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shared innovation™
Ways of thinking about Linked
Data
Rob Styles, SeniorTechnical Consultant
rob.styles@talis.com
shared innovation™
A brief history of the Web.
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The Web is notThe Internet.
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1990 —Tim Berners-Lee starts WorldWideWeb
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1990 —Tim Berners-Lee starts WorldWideWeb
2000 — Jimmy Wales starts Wikipedia
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1980 —Tim Berners-Lee wrote Enquire-Within-Upon-Everything
1990 —Tim Berners-Lee starts WorldWideWeb
2000 — Jimmy Wales starts Wikipedia
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1980 —Tim Berners-Lee wrote Enquire-Within-Upon-Everything
1990 —Tim Berners-Lee starts WorldWideWeb
2000 — Jimmy Wales starts Wikipedia
2007 —Tim Berners-Lee starts Linking Open Data
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What are people looking for?
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What are people looking for?
1. roberta mancino
2. tokyo sandblaster
3. josiah viera
4. marcus dupree
5. missle launch california
6. missile launch california
7. jack mcbrayer
8. dot jones
9. paul millsap
10. ab cuts
http://www.google.com/trends/hottrends?sa=X&date=2010-11-9
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Format.
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Search Engine Results.
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PageRank.
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Ambiguity.
(the Paris Hilton problem)
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Wikipedia.
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Data is just people saying stuff.
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http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-11372185
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Semantics is meaning.
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Syntax is the rules.
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The Web of Documents;
a Syntactic Web.
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The Web of Data;
a Semantic Web.
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Use web addresses as names for
real things.
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http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/species/Lion#species
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When someone requests that
URL, give back useful information.
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Provide links to other things, both
in your own site and elsewhere.
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Linked Data is not* about
publishing data on the web, it’s
about making the things your
website says machine-readable.
* just
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• “Mallard” is a Species.
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• “Mallard” is a Species.
• “Mallard” has a scientific name
of “Anas Platyrhynchos”.
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• “Mallard” is a Species.
• “Mallard” has a scientific name
of “Anas Platyrhynchos”.
• “Mallard” has a common name
of “Wild duck”.
shared innovation™
• “Mallard” is a Species.
• “Mallard” has a scientific name
of “Anas Platyrhynchos”.
• “Mallard” has a common name
of “Wild duck”.
• “Mallard” lives in the “Lake”
habitat (amongst others).
shared innovation™
• “Mallard” is a Species.
• “Mallard” has a scientific name
of “Anas Platyrhynchos”.
• “Mallard” has a common name
of “Wild duck”.
• “Mallard” lives in the “Lake”
habitat (amongst others).
• “Wild Nature” is a video clip.
shared innovation™
• “Mallard” is a Species.
• “Mallard” has a scientific name
of “Anas Platyrhynchos”.
• “Mallard” has a common name
of “Wild duck”.
• “Mallard” lives in the “Lake”
habitat (amongst others).
• “Wild Nature” is a video clip.
• “Wild Nature” is about the
species “Mallard”.
shared innovation™
• “Mallard” is a Species.
• “Mallard” has a scientific name
of “Anas Platyrhynchos”.
• “Mallard” has a common name
of “Wild duck”.
• “Mallard” lives in the “Lake”
habitat (amongst others).
• “Wild Nature” is a video clip.
• “Wild Nature” is about the
species “Mallard”.
shared innovation™
• “Mallard” is a Species.
• “Mallard” has a scientific name
of “Anas Platyrhynchos”.
• “Mallard” has a common name
of “Wild duck”.
• “Mallard” lives in the “Lake”
habitat (amongst others).
• “Wild Nature” is a video clip.
• “Wild Nature” is about the
species “Mallard”.
shared innovation™
• “Mallard” is a Species.
• “Mallard” has a scientific name
of “Anas Platyrhynchos”.
• “Mallard” has a common name
of “Wild duck”.
• “Mallard” lives in the “Lake”
habitat (amongst others).
• “Wild Nature” is a video clip.
• “Wild Nature” is about the
species “Mallard”.
shared innovation™
• “Mallard” is a Species.
• “Mallard” has a scientific name
of “Anas Platyrhynchos”.
• “Mallard” has a common name
of “Wild duck”.
• “Mallard” lives in the “Lake”
habitat (amongst others).
• “Wild Nature” is a video clip.
• “Wild Nature” is about the
species “Mallard”.
Mallard
Species
a
shared innovation™
• “Mallard” is a Species.
• “Mallard” has a scientific name
of “Anas Platyrhynchos”.
• “Mallard” has a common name
of “Wild duck”.
• “Mallard” lives in the “Lake”
habitat (amongst others).
• “Wild Nature” is a video clip.
• “Wild Nature” is about the
species “Mallard”.
Mallard
Species
a
Anas Platyrhynchos
scientific name
shared innovation™
• “Mallard” is a Species.
• “Mallard” has a scientific name
of “Anas Platyrhynchos”.
• “Mallard” has a common name
of “Wild duck”.
• “Mallard” lives in the “Lake”
habitat (amongst others).
• “Wild Nature” is a video clip.
• “Wild Nature” is about the
species “Mallard”.
Mallard
Species
a
Anas Platyrhynchos
scientific name
Wild duck
common name
shared innovation™
• “Mallard” is a Species.
• “Mallard” has a scientific name
of “Anas Platyrhynchos”.
• “Mallard” has a common name
of “Wild duck”.
• “Mallard” lives in the “Lake”
habitat (amongst others).
• “Wild Nature” is a video clip.
• “Wild Nature” is about the
species “Mallard”.
Mallard
Species
a
Anas Platyrhynchos
scientific name
Wild duck
common name
Lake Habitat
a
lives in
shared innovation™
• “Mallard” is a Species.
• “Mallard” has a scientific name
of “Anas Platyrhynchos”.
• “Mallard” has a common name
of “Wild duck”.
• “Mallard” lives in the “Lake”
habitat (amongst others).
• “Wild Nature” is a video clip.
• “Wild Nature” is about the
species “Mallard”.
Mallard
Species
a
Anas Platyrhynchos
scientific name
Wild
Nature
Video
Clipa
Wild duck
common name
Lake Habitat
a
lives in
shared innovation™
• “Mallard” is a Species.
• “Mallard” has a scientific name
of “Anas Platyrhynchos”.
• “Mallard” has a common name
of “Wild duck”.
• “Mallard” lives in the “Lake”
habitat (amongst others).
• “Wild Nature” is a video clip.
• “Wild Nature” is about the
species “Mallard”.
Mallard
Species
a
Anas Platyrhynchos
scientific name
Wild
Nature
Video
Clipa
about
Wild duck
common name
Lake Habitat
a
lives in
shared innovation™
Properties of Linked Data
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Properties of Linked Data
• Repeated values are simple
(hard in CSV, simple in XML)
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Properties of Linked Data
• Repeated values are simple
(hard in CSV, simple in XML)
• Removing duplication is simple
(no mechanism in CSV, or XML)
shared innovation™
Properties of Linked Data
• Repeated values are simple
(hard in CSV, simple in XML)
• Removing duplication is simple
(no mechanism in CSV, or XML)
• Many-to-Many relationships are simple
(no built-in mechanism in CSV, or XML, complicated in RDBMS)
shared innovation™
Properties of Linked Data
• Repeated values are simple
(hard in CSV, simple in XML)
• Removing duplication is simple
(no mechanism in CSV, or XML)
• Many-to-Many relationships are simple
(no built-in mechanism in CSV, or XML, complicated in RDBMS)
• Mixing data from several places is simple
(no built-in mechanism in CSV, XML or RDBMS)
shared innovation™
Properties of Linked Data
• Repeated values are simple
(hard in CSV, simple in XML)
• Removing duplication is simple
(no mechanism in CSV, or XML)
• Many-to-Many relationships are simple
(no built-in mechanism in CSV, or XML, complicated in RDBMS)
• Mixing data from several places is simple
(no built-in mechanism in CSV, XML or RDBMS)
• Data Structure is self-describing
(CSV needs you to know the structure, XML has limited support)
shared innovation™
Licensing...
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Licensing...
• Data is not a Creative Work
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Licensing...
• Data is not a Creative Work
• Copyright does not apply (consistently)
shared innovation™
Licensing...
• Data is not a Creative Work
• Copyright does not apply (consistently)
• Creative Commons is a Copyright-based license
shared innovation™
Licensing...
• Data is not a Creative Work
• Copyright does not apply (consistently)
• Creative Commons is a Copyright-based license
• Therefore...
shared innovation™
Licensing...
• Data is not a Creative Work
• Copyright does not apply (consistently)
• Creative Commons is a Copyright-based license
• Therefore...
• Creative Commons does not apply to data...
shared innovation™
Licensing...
• Data is not a Creative Work
• Copyright does not apply (consistently)
• Creative Commons is a Copyright-based license
• Therefore...
• Creative Commons does not apply to data...
• Use CC0 or ODC PDDL or ODC ODbL (for share-alike)
shared innovation™
but more...Think in terms of
webs of things, not hierarchies,
site maps or user journeys.
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still more...An internet of things
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Key Points !
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Key Points !
• Linked Data, RDF, is the HTML for data.
(it’s 1995 all over again)
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Key Points !
• Linked Data, RDF, is the HTML for data.
(it’s 1995 all over again)
• Linked Data, web-thinking, is as old as the Library of Alexandria
(and like Alexandria, it is a great way to share knowledge)
shared innovation™
Key Points !
• Linked Data, RDF, is the HTML for data.
(it’s 1995 all over again)
• Linked Data, web-thinking, is as old as the Library of Alexandria
(and like Alexandria, it is a great way to share knowledge)
• Linked Data makes data part of the web.
(a first class citizen alongside HTML, a target for linking to)
shared innovation™
Key Points !
• Linked Data, RDF, is the HTML for data.
(it’s 1995 all over again)
• Linked Data, web-thinking, is as old as the Library of Alexandria
(and like Alexandria, it is a great way to share knowledge)
• Linked Data makes data part of the web.
(a first class citizen alongside HTML, a target for linking to)
• Linked Data lets anyone say anything about anything.
(so don’t trust everything you read...)
This work is Copyright © 2008 Talis Group Limited.
It is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License
Full details at: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
You are free:
to Share — to copy, distribute and transmit the work
to Remix — to adapt the work
Under the following conditions:
Attribution. You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the
author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse
you or your use of the work).
• For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work.
• Any of the above conditions can be waived if you get permission from the copyright holder.
• Nothing in this license impairs or restricts the author's moral rights.
• Some Content in the work may be licensed under different terms, this is noted separately.
shared innovation™
Ways of thinking about Linked Data

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Ways of thinking about Linked Data