2. There are many ways in which
societies distinguish their
members
GEND
ER AGE
Rich
Poor
NATION RELIGI
3. What are the Differences that may affect the
expectations of society:
× Gender & age
A. ALL MEN SHOULD BE MASCULINE
× MEN BE THE BREADWINNERS OF
THEIR FAMILIES
B. ALL WOMEN SHOULD BE FEMININE
× WOMEN BE THE HOUSEKEEPERS
OF THEIR FAMILIES
4. The man’s world:
× viewed as harsh & heartless jungle
× man = strong and aggressive
B. The woman’s world
× harmony at home
5. The division of labor
× men = ambitious and aggressive
× women = shy, passive, and easily
intimidated Malakas at
Mahina at
mahinhin magilas
6. Urban vs. rural
Urban:
× urabnized men tend to be open-minded
and ignorant towards gender roles
× in most cases, women work to provide
for their families while men stay at home
to handle house chores bread winner of
Woman =
family
7. Urban vs. rural
rural:
× men still tend to be traditional ; they take
the roles of having to provide for their
families through fishing, farming, etc.
× women stay at home where they fulfill
their duties as a mother and as a wife
8. Man vs. woman
(social aspect)
The man :
× initiates interactions between the sexes
× more likely to touch the women
× aggressive
× more practical in orientation
×Opening doors for women = customary
9. The man according to women
× success objects
The woman according to men
× sex objects
10. × People have gender roles
× each society posses a
particular gender role
11. Margaret mead
(1935)
× studied three tribes in
new guinea
a)Arapesh
b)Mundugmor
c)Tchambuli
12. × in most societies,
men’s work is highly
valued compared to the
women’s work.
× kay martin and
barbara voorhies
13.
14. Men > women
woMen are viewed negatively:
× submissive
Men are viewed positively:
× dependent
× independent × unadventurous
× courageous × easily influenced
× more positive× excitable in minor crises
traits... × susceptible to hurt feeling
× conceited
15. Men > women
Studies show that…
× least preferable as friends or
romantic partners
× more likely to have marital
problems
× female managers = unfeminine
16. Men > women
Low status
gestures:
× smiling
× nodding
High status × holding arms to
gestures: the body
× Smiling × keeping legs
occasionally together
× Holding hands
still
× Assuming
asymmetrical
17. Women:
× deprived of opportunities for higher
education
× barred from many colleges &
universities
× receive less attention from teachers
Faculties/administrations
× suffer dramatic drop in self-esteem
× there is a gender gap in the nation’s
during high school
18. × forty years ago, 30% women were
employed outside the home.
× today, more than half of the
women are employed, including
19. × for women in their thirties and
forties, the rate of labor-force
participation now stands at 78%
20. × women typically hold lower status
and lower paying jobs than men.
× in the us, men made up of 75%
managers in companies with 100 or
more employees but women
only accounted for 25%
21. × women are over represented in such
low-paying jobs: public school teaching,
secretarial work, receptionists, billing clerks,
child-care workers
× woman’s ghettos: the traditional
occupations mentioned above are
subordinate to positions usually held by
22. Why do women who hold the same jobs
as men or have comparable skills /
training still earn less?
× more women hold lower-level jobs
× more women have less seniority than
men
× men are their families’ principal wage
23. In the Philippines :
× The philippine government
legislated a standard policy on wage
and salary regardless of gender
but base on merits and ranks.
24. Before:
× mentality
× Sexism
× Roles in the family
todaY:
ballot × voting patterns
wom
an wom ×Presently rising
× an
man more women running for office
25. A system wherein people believe in god or gods
Buddhism and Confucianism:
× instruct wives to obey husbands
Iglesia ni kristo:
× female members are barred to occupy
× Men are superior to women as minister
positions on account
of the qualities in which God has given
× sexism isthem preeminence
not confined to sacred texts.
26.
27. FEMAL
× They have two similar chromos
× more resistant to pain and m
× They bear and suck
onal, social and economic activities may be periodically
× more evenly balanced between left and right-brain
t to be slightly more intuitive and sometimes better com
ouch with their feelings and are better at expressing the
× better at connecting w
× more prone to different types of
28. MALES
× They have two dissimilar chromosomes (XY).
× The male’s lack of a second X chromosome makes
him the weaker sex
× Male infants are more likely to be malformed.
× Hemophilia and webbing of toes are found only in
men.
× Proportion of hormones is greater.
× biological involvement in reproduction begins and
ends with a brief act of insemination.
29. Men and women are different in many ways
MALE traits
× dominance
× emotional stability
× rule consciousness
× vigilance
× openness to change
× social boldness
× privateness
× perfectionism
30. Men and women are different in many ways
feMALE traits
× sensitivity
× warmth
× apprehension
× tension
× self-reliance
× liveliness
× abstractedness