1. Gender Mainstreaming in
Organization, Policies, Programs
and Projects
REHMAT WALI KHAN
Education Officer
(Focal Person), SHRDC-Islamabad
rehmatwalikhan@yahoo.com
00923442312524
00923335983705

2. Gender or Sex?
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Men do not need tenderness and are less sensitive than women
Most drivers in Pakistan are men
Women give birth to babies men don’t
Care of babies is the responsibility of women
Only women can breastfeed babies
Men have moustache
Women cannot carry heavy loads
Women are scared of working outside their homes at night
Men’s voices break at puberty women’s don’t
Women are emotional and men are rational
Most of the women have long hair and men have short hair
Most scientists are men
Cooking comes naturally to women

3. Discuss the following Case Study and answer
the questions given at the end.
Akmal and Rubina are a married couple living in Islamabd.
One day they heard the good news that Akmal’s sister gave
birth to a baby boy. The next day they heard that Rubina’s
cousin has become a father of a baby girl. Akmal and Rubina
are invited for the naming ceremony of the two new born
babies. Akmal and Rubina decide to purchase gifts for the new
born baby girl and boy as they prepare to attend the naming
ceremony.
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What gifts do you think Akmal and Rubina bought for the
baby girl and the baby boy? Why? What would happen if
they exchange the gifts?
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What names do you think they suggest for the baby boy
and baby girl? Is there a reason for suggesting a particular
name?

4. Why GM?
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Every 20 minutes a woman dies …. from preventable
complications of pregnancy and child birth
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More women die of communicable diseases than
men.
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The infant mortality rate from 1995 to 2000 was 98
for girls and 93 for boys per 1,000 births.
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The literacy rate for women (39%) is nearly half that
of men ( 63%).
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The sex difference in child mortality is one of the
highest in the world, with death rates for girls aged
1-4 years being 66% higher than for boys in the same
age group.
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Pakistan is one of the few countries in the world in
which men outnumber women in the population and
women have a lower life expectancy than men.
4

5. Why GM?
• UNDP’s Gender
Development Index (GDI),
Pakistan ranks 120th out of
144 countries (it is below
both India and Bangladesh)
At the
bottom of
the pile…
• The Gender Empowerment
Measure (GEM) it ranks 64th
out of 78 countries
5

6. Making Organizations Gender
Responsive
• Identification of factors that create and
aggravate gender biases in an organization
-- its vision or mandate and the resulting
organizational objectives;
-- its policies and organization structure
-- its organizational practices
-- its programs and services
-- in the beliefs, attitudes and practices of
officials and personnel

7. Making Organizations Gender
Responsive
• Adoption of measures to eliminate causes of
gender issues and biases through:
-- changes in organizational vision and objectives
-- policy reforms (e.g. compliance with genderrelated laws and labour policies)
-- organizational restructuring
-- gender awareness seminars and relevant
capacity building measures especially for women;
-- improvement in physical facilities and work
arrangements to enhance security and safety

8. Organizational Vision, Mission and
Objectives
The vision of a gender-responsive organization
articulates concern for the welfare of society,
of women and men, through achievement of
its organizational goals (e.g. economic
productivity, social equity)

9. Organizational Culture
A gender responsive organization must not have
overt and covert or implicit, intended or
unintended gender biases along the
--- lines and locations of authority
-- lines and locations of communication
-- decision making must be democratic and
participatory

10. A gender responsive organization must
ensure that:
• Decisions, plans and programs are guided by
the principles of gender equity and equality:
• -- equity or affirmative action, when necessary
to reduce the gap in access to benefits and
resources between men and women;
• -- gender equality in decision making and
access to opportunities

11. Gender Fair Practices
• Eliminate overt and covert biases in hiring, firing
and promoting male and female employees;
• Promote gender equality in access to
opportunities for training, education, and
participation in decision making;
• Develop organizational policies and personnel
services that address gender issues (i.e. sexual
harassment, harmonization of work and family
life, domestic violence, etc.)
• Sex disaggregation of data
• Adoption of non-sexist practices (e.g. in language,
inter-personal relations, communication).

12. Group Work
• Group Discussion
• Group Pairing
• Group presentations
15min
10min
15min each

13. GM in Community Development
Projects/Programmes
• The basic responsibilities entrusted socially just to
women or just to men hinder the development of
the community. In any integrated development, it
is essential to involve men and women in basic
responsibilities.
• Gender approach is an essential tool for
development and one must take into account the
gender aspects in the design and implementation
of development projects.

14. Gender Mainstreaming in Policies, Programs and Projects
Situation
Assessment
& Analysis
Monitoring /
Evaluation
Project
Goals/Objectives,
Strategy & Project
Management
Project
Implementation

15. Situation Assessment
and Analysis
Were gender disaggregated data and
gender analysis used in the
background and justification of the
policy, program or project?

16.  Are the needs of both
women and men reflected in
the goals, objectives and
strategies of the Project?
 Is there a clear policy for
mainstreaming women?
Project
Goals/Objectives, Strat
egy and Project
Management
 Has appropriate budgeting
been assigned for the
development of both men
and women?
 Does the strategy consider
men’s and women’s practical
and strategic gender needs?

17. Project Implementation

Will both men and women
participate in the
implementation?

Are those who will
implement the Program or
Project gender aware?

Has adequate and
appropriate resources been
aligned to work with both
men and women?

18. Monitoring/Evaluation
 Does the monitoring and evaluation
strategy have a gender perspective?
 Do the indicators measure the gender
dimension of each objective?
 Have appropriate methods and
resources been assigned to obtain
information from both gender?
 Is there provision for a communication
strategy?
 Does the project redress a previous
unequal sharing?

19. Gender Analysis Matrix (GAM)
• A tool used for gender analysis of development
projects at community level, to determine the different
impacts of development interventions on women and
men.
• The analysis is done by a group within the community
which preferably should include women and men in
equal numbers.
• It is used at different stages of project planning and
implementation, especially at the planning stage to
determine whether potential gender effects are
desirable and consistent with program goals.

20. Filling out GAM
• Put a plus (+) sign if it is consistent with
program goals
• Put a minus (-) sign if it is contrary to program
goals
• Put a question mark (?) if you are unsure
whether it is consistent or contrary

21. UNCOMPLETED GENDER ANALYSIS MATRIX
Project Objective:
Labour
Women
Men
household
Community
Time
Resources
Culture

22. FULLY COMPLETED GENDER ANALYSIS MATRIX
Project Objective: Piped water is brought to all homes in one village
Labour
Time
Resources
Culture
Women
+ no longer need to
transport water
+ saves time
+ option of leisure
+water is
easily
available for
Gardens
irrigation
-Reduction of
mobility
-Social interaction
at water source
stops
Men
+ Acquire skills in
water system
building and
maintenance
?Training, building
+Better
and maintenance take health
more time
+More water
-Uneasy about
women having
free time
household
+ Net savings or
increase in labour
+ women have more
+ better
time for child care and health
other home based
+ more water
work
? women more at
home
Community + trained community ? Less time for leisure
committee for water for men, more time
system maintenance for women
+ more water - women interact
easily
less with each
available
other

23. Way Forward
When water flows it takes the path of least resistance ….similarly
the flow of our services is determined by our attitudes, values,
beliefs and commitments.

24. Thank you