27. Optimization – mesh relaxation
Two columns

28. Optimization – mesh relaxation
Roof

29. Structure strategy- Subdivision

30. Structure concept- mushroom columns

31. Type A: Self surpport mushroom columns

32. Previous solution:
More materials cost

33. Choosen solution: flatten trusses.
Moment distribution: grows from bottom to top.
65m

34. Compares to the former solution, saves materials, has familiar
deformation.

35. Type B: Mushroom support trusses + Double curved roof
Guides rain water & fits the architectureconcept

36. Previous solution A: non-symmetrical, more
materials cost, huge structure height
Expo 1970

38. 118m

40. Type C: Walking path, same shape logic.
30m

41. Structure design
+
+

42. 3Ps

43. Energy distribution
training& hockey
Energy generation
from solar panels
Ice skating
10.000.000 kW/y from the 5.000.000
“iceberg” and the parking
spaces
Other uses: library,
restaurant, café, bar

44. Ventilation
requirements 1st calculation final calculation
• Lowering the height
• Lighter construction above
the rinks
Static pressure across surface
Stack effect
34m
Air velocity across surface

45. Materials
Good performance of steel

46. Air circulation in the ice rink

47. Airflow distribution in the stadium
Air extraction pipe
Air extraction pipe
Ventilation
air 15-16 C
Ice surface
4C
Heating under
insulation
the seats
The basic technical elements of a well-working facility are:
• Insulated walls and ceiling
• Efficient refrigeration plant
• Mechanical ventilation
• Efficient heating system
• Air dehumidification
Fiberglass

48. Cooling pipe system with heat recovery
Constant
temperature on
the ice surface
Heat recovery from
the chiller

49. Acoustics Materials 125 250 500 1000 2000
Concrete
0.36 0.44 0.31 0.29 0.39
Reverberation time for seats
Theater
3s seats
(wood,
0.5 0.3 0.4 0.76 0.8
fully
occupied)
for seats
Concrete
panel(pain 0.1 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.09
ted) walls
Ice floor 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02
For 125 Hz the T = 2, 28 < 3
Metal deck
For 250 Hz the T = 2, 01 < 3
(perforate
For 500 Hz the T = 2, 03 < 3
d channels, 0.73 0.99 0.99 0.89 0.52
For 1000 Hz the T = 1, 74 < 3
75mm(3")
For 2000 Hz the T = 1, 89 < 3
batts) roof
air 0 0 0 0.002 0.004

50. f

64. Type C: Walking path, same shape logic.
30m