Rural development in Bangladesh and how it work

1. Presentation on
Rural development in Bangladesh

2. Meaning, Definition and
indicators of Rural Development

3. Meaning and Definition of
Development
The 1975 Dag Hammarskjold report states that:
‘Development is a total comprehensive process,
informed by a value loaded vision and shaped
around five pillars; Satisfaction of human needs
both material and political Self reliance,
Endogenous growth, Harmony with the
environment, Structural transformation in the
economy, society and polity.

4. Definition of Development
In 1994, the Secretary General of United Nations
Mr. Boutros Ghail defined development, ‘as a
decisive factor in shaping our world and it will
define relations among people, shaped the
behavior of nations and determine the ecological
nature of the planet. Yet today development is in
crisis. First there is crisis of complexity; second, we
have realized that development has no single
definition. No single strategy has been immune
from failure. There is no certain path to success.’

5. Meaning of Rural Development
There is no universally accepted definition of rural
development. Various scholars have defined it variously. As a
concept, it connotes overall development of rural areas with
a view to improve the quality of life rural people. As a
phenomenon, it is the result of various physical,
technological, economic, socio-cultural and institutional
factors. As a discipline, it is multi-disciplinary in nature
representing an intersection of agricultural, social,
behavioral and management of sciences.
Some scholars understand rural development as the
development of agricultural sector. But this concept of rural
development is not comprehensive enough to define rural
development completely. On the other hand, rural
development is understood as being a multi-dimensional or
multi-faceted concept.

6. Definition of Rural Development
• Uma Lele defines, ‘Rural development as improving
standard of the mass of the low income population
residing in rural areas and making the process of their
development, self sustaining.’
• Katar Singh defines, ‘Rural development as the overall
development of rural areas, which aims at improving
quality of life of rural people. More specifically, by rural
development, he means the development of agriculture
and allied activities, village and cottage industries and
crafts, socioeconomic infrastructure, human resources in
rural areas.’ Robert Chamber defines, ‘ Rural
development as a strategy to enable a specific group of
people (small scale farmers, the tenants, the landless, the
poor men and women) to gain what they want and need
for themselves and their children.’

7. • Uma Lele defines, ‘Rural development as
improving standard of the mass of the low income
population residing in rural areas and making the
process of their development, self sustaining.’
This definition has the following implications:
• Mobilization and allocation of resources in a
desirable and balanced way
• Allocation of resources to low income region and
classes
• Development of appropriate skill

8. According to World Bank
“Rural development is a growth strategy for a
particular target population-the rural poor. It
involves extending of benefits of development to
these whose future lies in the pursuit of livelihood
in rural areas. These include small farmers,
landless and women”.

9. Indicators of Rural Development
i. Changes in agricultural productivity.
ii. Changes in rural employment, unemployment and
underemployment
iii. Changes in income of different income groups
iv. Changes in the distribution of power, influence and
participation in decision Changes in the degree of
mobility, in the allocation of position and removal
of barriers to access public facilities.
v. Changes in literacy, schooling, literacy rate and life
expectancy
vi. Changes in values, believes and attitudes of
members of state agencies as well as the rural
population making.

10. History of Rural Development in
Bangladesh
S.M. kamruzzaman
Roll-102

11. History of Rural Development in
Bangladesh:
Mughal period:
hardly showed any systematic institutional approach
to rural development, except for the construction of
limited rural infrastructure and emergency relief
operation.

12. Continue...
 British period:
Creation of zamindars through the Permanent
Settlement Act of 1793.
Some philanthropists pioneered, such as:
• institution of Sriniketan in 1921
• the Palli Mangal Samity ,
• health cooperatives,
• adult education centres.
• Palli Mangal handicraft training centres.

13. Continue...
 Pakistan period:
The Village Agricultural and Industrial Development (V-AID)
programme in 1953 by United States.
• V-AID encompassed:
health,
sanitation,
agriculture,
cooperatives,
land reclamation,
primary education,
physical infrastructure,
social and recreational activities.
• Withdrawn in 1961.

14. Continue...
• the Pakistan Academy of Rural Development
(PARD):
(a) Rural Works Programme by using local manpower.
(b) Thana Training agricultural technology,
cooperation, citizen's right and obligation.
(c) Thana Irrigation Programme.
(d) Two-tier Cooperatives to promote cooperation
among villagers.

15. Continue...
 After birth of Bangladesh(1971):
• In 1972, the Integrated Rural Development Programme
(IRDP).
• transformed into Bangladesh Rural Development Board
(BRDB).
• BRDB, largest government organisation involved in rural
development.
• rural poverty alleviation and production oriented schemes:
a. the two-tier cooperatives
b. the rural women project,
c. rural poor project, and
d. agricultural development project

16. Continue...
• The Comprehensive Village Development Programme
by BARD in 1975.
• the Small Farmers Development Programme in 1993.
• Other major governmental rural development
projects include:
 the Vulnerable Group Development,
 Thana Resource Development and Employment Project,
 Rural Social Service Programme,
 Community Development Programme,
 Self-reliance Programme for Rural Women, and
 technologies for rural employment

17. Continue...
 employment oriented growth,
 greater citizen participation in development
activities,
 greater cooperation between public and private
sectors,
 specialised programmes for the disadvantaged
groups such as rural poor women, ethnic minorities,
children, and the elderly people.

18. The non-governmental Organisations
(NGO)
• NGO cover an wide range of rural
development activities including:
development of income and employment,
health and sanitation,
agriculture and rural craft,
vocational education,
relief and rehabilitation,
family planning,
mother and childcare.

19. Continue...
• Many national NGOs were born out of the relief and
rehabilitation activities during the early 1970s.
• Among them 89 is international, The World Bank,
UNDP, UNICEF, FAO, WHO etc.
• Provide loans through small scale credit called 'micro
credit model‘
• Prominent NGOs are:
 The Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC),
 Grameen Bank,
 Proshika Manobik Unnayan Kendra,
 ASA
 Rangpur-Dinajpur Rural Service.

20. National steps for Rural
development of women in
Bangladesh ( Government and
NGO’S)
G.M. Arifuzzaman
Class Roll no-101

21. Government’s steps
• Women and Children Affairs : The government is trying hard to integrate the women folk
of the country into the mainstream of the development process which is one of the main
strategies for overall 50cm-economic development. Poverty, malnutrition, hunger, illiteracy,
etc. are largely concentrated around women folk, and as such women can act as uniquely
suitable agents for elimination of these socio-economic maladies. Attainment of reasonable
growth rate, alleviation of poverty through generation of production employment
opportunities and increased self-reliance are inextricably linked with increased participation
of women in development efforts. The National Women's Development Policy announced by
the present government aims at improving the lot of the neglected womenfolk of the country,
ensure equality of men and women in all spheres of national life including state, society,
family, politics, administrative and economic arena, ensure security and empowerment of
women, groom up women as educated and efficient human resource, eliminate
discriminations and repression on women and girl-child, establish human rights of women,
alleviate their poverty and above all ensure their participation in the development process as
well as rural development process.
• Youth Development :The major programs of the government for youth development
include:- rural youth development, skill development training, sell-employment program and
community development program. The youth development program is now being expanded
through increased training and credit facilities. This programme has included young women
and men for raising consciousness about women’s issues in rural development

22. Continuing…………
• Policies and Programs Encouraging and Supporting Women Entrepreneurship :
In all Development Plans, from the First to the Fifth Five Year Plan, development of
women in all spheres of our national life and rural life has been given priority.
The First Plan (1973-78), as for example, emphasized a welfare-oriented approach and
focused on rehabilitation of war-affected women and children. The Two Year Plan
(1978-80) was characterized by a shift from welfare to rural development efforts.
The Second Plan (1980-85) emphasized creating a congenial atmosphere for women’s
increased participation in rural development through expanding opportunities for skill
development, credit and entrepreneurship rural development program. The Third Five
Year Plan (1985-1990) had specific objectives to reduce disparity between
development of men and women. The Fourth Five Year Plan (1990-95) placed women
within the context of macro framework with multispectral thrust and focused more on
the rural development of poor and disadvantaged women. In the Fifth Five Year Plan
(1997-2002) as many as 24 goals and objectives are set for development of women
and children in the country. These goals and objectives, if implemented properly will
definitely contribute with the participation of women in every sphere of our national
life greatly emphasis on rural development.

23. Continuing….
• Education for All: National Plan of Action II (2003 – 2015): Educational
Planning for Human and Human Resources Development-- The
productivity approach and GNP, as measures of development, are
considered to have led more to poverty, inequality, injustice, corruption,
and adverse law and order situation instead of improving women’s
condition overall in rural areas.
• Credit Policy and industrial development: Credit plays a central role in
industrial development. So access to credit facilities in the modern
economic world is a determining factor of the level of economic activity
and growth. The experience of the developed world shows that not only
economic endeavour but also social endeavour like education is ensured by
adequate supply of credits. But there are various formalities and
complicated procedures, which in most cases make credit a relatively
inaccessible commodity to meet the growing need of the entrepreneurs and
rural development process of developing countries like Bangladesh.

24. Continuing….
• “The “National Policy for Women’s Advancement” which was prepared in the
background of overall framework of CEDAW, was adopted by the Government in 1997.
The primary concern of NPWA is the protection of women’s human rights ,ensuring
them an access to politics, administration and socio-economic activities, education and
skill training, reflection of positive image of women in the media, reducing the burden of
poverty on them, elimination of trafficking and violence against women, and
rehabilitation of women during natural calamities, etc. Recognizing women’s
contribution in all spheres and gender discrimination against women in terms of
programmes, resources, and facilities, NAP sets the following goals :
1. To make women’s development an integral part of the national development Programme
specially in rural development
2. To establish women as equal partners in development with equal roles in policy and
decision making in the family, community, and the nation at large;
3. To remove legal, economic and political or cultural barriers that prevent the exercise of
women’s equal rights by undertaking policy reforms, and strong affirmative actions; and
4. To raise/create public awareness about women’s differentials needs, interests, and
priorities and to increase commitment to bringing about improvements in women’s
position and condition.

25. Continuing……..
• The National Health Policy as adopted by the Ministry of Health in 2004 envisaged
creation of awareness among people about health, particularly through the media so
that every citizen of the country irrespective of caste, creed, religion, income, gender,
age and geographical location, can avail health, nutrition and reproductive health
services as a constitutional right of them. The health policy clearly mentioned various
health objectives including reproductive health and gender issues that’s greatly help to
improve women’s in rural areas.
• The Education Policy adopted by the Ministry of Education in 2000 aims to
eliminate gender biases from education irrespective of race, caste and creed. The
policy states that the women are a part of the deprived segment of the population and
envisages to making the women free from domestic discrimination, repression and
social superstition.
• The National Agriculture Policy of 1999 consists of three policies, namely (1)
National Agricultural Policy (NAP), (2) National Seed Policy, and (3) National
Integrated Pest Management Policy (NIPMP). The agricultural policy maintained that
in the socio-economic context of Bangladesh women’s involvement in agriculture is
very important. Agriculture related activities like post-harvest operations, seed
preservation, nursery business, jute stripping, vegetable cultivation, homestead
gardening, floriculture, production of horticulture seeds, establishment and
management of cottage industries based on locally produced agricultural commodities,
etc. are suitable for women.

26. Continuing….
• The National Food Policy 2006; the corporate plan of the Ministry of
Food and Disaster Management of 2005-09 developed a Food Policy in
the light of Poverty Reduction Strategy (PRS) and in the context of broader
definition of food. The National Food Policy aims to ensure adequate and
stable supply of safe and nutritious food, enhance purchasing power of the
people for increased accessibility to food and ensure adequate nutrition for
all (especially women and children). The policy strategically depends on
agricultural extension services, inputs, credit, production of non-cereal
crops, non-crop agriculture etc. for efficient and sustainable increase in
food production.
• The National Youth Policy of 2011 includes provisions for education,
training and health services for both female and male youths and
emphasizes creation of an environment that makes them free from
HIV/AIDS. The Policy has integrated family planning activities, and
decision-making rights of women regarding reproductive health and
creation of an environment to make them free from HIV/AIDS.

27. Continuing….
• The National Rural Development Policy (NRDP) 2000 has integrated women’s
empowerment, women’s rights relating to dowry, marriage and divorce, inheritance
women’s entrepreneurship development, violence against women, etc. The NRDP
has only discussed reproductive rights, but made little mention about reproductive
health issues such as fertility control, maternal and child health, prevention of
unwanted pregnancies, adolescent health, etc. NRDP, however, has included the
population control, birth registration and rural migration, although it failed to
incorporate any provisions for reduction of infant and child mortality, maternal
mortality, etc. The NRDP is, therefore, more a gender-responsive document than a
reproductive health/population responsive one.
• The Climate Change Action Plan is a 10-year programme (2009-2018) to build
the capacity and resilience of the country to meet challenges of climate change. The
needs of the poor and vulnerable, including women and children, will be
mainstreamed in all activities under the Action Plan. Population, migration,
resettlement of women and children are concerns in climate change action plan.
This policy has contributed to improve the condition of women in rural areas.

28. NGO’S steps
• Informal and Non-formal Education : The NGOs are highly active in the sector of
informal and non-formal education. The best way to develop human resource is through
appropriate education. Illiterates created due to lack of education is one major obstacle for
socio economic development hence also for poverty eradication. The Bangladesh
Government and UNICEF are trying at their utmost level to eradicate illiteracy. The low rate
of admission in the primary schools, failure to attract the children to schools, unlikable
education method and syllabus for etc. reason the rate of primary education in the rural area
are not at all hopeful. The largest NGO in our country and also world wide, BRAC have
started satellite school system based on informal education policy. As a result the poor
children at the rural area are now being given special importance. More emphasis is given
on the participation of parents as well as community in this regard. This program has turned
into a vital accompaniment for the primary education system by the government. In 1998,
World Vision spent taka 13,06,87,996.58 which amounted to 40.10% of their total
expenditure. So far the NGOs have been successful in providing education to 23 lakh people
in the last five years through establishment of 30 thousands primary schools and 44
thousands adult-education centers. At present almost 9 lakh men and women are studying
in these schools.

29. Continuing….
• Innovating Appropriate Technology for Small and Seasonal Farmers: In Bangladesh during
the 70’s the government agencies initiated irrigation in agriculture. But it was not that
successful in small farmland. In small size farming land, deep and shallow tube-well was not
that suitable when growing vegetables and spices. On demand from the small and seasonal
farmers the NGOs have developed bamboo/cane tube-well, oar pump, star pump, dheki pump
etc. type of irrigation technology. As this can be produced with little cost, the small and
marginal farmers can now easily afford these. Right now in Bangladesh 400 irrigation projects
are running with loans from NGOs. This approach specially focus on women’s issues in rural
development.
• Employment Generation: In order to encourage the rural poor( specially women) to participate
in different economic activities and to increase their income through employment generation,
several policies, methods and strategies of the NGOs have attracted the attention of some
foreign development experts. NGOs usually create employment in two ways. Currently the
projects that are being conducted under the supervision and assistance of NGOs are:
1.Irrigation project for landless 2.Fishery in ponds (khash), Fishing in the coastal area.
3.Weaving 4.Equipment supplies for landless share cropper. 5.Bee keeping Small business
6.Rice and popcorn production, 7.Sericulture 8.Handicrafts earthen wares, wood and cane
works, 9.Developing nursery etc.

30. Continuing……
Micro credit scheme by major NGO’s in Bangladesh in Rural Development of women:
Source: Bangladesh Economic Survey-1999.
Name of NGO Active member no. (in
thousands)
Cumulative credit
distribution (in crore taka)
1. BRAC 2,253 2560.10
2. Proshika 1,132 677.40
3. ASHA 873 925.10
4. Swanirvar Bangladesh 667 157.20
Total (Inclusive of other
NGOs)
7,165 5,354.40

31. Continuing…..
• Health, Nutrition and Hygiene : In Bangladesh, Health and nutrition status of the rural
populance is very poor. Majority is deprived from even minimal health and nutrition
facilities. For this reason, a significant part of the active NGOs of Bangladesh are providing
training and education service in the field of health and nutrition. An independent
organization named Voluntary Health Services Society (VHSS) is supervising the NGOs that
are working on the health and nutrition sector. In some specific area of primary health care
sector like diarrhoea control, vaccination against six hazardous diseases, campaigning for
health consciousness, expansion of water and sanitation services, reproductive health care
and family planning services etc. the NGOs have achieved extensive success. World Vision
has spent in heath sector taka 6,58,41,474.45 which consists of 20.20% of their budget . In
order to develop the health and nutrition situation, around 350 NGOs have brought in
sanitary toilets for 14 lakh people and safe water for 1.5 crore people through establishment
of 1.5 lakh tube-well, 186 rural sanitation center and 2.5 lakh latrine. Till 1990, 85% children
were vaccinated and 90% families’ women were given training on how to make oral saline
under the EPI project .

32. • UTTARAN: UTTARAN, meaning 'upliftment' in Bangla, started working in the field of
social campaign and advocacy in 1985. It was registered as a development organization in
1987. Since the inception, UTTARAN has implemented various and diversified programs to
address the problems of inequality and injustice. Micro-credit programs of UTTARAN
constitute a part of its rural development program. Small groups of members are called
primary organizations. The members, subject to certain conditions like completion of adult
course, participation in weekly meeting, bi-monthly savings (Taka 2-5) in banks through
passbooks, are entitled to credit. Loans are collateral-free and subject to intensive monitoring
and supervision in 1998-99, the federations played vital roles in two specific movements.
While the "Khasland" movement in Debhata aimed at ensuring the right of the landless
people on the government land, the second movement compelled the implementing authority
of a 8 government development project viz. Khulna-Jessore Drainage and Rehabilitation
Project, to redesign the project to make the project more environment-friendly. At present,
there are 911 groups of 13,601 women and 6,745 men in 391 villages. These 911 groups have
so far deposited a saving fund of Taka 8.5 million and the members have so far received Taka
15 million as micro-credit. The overall realization rate was 98 percent in 1998.
Continuing……

33. Continuing……..
• Micro Industry Development Assistance and Services (MIDAS) :MIDAS Financing Ltd.,
the sister concern of MIDAS, a non-bank financial institution licensed by Bangladesh Bank
from October 1999 under the Financial Institutions Act. 1993 has taken over the enterprise
financing of MIDAS. It is also implementing the Women Entrepreneurship Development
(WED) program of MIDAS, which aims at mainstreaming women entrepreneurs and focus on
rural development of women in Bangladesh. The activities of the WED Cell includes but is
not limited to, the followings:
1. Attending walk-in-clients
2. Networking
3. Holding monthly meetings with women entrepreneurs and sharing thoughts, ideas and
problems on business issues.
4. Potential entrepreneurs are encouraged to attend the monthly meetings where they can seek
advice and expertise from established business women.
5. Organizing workshops and inviting guest speakers to share their views
6. Organizing training programs

35. Main challenges of rural women’s
development
Prosenjit Kumar Dey
Roll-103

36. Main challenges of rural women’s
development
Women’s development of rural area is a significant
issue on the context of rural development. Rural
women face much challenges through the
development process which as follows:
• Family restriction:
Most of the people of rural area in Bangladesh are
Muslim who does not want to send their girls to school
due to their religious norms. A nation cannot develop
them without receiving education. Moreover most of
the families do not permit their girls to go out of the
home. The rural girls must have veiling system that is a
large hindrance to their development process.

37. Continue….
• Religious legislation:
In the rural area of Bangladesh, girls are victim of religious
legislation. Their guardians consider that they do not need
higher education because of religious fundamentalism. In
every religion women are considered as inferior to men.
Religion describes women as a profane object and compels
them to be confined within four walls especially in Islam
according to Sharia law.
• Early marriage:
Early marriage is one of the main obstacles of rural women’s
development. Guardians of rural area think that girls are
their burden. So they always try to marry them. As a result
they give birth child early that causes great threat to their
health. For early marriage girls are deprived of higher
education.

38. Continue….
• Illiterate guardians:
In the rural arena of Bangladesh most of the guardians are
illiterate an ignorant and for this reason they are not willing
to send their female child to educational institutions. They
also have no knowledge about the importance of education
and the development of women’s empowerment. So, most of
the women remain undeveloped in rural area.
• Lack of social awareness:
Though some NGOs are arranging awareness programs
among the rural women but they are not enough to create
consciousness completely. Still women are illiterate in rural
area. They are not aware about their feminine identity that is
the prime reason of their subordination. Rural women
receive their miserable destiny want of social awareness.

39. Continue….
• Economic deprivation:
Most of the rural women are not independent
economically that causes the self-abhorrence among
them. They also do not get the chance of decision
making in any family issue. They live like a doll in
patriarchal system of rural area.
• Lack of proper health care system:
In rural area the health care systems are not enough
enriched to serve the rural women during their
pregnancy and other critical situations. So, for the lack
of well health service they remain mistreated in health
service sector that is a great hindrance to their way of
development.

40. Impact on women in rural
development in Bangladesh
MD. MOFEJUL ISLAM
Roll- 32

41. Impact on women in rural
development in Bangladesh
• Pathways to Women’s Empowerment:
Rural development is a pathway to women’s
empowerment. Because its many concept is improve of
rural life. Without women’s empowerment that can
not be possible. Many of the organization work for
women’s empowerment.
• Control over assets:
Women can control over own resource and assets for
rural development. In many governmental
organization and NGO’s raising conciseness about
women own assets and control of them.

42. Continue….
• Women’s contributions to family welfare from the male
point of view
From the male point of view rural development make able to
women to contribute on family welfare and also counterpart
part of male. women have improve their economic condition for
the rural development for that reasoned women also contribute
family in every steps because economic freedom also give
women decision making power, participation power etc.
• Control and use of their savings
Traditionally, women are not to control and use their saving for
the societal structure and patriarchal structure. Rural
development have a great impact on women to control and use
of their savings.

43. Continue….
• Improvement of standard of living
It also impact on women standard of living. To improvement
of rural area have also improve women’s living condition.
Many organization also work for improve women’s
slandered of living.
• Improvement of health care
Rural development of Bangladesh have also great impact on
health care of women. Today women’s health care facilities
are improve then past decade and many organization take
many steps for rural health care development. Use of
sanitary latrines is increasing; however, promoting hygiene
practices, especially proper hand washing, remains a
challenge. Solid-waste management is emerging as an
important environmental problem, particularly in urban
areas.

44. Continue….
• Reduced economic dependence on husbands
It has often been postulated that if women had
opportunities for gainful work outside the household, this
would render their contributions to the household more
visible, and concurrently reduce their economic
dependence on their husbands (Kamal, et al., 1992).
women also reduce economic dependency on husband for
the improvement of rural development in Bangladesh.
Women’s monetary contributions to their households are
especially important during lean months5 or other crisis
periods like illness, loss of crops, and so on, in ensuring
that family members do not have to go hungry and that
the all important installment payments are made on time.

45. Continue….
• Mobility
When a woman becomes involved with rural development,
she is required to travel to, among other places. Women
break the rule of purdah, both the group member and her
husband have to face severe criticisms from village elders,
religious clerics, and the rural elite. Countless women and
their husbands have taken a stand against such actions and
persevered against the odds. They have been exposed to new
ideas, knowledge and experiences through their interactions
with the world outside their homesteads. At the same time,
through their newly acquired self-confidence and increased
mobility, they are now able to ignore the negative comments
that come their way.

46. Continue….
• Education
Rural development also have a great impact on girl’s
education. It improve women position in society. Now rate of
girl’s education are higher then past time.
In Bangladesh, 58 percent of male attended school where
only 41 percent of female attended school. However, the
recent commitment of the government and non-government
agencies to decrease the gap between genders is working
very well. Today, for those under 20, about 64 percent of
males and 57 percent of women have attended school. This is
a 10 percent increase for men and a 39 percent increase for
women. At the postsecondary level, the transition rate, from
secondary school towards higher education, is generally
higher among girls than among boys.

47. Continue….
• Reduction of child marriage
Child marriage is a major problem in Bangladesh. Bangladesh has one
of the highest rates of child-marriage in the world. Nearly two-thirds
of adolescent girls are married (10-17 years). Rural development have
a great impact on reduction of child marriage. Because of it rise a
opinion against child marriage.
• Women’s political participation
It also increase political participation of women in rural area because
women need mobility and liberty which can ensure by rural
development.
• against Violence on women
It also make opinion on violence against women . Women can know
about law of VAW and imply them in their life. Violence are decries
for rural development of women.

48. Continue….
• Women’s contribution in GDP:
In rural area women work in field and household and it have
impact on GDP in Bangladesh. In agricultural sector accounted
for nearly 23.50% of gross domestic product which provides
US$ 27.16 billion. Women contribution in GDP is US$ 10.58
billion.
Contribution of men and women in agriculture in GDP
(Source: Bangladesh Bank: Data released on November 2010)
Particulars US$( In Billion) Percentage
Agriculture 27.16 23.50%
Men 10.58 39%
Women 16.58 61%

49. Continue….
• Conciseness rising
To rise conciseness many organization work for it. The main
concept of rural development that is economic freedom
and conciseness rising of women.
• Decision making power:
Today women got decision making power more then past
decade because of rural development. Rural development
enter women in development process like as education,
economic freedom etc which give women decision making
power. In every steps of life women can give their decision
though women are less then decision making power then
men.

50. References..
• Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS): Bangladesh Data Sheet and economic survey, 1999.
• National Plan of Action II (2003-2015) for Education for All
• National Food Policy 2006, Ministry of Food and Disaster Management,Government of the
People's Republic of Bangladesh. August 2006.
• Bangladesh Plan of Action on National Agriculture Policy 2004, Ministry of Agriculture,
Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh; United Nations Development Program
and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, February 2004, Dhaka.
• National Rural Development Policy, 2001 (in Bengali), Ministry of Local Government and
Rural Development, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh.
• National Policy for Advancement of Women, 2011 in (Bengali), Ministry of Women and
Children Affairs, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh.
• Osman,A.M. (2004) Women’s Development Policy and Programme Dynamics, Dhaka:
Social Science Research Council, Planning Division.
• Syeda ,F.A& Sawlat ,H.Z ( 2004)ROLE OF NGOS IN RURAL POVERTY ERADICATION:
A BANGLADESH OBSERVATION. BRAC University Journal, vol. I, no. 1, 2004, pp. 13-22