Principles of building construction, information and communication

1. Principles of Building Construction,
Information and Communication

2. Construction Drawings

3. Construction Drawings
The main purpose of construction drawings (also called plans,
blueprints, or working drawings) is to show what is to be built,
while the specifications focus on the materials, installation
techniques, and quality standards.
However, the distinction is not clear cut. Most designers put
basic construction information in the drawings and use the
specs to elaborate on materials techniques, and standards to
be met.
Others pack their drawings with written notes that cover a
many of the issues commonly contained in the specs.

4. Sectional details usually show
the detailed drawings of
complicated areas within the
job: 1:10 or 1:5
Drawing Scales

5. Drawing Scales
Scale Drawings. Nearly all construction drawings are drawn to scale. The
large blueprints or “working drawings” used on the job site are typically
drawn at a scale.
Block plans usually show the siting of the project in relation to Ordnance
Survey Maps. Conventions are used to depict boundaries, roads and other
details. Recommended scales are: 1:2500.
Site plans usually show the extent of the site but no surrounding detail.
Recommended scales are: 1:500
Floor plans usually show the layout of rooms, key dimensions and levels,
and may also use conventions and symbols to show materials and locations
of fittings and appliances. Recommended scales are: 1:100
Sectional details usually show the detailed drawings of complicated areas
within the job: 1:10 or 1:5

6. Drawing Hatchings

7. Drawing Hatchings

8. Drawing Hatchings

9. Levels and Datums

10. Levels and Datums
When based on a benchmark, a datum point refers to a position above sea
level.
Benchmarks form a network of reference points from which a datum can be
adopted.
These are utilised in the construction of new houses, roads or stone pillars.
A datum line is a tool used on site to ensure the accuracy of measurements.
Engineers and trades use datum lines as a horizontal base line to exactly
measure various heights.
For example tiling a bathroom or setting out first floor joists.

11. Datums
The datum mark (or line) is marked on a wall at height that is easy to refer to. A reasonable
height is 1 metre.
By referring to the drawing or to the measurement given, the finish floor level (FFL) can be
established.
The datum mark or line may not be near the area where frames or linings are to be fixed
and will have to be transferred to that area to establish the finish floor level. there are a
number of methods of marking a datum line from an existing datum point.
The simplest and least expensive method is to use a spirit level and a straight-edge. The
disadvantage of this is that the distance is limited, and that corners or obstructions may be
a barrier to achieving an accurate transfer.
Water levels have the advantage of transferring marks around corners accurately.
Laser levels are easy to use and can quickly establish datum points around a building, or
a complete construction site.