this assignment is

1. 8th semester
Afza Sohail 11-662
1
Submitted To:
Mam Faiza
Submitted by:
Afza Sohail
Roll no. 11-662
B.Ed (hons) Elementary Education
8th Semester
Govt. College for
Women University

2. 8th semester
Afza Sohail 11-662
2
Faisalabad
1.Report Writing………………………………...3
 Why to write report…………………………………………………..3
 How to write a good report…………………………………………3
 Features of a well written report…………………………………..4
 Purpose………………………………………………………………..4
 Characteristics………………………………………………………..4
 Guidelines……………………………………………………………..4
2.Reference& Bibliography……………………..5
 Reference…………………………………………………………...….5
 Bibliography…………………………………………………………..5
 Need to cite references……………………………………………….5
3.References…………………………………..…6

3. 8th semester
Afza Sohail 11-662
3
Report Writing
A report is a statement of the results of an investigation or of any
matter on which definite information is required.
(Oxford English Dictionary)
Report means a statement or description of what has been said, seen,
done etc. It contains facts figures, information, analysis, opinions,
suggestions, recommendations, drafts, charts, pictures; statistical tables specially complied for a
particular purpose.
Research report is a condensed form or a brief description of the research work done by the
researcher. It involves several steps to present the report in the form of thesis or dissertation.
A report is usually:
 A means to convey some information to others.
 An organized, factual, objective presentation of information.
 Should not be influenced by our personal feelings.
 A comprehensive document and covers all aspects of the
subject matter of study.
 Presents information, not an argument.
 Meant to be scanned quickly by the reader.
 Uses numbered headings and sub-headings.
 Uses short, concise paragraphs and dot-points where
applicable.
 Uses graphics wherever possible (tables, graphs, illustrations).
 May need an abstract (sometimes called an executive
summary).
 Does not always need references and bibliography.
Whydo we write reports?
1. To present the findings and results.
2. To keep records.
Report
Keep
Record
failuer
&
Success
Progres
s
Finding
&
Results

4. 8th semester
Afza Sohail 11-662
4
3. To tell about failures and successes.
4. To tell the progress of the project/research.
To write a good reportyoushould know:
 Purpose of Report
 Research and writing becomes relevant to the
topic Scope of Report
 What needs to go into the report
 Always get clear guidelines from the study guide.
 Extend of the report should be clear.
Features ofa wellwritten report:
1. A Good Report has Clarity of thought.
2. A Good Report is complete and Self-explanatory.
3. A Good Report is Comprehensive but Compact.
4. A Good Report has a Proper Date and Signature.
5. A Good Report is presented in a Lucid Style.
Purpose:
1. Present in conference.
2. Publish in journals or articles.
3. Get grant or financial aid.
4. Have implications or recommendations in clinical practice, education administration.
Characteristics:
1. Conciseness
2. Clarity
3. Honesty
4. Completeness
5. Accuracy
Guidelines:
1. Be objective.
2. Minimize the use of technical language.
3. Use present tense & active voice.
4. Treat the data confidentially.
5. Revise and rewrite.
6. Use visual aids.
7. Report should show originality.
Clarity
of
thought
Complet
e and
self-
explanat
ory
Comprih
ensive
Compect
Proper
date
Lucid
Style
Conciseness
Clarity
Honesty
Completeness
Accuracy

5. 8th semester
Afza Sohail 11-662
5
8. It must provide a ready availability of the findings.
9. The layout must be appropriate and accordance with the objective.
10. Report should be free from grammatical mistakes.
11. Report must present the logical analysis of the subject matter.
12. It must be an attempt to solve some intellectual problems.
13. Index must be prepared & appended at the end.
14. Report must be attractive in appearance, neat & clear whether
typed or printed.
15. It should state the policy implications relating to the problem
under consideration.
References & Bibliography
It is essential to include a reference list or bibliography of the reference material you
consulted during your writing for the report. A bibliography is a list of all the reference material
you consulted during your research for the report while a reference list is a list of all the
references cited in the text of your report, listed in alphabetical order
at the end of the report. Each reference in the reference list needs to
contain all of the bibliographic information from a source.
Throughout the text of your report you will also need to provide
references when you have included an idea in your report which is
not your own original idea. You don't need to reference an idea,
however, if it is common knowledge or if it has been established by
you in your experiment. A reference is the bracketed or footnoted
piece of information within the text of your writing that provides an
acknowledgment that you are using someone else's ideas.
Bibliography:
This section lists all the sources. The sources are written alphabetically by author last name
that were directly used in writing the report. An entry for a book in a bibliography usually
contains the following elements:
1. Author name
2. Title
3. Publisher and place of publication
4. Date of publication
Needto citereferences:
 Support your arguments and give your work a factual basis
Author
name
Title
Publisher
date
place

6. 8th semester
Afza Sohail 11-662
6
 protect yourself against
charges of plagiarism
 Demonstrate to assessors or
critics that you have carried out
the necessary research
 Allow the reader to locate the material you consulted.
Accuracy and completeness are important. Keep track of all your sources throughout your
research process
.
http://www.laurenscorijn.com/articles/importance-of-reference
http://www.cite.auckland.ac.nz/index.php?p=why_reference
http://unilearning.uow.edu.au/academic/4cx.html
https://www.google.com.pk/webhp?sourceid=chrome-
instant&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF-8#q=importance+of+reference
http://unilearning.uow.edu.au/report/1h.html
https://www.google.com.pk/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF-
8#q=purpose+of+reference+in+report+writing