1. Social Ethical and Legal Environment

3. Open Source Software

4. Mission Critical Software

6. Acknowledgements

7. Product Quality

8. Commercial Requirements

10. Virus Free

11. Responsive to users

13. May have legal ramifications

15. Royalties

16. Publishers (manufacturers and distributors)

21. Proper support processes.

22. Prioritisation of Problems

25. Reuse and Acknowledgement

26. Copyright Types

28. Archival copies only

29. May not be modified, reverse engineered or reused

31. Can be copied. and shared

32. May not be modified, reverse engineered or reused

34. Can be altered and distributed but not for profit.

36. There are no restrictions on its use.

38. Products expression of ideas (implementation)

39. Australia – Copyright Act 1968 plus amendments

41. Reverse engineering not permitted

42. Lasts for 50 years

43. Exists regardless of registration. However registration is required before owner can commence legal proceedings

44. Law assumes copyright unless it has been specifically relinquished

46. right to derivative works and income stream

47. distribution rights

48. perform or use in public.

49. display works in public.

53. piracy of oem licences

54. counterfeiting

56. Labelling (particularly holograms

57. Legal action

59. Levels and types of service

60. Rights to fixes and upgrades

62. Meets customer needs

63. Meets competitive features.

65. Access to the right customers

66. Equity and commercial efficiency in pricing structures

67. Ability of reseller to support the product in a given channel.

68. Pricing

69. Cost Pulse

70. What the market will bear – consumer based.

71. Promotion

73. Computer Viruses

74. Mission Critical Software.

75. Software in Consumer Goods.

76. Development Approaches

78. Planning & Design

79. Implementation

80. Testing and Evaluation

81. Maintenance

83. Nature of product (mission critical)

84. Skills of development personnel

85. Detail of Requirements

86. Funds available.

88. Each stage completed before proceeding to the next stage.

92. Requirements collected in an evolutionary fashion.

94. May be more than one prototype

95. Used for needs definition and identification of project and technical risks.

96. May also test effectiveness of different technologies or approaches.

98. Can carry on into the maintenance and enhancement process.

99. Support staff are constantly gathering new needs and requirements

101. Reduces the delays of a planned development approach.

102. Use 80:20 rule – Try and meet major requirements.

103. May reduce quality of product –

104. poor software,

105. requirements

106. lack of integration

107. difficult maintenance environment.

109. OO programs

111. with end-users

112. Setting up continuous feedback

113. Multiskilled development teams

115. Performance or system none critical

116. Not good for mission critical systems.

118. Reduced coding

119. Heavy use of Case and 4/5gl.

121. Inefficiencies in performance and maintenance May sacrifice functionality and create licensing and interfacing issues.

123. Code Generating Devices

125. Disadvantage – poor performance and high maintenance

126. Often Involves the use of packages.

128. Algorithms

129. Variables

130. Design Approach

131. System Models

133. Messages

134. Icons

135. Displaying Data & data formats

136. Ergonomics

137. Technical compatability

138. Relevance to organisation

139. Social / Ethical / Legal issues

141. Interviews

142. Questionnaires / surveys

144. Design Specifications

145. Contractual or business unit responsibilities

147. Inputs and outputs or interfaces

149. Module

150. System Flow Charts Paper Document Decision point Process Manual Operation Online Input Storage Online display http://dia-installer.de/index_en.html

153. Disks

154. Paper Dataflow Notations (label indicates nature of data) http://www.smartdraw.com/tutorials/software/dfd/tutorial_01.htm http://www.agilemodeling.com/artifacts/dataFlowDiagram.htm

156. Sink – Data flowing TO outside system

158. Starting at system architecture

159. Going down in increasing detail

161. Case Tool & Code Generators (or Data Definition Generators)

167. I have never seen this used

169. Process

173. Normally part of an entity relationship (ER) diagram (SQL)

175. Definitions

177. Data Type

178. Length (or other technical descriptions)

179. Scope

180. Format

181. Business Definition

182. Change Log

184. Can be used to define or clarify the business rules

185. Should be independent of the underlying programs

187. Whitespace

188. Fonts

189. Colour and Image

190. Icons are consistent and obvious

192. Use Golden Rectangles

194. Select all elements based on how well they support the message.

195. Don't include elements that will distract from the main point of the screen.

198. Create that order.

202. Use graphic vectors

204. Use graphic vectors

206. Frees brain up to focus on parts that change—which should be the content of the screen.

208. No focus to the page

209. User can’t tell what is important

213. High end –completely painted screens

214. Normally this will be handled by the screen builder

215. Can be complex and dynamic in game situations

216. Defining and understanding the problem

218. Selecting correct technology.

219. Selecting a solutiuon that meets needs and budget.

220. Dealing with changing and emerging needs

221. Adopting an appropriate development and release strategy.

222. Not overtaxing

223. Planning and Designing Software Solutions

225. Sort

226. Implement Logic

227. Implement Function (Factorial)

229. Is the list sorted?

233. Half the list

234. Discard the half where the data does not exist

237. Find least element and swap to start

239. Search until place found

241. Finish when no items to swap

242. Processing Strings Returns, as long, length of string Len(string) A substring of <length> characters from a string Mid$(string, start[, length]) A substring of <length> characters from the start (left side) or end (right) of a string. Left$(string, length) Right$(string, length) Converts to upper/lower case UCase$(string) LCase$ (string) Returns, as long, starting position of <string2> in <string1> from position <start> ignoring case if <compare> = 0. Returns 0 if string1 does not occur. InStr([start,] string1, string2 [, compare]) InStrRev([start,] string1, string2 [, compare]) Returns a string containing a repeating character string of the length specified. Split(number, character) Space$(number) Reverse Character Order StrReverse$(string)

243. Processing Strings Removes leading (LTrim), trailing (RTrim) spaces, or both (Trim) LTrim(string) RTrim(string) Trim(string) Returns integer that represents the first character Asc(string) Returns character using specified ASCII code Chr$(charcode as integer{0..255)) Returns true if string looks like number IsNumeric(string) LCase$ (string) Concatenates Strings <string> & <string> Returns a number if string characters are valid numeric Val(string) String Array Functions Split, Join, Filter

245. <find> Substring being searched for.

246. <replace> Required. Replacement substring.

247. start where in < expression> the search is to begin.

248. <count> number of substring substitutions to perform. The default value is make all possible substitutions.

249. <compare> 0 = case sensitive, 1 = case-insensitive

251. Defined with the “Type” Statement

252. A collection of native types, strings or user defined types

253. Represents a real world collection of data

255. Dim sArray(10) as String

256. Dim sArray(1 to 10) as String

258. LBount ﴾ array ﴿ lower bound of array

259. ReDim array ﴾ <integer expression> ﴿ resizes array and destroys existing elements

260. ReDim Preserves array ﴾ <integer expression> ﴿ resizes array and preserves existing elements

262. 3 is a cube or 3D table

264. the second dimension has 12 elements indexed 1 to 12,

268. Integer - Holds a number from -32768 to 32767

270. Double - Up to 14 digits, can hold exponents up to +-300

272. Currency - Holds a number between +-922,337,203,685,477.5807

273. String - Holds text, such as a word or sentence

275. Variants are extremely slow, since and don't work well with many built-in functions.

278. CByte converts an expression to a Byte data type. The value is rounded, must not exceed 255, must not be negative.

279. CCur converts an expression to a Currency data type.

280. CDate converts a numeric or string expression to a Date data type.

281. CDbl converts an expression to a Double data type. The expression must be a number (or string numeric) within range.

282. CDec converts an expression to a Decimal data type. The expression must be a number (or string numeric) within range.

284. CLng converts an expression to a Long data type. The expression must be a number (or string numeric) within range. Values are rounded.

286. If the argument is Boolean, the string &quot;True&quot; or &quot;False&quot; is returned.

288. It strips all blanks and converts the remaining characters to a number.

289. It recognizes a sign, decimal point as part of a number;

290. it will stop scanning the string at the first character that cannot be considered part of a number

293. With unique integer entries in the “index” property

295. That raised the event

297. Random file :

298. Binary file :

300. String

305. Open &quot;Filename&quot; [For Mode] [AccessRestriction] [LockType] As #FileNumber [Len = reclength]

307. Print #FileNumber, OutputList ‘Data without quotes

308. Input #FileNumber, VariableList

311. Put [#] filenumber , [ byte position ], varname

312. varname = Input( number , [#] filenumber )

317. Based on algorithm design

318. Used to ensure modules meet specifications

320. Test for those limits

322. Document Boundary Conditions where applicable

323. Document the purpose and use of all types and data structures.

324. Document the logic reason for a test, selection or choice.

325. Use descriptive names for variables

326. Determine naming conventions and stick to them

327. Indent all your code

329. Structure Diagrams

330. Data Flow Diagram

332. Screen flow or storyboard

334. Are the data structures published and available?

335. What language was the original code written in?

336. Does it have interfaces for customization?

337. Are internal functions documented and available?

338. Are the file structures published and usable?

341. File types

344. 3 rd Party Package

346. Process C, C++, Pascal

348. Major Attributes (Properties)

349. Major Events

350. Major Methods

352. Button

353. Toolbar

354. Textbox

355. Listbox

356. Combo Box

357. CheckBox

359. Grid

360. Label

361. Image Box

362. Timer

363. Dialog

364. Message Box

365. Form

366. Frame

370. Include all actions you would with real code

374. Compilation: source code ==> relocatable object code (binaries)

375. Linking: many relocatable binaries (modules plus libraries) ==> one relocatable binary (with all external references satisfied)

376. Loading: relocatable ==> absolute binary (with all code and data references bound to the addresses occupied in memory)

377. Execution: control is transferred to the first instruction of the program

378. At compile time (CT), absolute addresses of variables and statement labels are not known.

380. Lexical analysis (scanning): the source text is broken into tokens.

382. Machine-dependent optimization: the machine code is optimized

384. Constants

385. Function Names

386. Variables

389. Usually done using truth tables

391. Read leaves left to right Sentence Noun Phrase Verb Phrase Verb Noun Phrase the tree John hit

393. By reading tree left to right

396. Role of the CPU in software design

398. CPU Architecture Cache CoProcessor (numeric) Register A Register B ALU Accumulator Instruction Register Control Unit Data Bus Program Counter

402. Instruction Register – Holds the CPU instruction

403. Program Counter – Holds the address of the next instruction

404. Accumulator – output of instruction execution eg add.

408. Moves data in and out of registers

410. Increment Program counter

411. Setup Execution Circuits

412. Move data from memory to Register

413. Execute Instruction and set flags

414. Restart clock

416. Registers – working variables for the CPU

417. Numeric Co-processor – floating point ALU

418. Cache – Fast access copy of small section of memory

419. Stack – pointer or local memory to store current registers on change of context

420. Memory Map 4 gig Non Pageable Paging Disk Private Memory Space Private Memory Space Private Memory Space Private Memory Space Private Memory Space Private Memory Space Private Memory Space Private Memory Space Private Memory Space Private Memory Space ProcessSchedulers FileHandlers DeviceDrivers Interrupts BIOS ScreenManagers PrintServices Process Communications Networking

422. Provides Screen interfaces

424. Printing

426. Resource sharing

427. Multi-threading

428. Context Swapping

430. Bootstraps the system

432. Loads bootstrap and passes control

434. This is a process in the operating system

436. Direct systems

437. Program Structure

439. Focus on clarity and reusability.

440. Stubs are standalone routines that can be passed from one project to another

441. Unit testing is testing the functionality of a subroutine.

443. Clarity of Logic

444. Often reflective of properties of underlying data.

446. Appropriate identifier names

447. Indenting

448. Coding constants as constant identifiers

450. These are memory addresses

452. Pointers contained in the are of memory

453. Can be used to chain through memory

455. Run Time Detected – syntax error causes an incorrect coding option

459. User error

464. strep over – do not show subroutine execution

467. User

469. Hardware and Software Requirements

470. Installation Wizards

472. checklists

473. wizards

474. Procedures

475. Description of data elements

476. Context based or process based

478. Many include quick reference

479. Description of Data elements

481. Step by step walkthroughs

482. Examples

483. Samples and Sample Data

485. Lessons

489. Data Structure changes

490. File structure changes

493. Summarise

495. capitalisation

498. Readability of code from setting out

501. Process Flow

502. File Formats

503. Methods/Procedures

508. Analyst identifies business and technical importance

510. Explore Problem

511. Analyze and propose solution

512. Negotiate with or advise user

514. Execute implementation

515. Undertake unit testing

518. standard distribution

521. Each specification has a number of features

524. unambiguous

525. specific

526. easy to answer

528. Boundary Conditions

529. Breakpoints

531. Used for problem identification

532. Used for Regression testing

534. Hardware

535. Software / Operating System

536. System Maintenance procedures

537. Data Management (Files) ‏

538. Documentation

539. Training Procedures

540. Personnel and procedures

542. Generated by hand

543. Generated by test harness

545. Testing with large amounts of data

546. Testing with poor quality data (Known errors) ‏

549. May create unknown transaction mix

557. This is a cost-benefit equation

558. Process Driven

559. Ensure there is traceability and auditability for each step

560. Dramatically increases the requirement for documentation and management overhead.

563. What to Test

565. Test Boundary conditions

570. Technical unfeasible

571. Commercially unviable

573. Legislative changes

574. Architectural Changes

576. Changes to Architecture

577. Changes to Data Architecture

579. Makes use of trouble ticketing and tracking system

580. Software Maintainability

582. Architectural and development analysis

583. Cost Benefit requirements

586. very susceptible to changes

588. Identify flow on changes

591. Program Specifications

593. Used to create testing programs

595. Unit Testing

596. Module Testing

597. Program Testing

599. Input into system testing program

600. Schedule into change rollout program

602. source code

603. documentation and other assets

604. scripts

607. Distribution

609. version control

610. change management

611. parallel development

612. Implementation Methodologies

614. Fallback difficult.

615. Requires immense testing prior to implementation.

616. Data conversion may be an issue

618. May be one live and one in test mode with the same inputs comparing results

619. Allows user to be trained on the new system.

620. Later the old system may be run as a fall back service.

621. Very high costs of implementation

622. Mission Critical approach.

625. May have cost and effort profiles similar to parallel runs.

627. Allows users to learn the new system from other pilot users.

628. Current Trends in Software Development

630. Specialised work is often outsourced to smaller boutique companies.

632. Prevent underutilisation of expensive technical resources and infrastructure .

633. Use more sophisticate development and support infrastructure.

634. May be to save time or money – not normal.

635. May be to solve temporary resourcing issues.

637. On the job training.

638. Lack or irrelevance of professional qualifications.

639. Shortage of skills

640. Constantly changing skills requirements

642. PC

643. Distributed

644. Client Server

645. Web Applications

647. PhP

648. Perl

649. Python

653. Interface extensions

655. Integration

656. Ability to support

657. Business or function fit

658. Quality of support

659. Market penetration

660. Overly functional products – lead to business

662. Lamp

663. Apache

664. Asterix

665. Source code integration

667. Data Dictionary creation and management

668. Documentation

669. Automated testing

670. Software Versioning (mercury)

673. Can generate templates and source code

676. Today's typical desktop computers run at speeds measured in gigaflops (billions of floating-point operations per second).

677. If functional quantum computers can be built, they will be valuable in factoring large numbers, and therefore extremely useful for decoding and encoding secret information. If one were to be built today, no information on the Internet would be safe.

679. two atoms become entangled, and the second atom can take on the properties of the first atom.

680. an atom will spin in all directions. The instant it is disturbed it chooses one spin, or one value; and at the same time,

681. the second entangled atom will choose an opposite spin, or value.

683. Because of the wavelength (405 nanometres), substantially more data can be stored on a Blu-ray Disc than on the DVD format, which uses a red (650 nm) laser.

684. A two-layer Blu-ray Disc can store 50 gigabytes.

685. On January 4, 2008, a day before CES 2008, Warner Bros., the only major studio still releasing movies in both HD DVD and Blu-ray Disc format, announced it would release only in Blu-ray Disc after May 2008.

686. The BD-ROM specification mandates certain codec compatibilities for both hardware decoders (players) and the movie-software (content).

687. For video, all players are required to support MPEG-2, H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, and SMPTE VC-1.[51]

688. MPEG-2 is the codec used on regular DVDs, which allows backwards compatibility.

690. stand-alone applications which solve a specific measurement or detection problem,

692. the resulting image data is an ordinary 2D image, a 3D volume, or an image sequence.

693. The pixel values typically correspond to light intensity in one or several spectral bands (gray images or colour images), but can also be related to various physical measures, such as depth, absorption or reflectance

695. Noise reduction in order to assure that sensor noise does not introduce false information.

696. Contrast enhancement to assure that relevant information can be detected.

698. Localized interest points such as corners, blobs or points.

701. Estimation of application specific parameters, such as object pose or object size.

702. Classifying a detected object into different categories.

704. inertial tracking device, is attached to capture the global position / rotation data of the glove.

705. These movements are then interpreted by the software that accompanies the glove, so any one movement can mean any number of things.

706. Gestures can then be categorized into useful information, such as to recognize Sign Language or other symbolic functions.

708. Traditionally, wired gloves have only been available at a huge cost, with the finger bend sensors and the tracking device having to be bought separately.

710. The performance of speech recognition systems is usually specified in terms of accuracy and speed

711. Commercially available speaker-dependent dictation systems usually require only a short period of training (sometimes also called `enrolment').

712. Most commercial companies claim that recognition software can achieve between 98% to 99% accuracy if operated under optimal conditions.

714. can achieve proper speaker adaptation, and

716. a speech signal could be viewed as a piecewise stationary signal or a short-time stationary signal.

717. That is, one could assume in a short-time in the range of 10 milliseconds, speech could be approximated as a stationary process.

718. Each word, or (for more general speech recognition systems), each phoneme, will have a different output distribution