter animal welfare
requirements, antibiotic use, mandatory disclosures, and due diligence
processes
◦ Participate in efforts to accurately measure and assess climate risks
throughoutagriculturalsupplychains,tomeettheParisAgreement
Recommendationsandcalltoaction:financial
investorsinfoodsystems

42. Thank you
DrKelvinMomanyi
CampaignOfficer,AnimalsinFarming
WorldAnimalProtection(Africa)
KelvinMomanyi@worldanimalprotection.org|0727739772
Alsovisitourwebsite:www.worldanimalprotection.or.ke
“We can safeguard our future, by you and I making a commitment
to deliberately and continually ask how the food we take was