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Chapter 01 power point
1.
2. Chapter Introduction
Section 1: The Diversity of
Americans
Section 2: Who Are
America’s
Citizens?
Section 3: Government and
the People
Visual Summary
3. Our Declaration of
Independence proclaims that
“all men are created equal.” This
does not mean that everyone is
born with the same wealth,
intelligence, strength, or
ambition. Each one of us has a
unique combination of qualities
and characteristics. The words
of the Declaration mean that all
people should have equal rights,
which is the cornerstone of the
democratic ideal.
4. Section 1:
The Diversity of Americans
As American citizens, we
make a commitment to the
nation and to the values
and principles that are part
of United States
democracy. In addition to the
common values and civic
unity, the United States
benefits from its rich diversity.
5. Section 2: Who Are
America’s Citizens?
Citizens possess certain
rights. With citizenship,
there are also certain
responsibilities expected of
all Americans. In the United
States, there are two ways to
become a citizen: by birth
and by a process called
naturalization.
6. Section 3:
Government and the
People
People form governments
to establish order, provide
security, and accomplish
common goals. Democratic
governments perform
necessary functions so
citizens can live together
peacefully.
7. Guide to Reading
Big Idea
As American citizens, we make a
commitment to the nation and to the
values and principles that are part of
United States democracy.
8. Guide to Reading
Content Vocabulary
• civics • popular
sovereignty
• citizenship
• institution
• citizen
• service
economy
• value
10. What is Civics?
Civics is the study of the rights and
duties of citizens.
11. What is Civics? (cont.)
• Civics is the study of the rights and duties
of citizens.
• Changes in citizenship requirements
12. What is Civics? (cont.)
• Rights and duties of citizens:
– Owe loyalty to the government
– Entitled to protection from the
government
• Citizens as part of a country
13. A Changing Society
American society has undergone many
changes in the past, and these changes
continue today.
14. A Changing Society (cont.)
• The United States is a nation of
immigrants.
• Immigration from Europe:
– Early immigration
– After American independence
– From southern and eastern
Europe
U.S. Foreign-Born Population, 1850–2005
15. A Changing Society (cont.)
• Changes in immigration patterns:
– Latin America
– Asia
• African immigrants brought by force
16. A Changing Society (cont.)
• Ethnic diversity:
– Whites of European descent
– African Americans
– Asians and Pacific Islanders
– Native Americans
– Latinos
United States Immigration, 2004
17. A Changing Society (cont.)
• Religious diversity:
– Christians
– Jews
– Muslims
– Buddhists
– Other religious groups
18. A Changing Society (cont.)
• Population growth and change today:
– Birthrate
– Service Economy
– Increasing population in the South and
West
19. A Changing Society (cont.)
– Rising age of citizens
– Increasing levels of education
– Growing Latino population
20. American Values and Institutions
Americans share key values, and these
values are reflected in the important
institutions of American life.
21. American Values and Institutions (cont.)
• Values are broad ideas about what is
good or desirable that are shared by
people in a society.
22. American Values and Institutions (cont.)
• Basic American values
• Values uniting Americans:
– The country’s founding documents
– The English language as a source of
unity
– Belief in popular sovereignty
23. American Values and Institutions (cont.)
• Role of major American institutions:
– The family
– Religious institutions
– Educational institutions
– Social institutions
– Governmental institutions
24. Guide to Reading
Big Idea
Citizens possess certain rights. With
citizenship, Americans also have
certain responsibilities.
26. Path to Citizenship
In the United States, there are two ways
to become a citizen: by birth and by a
process called naturalization.
27. Path to Citizenship (cont.)
• There are two ways to become an
American citizen:
– Birth
– Naturalization
• D
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it
i
28. Path to Citizenship (cont.)
• The naturalization process for aliens:
– Declaration of Intention
– Living in the United States
– Interview and citizenship exam
– Oath of allegiance
• Native Americans as citizens
29. Path to Citizenship (cont.)
• Denying and losing citizenship:
– Improperly obtained citizenship
– Expatriation
– Federal crimes involving extreme
disloyalty
30. Aliens in America
Even though the United States controls
the admission of aliens to this country,
each year millions of people enter
America illegally.
31. Aliens in America (cont.)
• There are restrictions on the number of
immigrants who can enter the United
States.
• Immigration Act of 1990
32. Aliens in America (cont.)
• Aliens living in the United States illegally:
– Temporary visitors
– Crossing borders
– Foreigners with expired legal permits
– Many fear being deported
33. Aliens in America (cont.)
• The United States Border Patrol:
• Different categories of legal aliens:
– Resident aliens
– Nonresident aliens
– Refugees
• Rights of aliens
34. Guide to Reading
Big Idea
People form governments to
establish order, provide security, and
accomplish common goals.
35. Guide to Reading
Content Vocabulary
• government • republic
• public policy • monarchy
• budget • majority rule
• democracy • authoritarian
• direct • totalitarian
democracy
• representative
democracy
37. The Need for Government
The different levels of government
provide many different services.
38. The Need for Government (cont.)
• Government is the ruling authority for a
community, or society.
• Functions of government:
– Keep order
– Provide security
Functions of Government
39. The Need for Government (cont.)
– Provide services
– Guide the community
• Formulate public policy
• Plan and budget
Functions of Government
40. The Need for Government (cont.)
• Levels of government:
– National
– State and local
41. Types of Government
The people are the ultimate rulers of
democratic countries, while in
totalitarian states, a single person or
small group holds all the power.
42. Types of Government (cont.)
• Democratic government
• Types of democracy:
– Direct democracy
– Representative democracy or republic
– Constitutional monarchy
43. Types of Government (cont.)
• Principles of democracy:
– Rule of law
– Limited government
– Consent of the governed
Principles of American Democracy
44. Types of Government (cont.)
– Individual rights
– Representative government
– Majority rule
Principles of American Democracy
45. Types of Government (cont.)
• Authoritarian government
– Absolute monarchy
– Dictatorship
– Totalitarianism
Comparing Democratic and Authoritarian Systems
46. The American People
• Because of its heritage, the
United States is often called “a
nation of immigrants.”
• Until the mid-1900s, most
immigrants came from Europe.
• Latin America now accounts for
the largest share of immigrants to
the United States.
• The United States is a diverse
nation, reflecting the values of
many groups.
47. American Values and Institutions
• Values are ideas about
what is good or desirable
that are shared by people
in a society.
• Our basic values include
freedom, equality,
opportunity, justice, and tolerance.
• Every society has institutions that help it transmit its
values.
• Important American institutions are the family,
religious, educational, social, and governmental
institutions.
48. Citizenship
• According to the U.S. Constitution, people can
become American citizens by birth and through
naturalization.
• Millions of illegal aliens live in the United States.
Legal aliens have entered the country lawfully.
49. Government
• People need governments to
make and enforce laws and
to help us meet our needs.
The purposes of government
include the following:
• Providing order and security
• Providing public services
• Guiding the community
50. Government
• Although all governments carry out the same basic
functions, there are differences in the ways
governments can be organized.
• The main types of government are democratic
government and authoritarian government.
• In a democracy, the supreme political authority rests
with the people.
