it is an copy of front pages for diplamo documentation

1. DENSITY BASED TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM WITH
MANUAL OVERRIDE
A Project Work
Submitted in partial fulfillment of Requirements for the Award of the
DIPLAMO
IN
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
By
K.Mokshagna P.David raju
Under the Esteemed guidance of
K.Poojitha
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL &ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
DHANEKULA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
GANGURU, VIJAYAWADA - 521 139
Affiliated to JNTU, Kakinada
Approved By AICTE, New Delhi
MARCH - 2017

2. DHANEKULA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
(Affiliated to JNTU, Kakinada)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL &ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project work entitled “DENSITY BASED
TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM WITH MANUAL OVERRIDE” is a
bonafide record of project work done jointly by K.Mokshagna (14352-EE-026),
M.Gopichand(14352-EE-010), P.Davidraju(14352-EE-006), K.Harisha (14352-
EE-013), CH.Issac(14352-EE-016), Johnweasley(14352-EE-018), Y.Lavanya
(14352-EE-024) & Vamsi(13352-EE-052), under my guidance and supervision
and is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the
Degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electricals & Electronic Engineering by
Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada during the academic
year 2016-2017.
Project guide EEE Project coordinator Professor & Head of EEE
Department
K.Poojitha , G.Hema

3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The satisfaction that accompanies the successful completion of any task would be
incomplete without the mention of people whose ceaseless cooperation made it possible,
whose constant guidance and and encouragement crown all efforts with success.
We are grateful to Mr. Subbaraj, Ms. Poojitha and all the faculty members of EEE
Department for their guidance, inspiration and constructive suggestions that helped us in
preparation of the report We are thankful to our Lab instructors Mr. Santosh, Mr.
Venkateswarrao of EEE Department for their consistence help to complete this task on time.
We also thank our colleagues who have helped in successful completion of project
report.
Project Associates
K.Mokshagna 14352-EE-026
P.David Raju 14352-EE-006
K.Harisha 14352-EE-013
Y.Lavanya 14352-EE-023
.John weasley 14352-EE-018
M.Gopichand 14352-EE-010
CH.Issac 14352-EE-016
.Vamsi 13352-EE-052

4. ABSTRACT
The aim of this project is to solve traffic congestion, by designing a framework for a
dynamic and automatic traffic light control system.
It is possible to propose dynamic time-based coordination schemes where the green
signal of traffic lights is assigned based on density of traffic. This is achieved by using 3 pair
of IR sensors (Transmitter and Receiver) across the road to monitor a particular length / zone.
This project is first implemented on software using keil software for c programming
and proteus for schematic design and thus the practical system is developed.
Key words:- IR sensors, Keil software for c programming, Proteus software.

5. INDEX
CHAPTER-1 PG.NO
1.1 SUFFERINGS 01
1.2 TROUBLE VS SATISFACTION 02
1.3 PUBLIC’S OPINION 02
CHAPTER-2
2.1 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT 03
2.2 OVERVIEW 03
2.3 PURPOSE 03
2.4 SCOPE 03
2.5 PROBLEM FORMULATION 04
2.6 DESCRIPTIONOF PROJECT 04
2.6.1 Existing System 04
2.6.2 Proposed System 04
2.7 PROCESS DESCRIPTION 05-06
2.8 PARAMETERS CONSIDERED 07
2.9 BLOCK DIAGRAM 08
CHAPTER-3
3.1EMBEDDED SYSTEMS 09
3.2CHARACTERISTICS 10
3.3 MICROCONTROLLER 11-12
3.4 COMMUNICATION - 12-13
3.5IRREMOTE THEORY 13

6. CHAPTER-4
4.1 89C51 MICROCONTROLLER 14
4.1.1 Features 14
4.1.2 Description 14
4.1.3 Architecture 15
4.1.4 Pin configurations 16
4.1.5 Pin description 17-19
4.1.6 Oscillator characterstics 19-20
4.1.7 Power memory lock bits 20
CHAPTER-5
5.1 INFRARED LED 21
5.1.1 Darlington pair 22
5.2 MODULATION 22-23
5.3 TRANSMITTER 23-25
5.4 PHOTODIODES 25-26
CHAPTER-6
6.1 INTRODUCTION 27
6.2 TRANSFORMER 28-29
6.3 RECTIFIER 29
6.3.1 Types of rectifiers 29-31
6.3.2 Operation 31-32
6.4 FILTER 32
6.4.1 Capacitor 33

7. 6.5 REGULATOR 34
6.5.1 Features 34
CHAPTER-7
7.1 HARDWARE DESIGN 35
7.1.1 Schematic diagram 36
7.1.2 Schematic description 37
7.2 SOFTWARECOMPONENTS 38
7.2.1 About software 39