Front end microservices: architectures and solution

Microservices in frontend:
architectures and solutions
Mikhail Kuznetcov, ING

Mikhail Kuznetcov
Dev engineer at ING
Twitter: @legkoletat
Github: github.com/shershen08
Agenda

Agenda
● Microservices
● Modern frontend
● Microservice-oriented frontend solutions
● Challenges and conclusion

Microservices
● Single responsibility principle - “granularity”
● Faster developers onboarding
● Faster adding features
● Ease of deployment*
● Freedom to choose technology*
● High scalability

● Complexity
● Size (100s of ﬁles, 100s of KLOC)
● Size of the teams (10s developers)
● Technological diversity
● Constant upgrades and migrations

History
2010
BigPipe by Facebook
2016
Micro-frontends.org
Mosaic project
2017
Adoption of Web components

2019
thoughtworks.com/radar/te
chniques/micro-frontends

Architectures
FRONTEND
BACKEND
App1 App2 App3
Infra (BE4FE, NGNIX, etc)
MS1
MS2
MS3
MS5
MS4
MS6
FRONTEND
+
BACKEND

Solutions overview
● In-browser: single-spa
● Server-side: tailor
● iFrames & per-route apps
● Web components as wrapper

In-browser: Single-spa
github.com/CanopyTax/single-spa
● In browser
● Lazy load
● Parts of one page & separate routes
● Share styles, utils, data, events etc.
● Unified lifecycle
@legkoletat | Microservices in frontend: architectures and solutions

Schema #1: Single-spa
Widget
app 1
Widget
app 2
Dashboard app
Single-spa
+ config
Header
app
index.html

Single-spa: root conﬁg
//single-spa-config.js
import {declareChildApplication, start} from 'single-spa';
declareChildApplication('app-user-profile', () =>
import('PATH_TO/app.user.profile.js'),pathPrefix('/profile’));
declareChildApplication('app-transactions', () =>
import('PATH_TO/app.transactions.js'),pathPrefix('/transactions’));
//etc
start();

Single-spa: conﬁgure app
// app-user-profile.js
export function bootstrap(props) {
return Promise
.resolve()
.then(() => {
// one-time app initialization code
});
}
//mount callback
//unmount callback

Stitching fragments
github.com/zalando/tailor
● Backend powered (NodeJS)
● Serves parts of one page
● Provides complete toolset - Mosaic

Widget
app 1
Schema #2: Tailor
github.com/shershen08/tailor-vue-demo
Widget
app 2
Dashboard app
Tailor +
Webserver
Header
app
HTML-like
template

Tailor server
const Tailor = require('node-tailor');
const tailor = new Tailor({
templatesPath: '/built-apps-folder'
});
const server = http.createServer((req, res) => {
// custom server logic
tailor.requestHandler(req, res)
})
server.listen(process.env.PORT);

Tailor template
<body>

<div id="header">
<span class="fragment-error">Header failed to load</span>
</div>
<fragment src="https://abs123.company.internal.com"></fragment>

<fragment src="https://dashb22.company.internal.com" primary>
</fragment>

Tailor app setup
"scripts": {
"start": "npm run start-fragments & node tailor.js",
"install-fragment-dependencies": "lerna bootstrap",
"build-fragments": "lerna run build",
"start-fragments": "lerna run --parallel start",
"watch-fragments": "lerna run --parallel dev"
},
App1 app1.min.js assets/
Serve to tailor
Single repo per app:
Or in monorepo:
Pipeline

Single app per route
● Easy to setup
● No direct interaction
● Transfer state
● Control styles
Image from Elisabeth Engel: Break Up With Your Frontend Monolith

iFrames
● Security
● Content adjustment - size, scroll
● Data exchange (via postMessage)
● Control styles
//app 1
window.addEventListener("message", receiveMessage, false);
//app 2
window.postMessage("hello there!", "http://example.com");

Widget
app 1
Schema #3: App per route & iframe
Widget app
2
Dashboard
app
Header
app
Separate repos,
pipelines, etc
Header
No SPA
State: via server or request
params

Framework + Web components
● WCs in 2019 are widespread and supported
● DOM & styles can be isolated
● From apps to single components

Framework + Web components
github.com/vuejs/vue-web-component-wrapper
Example for Vue, same can be for Angular, React, Svelte, etc

Glimpse of future: Portals
<portal id="myPortal" src="https://www.example.com/"></portal>
github.com/WICG/
Secure and seamless navigation
Portal can be activated
myPortal.activate({ data: [...] });
Other document (portal) listens to activation, loads data and react
window.addEventListener('portalactivate', e => {
let predecessor = e.adoptPredecessor(document);
//etc

Technical challenges
● More complex setup
● Managing state and passing data & events
● Predictable and reusable styles
● Page code size (TTI, loading, debugging)
var bus = new EventBus();
bus.on('someEvent', function (data) {
console.log('got ' + data);
});
bus.on('someEvent', function foo () {
bus.off('someEvent', foo);
});

Non-technical challenges
● Onboarding new developers
● Team composition
● Knowledge transfer
● More moving parts (compatibility, upgrades)

Pros
Single Responsibility Principle
Fast onboarding and adding features
Ease of testing, deployment
Freedom to choose technology

Do you really need this?
1. Business profile
2. Application usage profile
3. Size of codebase
4. Infrastructure
5. Size, stablity and maturity of team

Thank you! Questions?
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Front end microservices: architectures and solution

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