This document provides an outline and overview of pipeline pigging. It discusses the purpose of pigging which is to clean and inspect pipelines. It describes how pipeline design considerations like bends, valves and dimensions impact pigging. It also explains the different types of pigs like utility pigs and intelligent inspection pigs. The document outlines pig station components and operating procedures for launching and receiving pigs. It provides details on inspection techniques like magnetic flux leakage and ultrasonics used to detect metal loss or cracks in pipelines.

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PIG RUNNING
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Outline
1. INTRODUCTION
2. THE PURPOSE OF PIGGING
3. PIPELINE DESIGN FOR PIGGING
4. PIG STATIONS
5. UTILITY PIGS
6. GEL PIGS AND PIGGING
7. IN-LINE INSPECTION PIGGING
8. PIG SIGNALING, LOCATION AND TRACKING
9. OPERATING PROCEDURES
10.Conclusion
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1. INTRODUCTION
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What’s a PIG?
2. THE PURPOSE OF PIGGING
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Why is it important that pipelines are maintained?

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DURING CONSTRUCTION
• ACCEPTANCE TESTING (Gauging, Hydrostatic
testing)
• Clean
PRE-COMMISSIONING
• Dewatering
• Drying
COMMISSIONING
• Cleaning
• Batching
DECOMMISSIONING
• Cleaning
Pigging in Different Stages of Operations :
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2. THE PURPOSE OF PIGGING
3. PIPELINE DESIGN FOR PIGGING
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• Driving a Pig
• Big difference between pigging natural gas and liquid lines
– Pigs go with the flow in liquid lines
• For gas lines, the front cup seal off flow and differential
pressure drives the pig
– For a 24 inch pig, a differential pressure from the front of the pig to the
back of 10 psi provides 5000 pounds of driving force
• Gas pressure is also important, the driving force is spongy at
low pressure, stiff at high pressure
– Very difficult to pig at pressures below 200 psi, typically easy for
pressures above 600 psi
• The optimal speed is 3-6 mph
– Not every pipeline operates at this flow rate
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Unpiggable Pipeline
(a pipeline that can’t be pigged)
• Not all pipelines can be successfully pigged
– Companies strive to make their pigs work perfectly the first time.
– Achieve this 90% of the time.
• Many pipelines were built before pigs were first used
– In the 1970’s, only 30% of interstate gas pipelines could be pigged.
• What makes lines unpiggable?
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Small diameters
Flow and access
Bends and Connections
Older Pipelines
3. PIPELINE DESIGN FOR PIGGING
• PIPELINE DIMENSIONS :
• Length
• Diameter and Wall Thickness
• Dual diameter pipelines
• PIPELINE MATERIALS:
• Base materials
• Linings
• Coatings
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3. PIPELINE DESIGN FOR PIGGING
• BENDS:
• Forged bends
• Field bends
• Miter bends
 10D for pipelines 4" and smaller
 5D for 6" through 12" lines
 3D for pipelines larger than 12
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3. PIPELINE DESIGN FOR PIGGING
• OFFTAKES:
• Unbarred tees
• Barred tees
• RELATIVE POSITION OF FEATURES:
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3. PIPELINE DESIGN FOR PIGGING
• WYE JUNCTIONS:
• Convergence angle
• Bores
• DIVERTERS:
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3. PIPELINE DESIGN FOR PIGGING
• VALVES:
• In-line block valves
• Check valves
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3. PIPELINE DESIGN FOR PIGGING
• OPERATING CONDITIONS:
• Product
• Pressure
• Temperature
• Fluid velocity / flow rate
polyurethane seals
32 – 180 / 0 – 82
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4. PIG STATIONS
• LAUNCHINGESIG/RECIEVING TRAP DESIGN and
DIMENSIONS
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Launcher
Reciever

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4. PIG STATIONS
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• Batching
4. PIG STATIONS
• LAUNCHING/RECIEVING TRAP DESIGN and DIMENSIONS
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4. PIG STATIONS
• LAUNCHING/RECIEVING TRAP DESIGN and DIMENSIONS
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5. UTILITY PIGS
• DESCRIPTIONS :
Mandrel Pigs
The various elements of the pig are attached
, using multiple bolts, to a solid body or mandrel.
Single Bolt Pigs
Similar to the mandrel pig, the elements
are fitted to a single bolt, rather than a solid body.
Solid Cast Pig
Both sealing and guide elements are cast
as a single component in polyurethane.
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5. UTILITY PIGS
• DESCRIPTIONS :
Foam
Open cell polyurethane foam is available in light
, medium, and heavy density, dependant on the
application. Foam pigs can be polyurethane coated to
improve wear resistance and stability.
Articulated
Made up of two or more pigs joined with a
universal coupling, articulated pigs form
the basis for many intelligent pigs.
Spheres
Spheres can be solid or inflatable with air, water,
or glycol and are used for product
separation, liquid removal, and in meter proving.
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• PIG SELECTION :
5. UTILITY PIGS
a) What is the substance to be removed
(or displaced)?
b) Where is the substance radially -
longitudinally (if known)?
c) What is the estimated volume to be
removed?
d) Does the substance removed present
any hazards?
a) What are the contents of the line
WHILE PIGGING?
b) What is the driving pressure
available?
c) What is the velocity while pigging?
d) What is the temperature profile?
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• PIG SELECTION :
5. UTILITY PIGS
a) What is the pipe material and is it
lined (and if so with what)?
b) What is the minimum and
maximum inside diameter?
c) What is the pipeline elevation
profile?
d) What is the maximum distance the
pig must travel in one run?
e) What is the MINIMUM bend radms
in the line?
f) What is the angle of the bend(s)?
g) What is the relative position of the
features?
h) What is the inside diameter of each
offtake (tee)?
j) What type/make/model of valves are
considered
k) Are there any other features which
might be relevant?
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6. GEL PIGS & PIGGING
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7. IN-LINE INSPECTION PIGGING
 Main Use of ILI Tools
• Metal Loss / Corrosion Detection
• Diameter/Geometry Measurements
• Crack Detection
• Leak Detection
• Profile Monitoring / Mapping
• Photographic / Video Inspection
• Temperature & Pressure Recording
• Product Sampling
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7. IN-LINE INSPECTION PIGGING
ANATOMY of an
INTELLIGENT
PIG
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7. IN-LINE INSPECTION PIGGING
• METAL LOSS SERVICES:
 Magnetic Flux Leakage(MFL)
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7. IN-LINE INSPECTION PIGGING
• METAL LOSS SERVICES:
 Magnetic Flux Leakage(MFL)
Green
represents
background
signals
MFL Data
Line Map
OD/ID
MFL Signals - Corrosion
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7. IN-LINE INSPECTION PIGGING
• METAL LOSS SERVICES:
 ULTRASONICS (UT)
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7. IN-LINE INSPECTION PIGGING
• METAL LOSS SERVICES:
 ULTRASONICS (UT)
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7. IN-LINE INSPECTION PIGGING
• MFL vs UT
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7. IN-LINE INSPECTION PIGGING
• GEOMETRY SERVICES
 Mechanical  ElectroMagnetic
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• The first time a pipeline is pigged, with diameter is tested with gage pigs,
caliper pigs and dummy pigs (no sensors or data recording).

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8. PIG SIGNALING, LOCATION &
TRACKING
 PIG SIGNAL
• INTRUSIVE
• NON-INTRUSIVE
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8. PIG SIGNALING, LOCATION &
TRACKING
• PIG LOCATION AND TRACKING
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ELECTROMAGNETIC
TRANSMITTERS
TRANSPONDERS
ACOUSTIC PINGERS
MAGNETS
ACOUSTICS
E.L.F. SYSTEMS
PRESSURE PULSES
RADIOISOTOPES

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9. OPERATING
PROCEDURES
• PIG LAUNCHING
AND RECEIVING
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9. OPERATING
PROCEDURES
• PIG LAUNCHING
AND RECEIVING
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Conclusion
Prevention
• Batching pigs
• By-pass pigs
Detection
• Magnetic Flux
Leakage(MFL)
• ULTRASONICS
(UT)
•EDDY CURRENTS
Monitoring
•PHOTOGRAPHIC
/ VIDEO
INSPECTION
• Pigging Application in Corrosion Control
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Thank you for your attention
Your Questions are Welcomed…
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