1. Eukaryotic
Cells
The Inside Story

2. 2 Types of
Cells
Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
Cells Cells
• No nucleus • Nucleus
• No membrane- DNA • Membrane -
Cells
covered covered
organelles organelles
• Linear DNA
• Circular DNA
• All other cells
• Bacteria

3. Which is which?

5. Cells come from..
1 of the 3 parts of the Cell Theory states

that
All cells come from pre-existing cells

So just as large multicellular organisms

like humans, dogs, and trees
reproduce, your cells do as well

6. So What is Inside a Cell?
It turns out that there is a lot more inside a cell

than Robert Hooke or Anton von Leeuwenhoek
probably would have guessed.
Everything, from the structures covering the

cells to the structures inside, perform tasks to
help keep the cells alive.
These structures are called organelles.


7. Holding It All Together
All cells have outer coverings that separate

what’s inside the cell from what is outside.
Membrane
Cell
Covers all cells, both eukaryotic and prokaryotic

 Duties include keeping cytoplasm inside
 Allow nutrients in and waste products out
 Also interacts with things outside the cell

8. Holding It All Together
Wall
Cell
Only found in plant and bacteria(prokaryotic) cells

Cell wall in plants is made of cellulose

Provides strength and support to the cell membrane

The strength of billions of cell walls in plants

enables a tree to stand tall and its limbs to defy
gravity

10. The Cell’s Library
Nucleus
Largest and most visible organelle

 Covered by a membrane
 Control center of cell
 Stores the DNA
Nucleolus
Dark spot inside the nucleus

 Stores the materials that will be used later to make
ribosomes in the cytoplasm

11. Protein Factories
Ribosomes
Smallest but most abundant organelles

Their job is to hook together amino acids to make proteins

Found in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

Not covered by a membrane

All cells have ribosomes because all cells need protein

to live.

13. The Cell’s Delivery System
Reticulum
Endoplasmic
Internal delivery system of a cell

 Is divided into Smooth and Rough ER based on
appearance and function
 Rough ER
Ribosomes are attached making it look pebbled

 Specializes in protein synthesis
 Connected to nuclear membrane
 Proteins synthesized by ribosomes collect in the ER
for transport throughout the cell

14. Difference Between
Rough and Smooth ER
 Smooth ER
Does not have ribosomes attached

Has different functions depending on the cell type

Can be responsible for lipid and hormone synthesis

Breaks down drugs and certain other chemicals that

could damage the cell

17. The Cell’s Power Plants
Mitochondria
 Convert the chemical energy stored in food into ATP
which is the molecular fuel that cells use to do work
 Inner membrane of mitochondria that has many
folds is where most of the ATP is made.
 The reason you breathe air is so that mitochondria
have the oxygen they need to make ATP
Highly active cells, like those in the liver and

heart, may have thousands of mitochondria
while other cells may have only a few.

19. The Cell’s Power Plants
Chloroplasts
Additional kind of energy-converting organelle

found in plants and algae
 Contain flattened, membrane-covered sacs that
look like stacks of coins which contain
chlorophyll
 Chlorophyll is what makes plants green and also
traps the energy in sunlight which plants use to
make sugar
 The sugar that is produced is used by

21. The Cell’s Packaging Center
Apparatus
Golgi
Looks like ER but is located closer to the cell

membrane
 Receives and modifies lipids and proteins sent
from the ER
 Final products are then enclosed in a piece of
the Golgi’s membrane that pinches off to form
small compartment
 Compartment transports contents to other parts
of cell or outside the cell

23. The Cell’s Storage Centers
Vacuoles
Very large in plant cells, much smaller in animal

cells
 Store water and other liquids
 If full of water they help support the cell
Store the liquids that make roses red and

violets blue
 Contain the juices you associate with oranges
and other fruits

25. The Cell’s Storage Centers
Vesicles
Some form when part of the membrane

pinches off the ER or Golgi
Others are formed when part of the cell

membrane surrounds an object outside the
cell

26. Packages of Destruction
Lysosomes
Special vesicles in animal cells that contain

enzymes that digest food particles and
wastes
 Destroy worn-out or damaged organelles
 Get rid of waste materials and protect cell
from foreign invaders
 If
lysosome membrane breaks, the
enzymes spill out into the cytoplasm which

29. Plant or Animal?

30. Plant or Animal?

31. Homework
You are going to create a drawing of a

eukaryotic cell.
However, instead of making it a realistic

cell, your cell should be made of drawings of
objects that represent the organelle’s job.
For example, the Golgi Apparatus, which

transports materials, could be a bus or a car.