2. Dr Neil Davies
Co-founder, Predictable Network Solutions Ltd
Peter Thompson
CTO, Predictable Network Solutions Ltd
Martin Geddes
Founder, Martin Geddes Consulting Ltd
PREDICTABLE
NETWORK
SOLUTIONS
3. The only ex ante network performance
engineering company in the world.
Consultancy on the future of
telecoms and the Internet.
PREDICTABLE
NETWORK
SOLUTIONS
71. ANY NETWORK SERVICE
VALUE IN USE The customer
doesn’t care about
operator revenue
They seek
value-in-use
72. ANY NETWORK SERVICE
VALUE IN USE
FIT-FOR-PURPOSE
EXPERIENCE
Effective Task
Substitution
Value-in-use comes
from substituting for
another task that
has higher costs
and/or lower
benefits.
Fitness-for-purpose
is when this
substitution occurs.
73. COSTS
ANY NETWORK SERVICEVALUE IN USE
CUSTOMERDOMAIN
SERVICEOPERATORDOMAIN
Two
perspectives
• Customer
• Service operator
74. ANY NETWORK SERVICEVALUE IN USE
CUSTOMERDOMAIN
SERVICEOPERATORDOMAIN
Two
perspectives
They don’t concern
themselves about
the same things
75. ANY NETWORK SERVICEVALUE IN USE
CUSTOMERDOMAIN
SERVICEOPERATORDOMAIN
FLOWS
BENEFIT
KEY
PAYMENT
Benefits
• Payment is
typically for data
flows across the
network
• This is at a
different logical
level to what the
customer values
77. COSTS
ANY NETWORK SERVICEVALUE IN USE
PAYMENT
CUSTOMERDOMAIN
SERVICEOPERATORDOMAIN
FLOWS
OUTCOMES
FIT-FOR-PURPOSE EXPERIENCE
MULTIPLEXING
MECHANISMS
TRANSMISSION
TIN
COST
KEY
PAYMENT
User costs
78. CAPEX FOR EVERY ASSET
ANY NETWORK SERVICEVALUE IN USE
CUSTOMERDOMAIN
SERVICEOPERATORDOMAIN
FLOWS
OUTCOMES
FIT-FOR-PURPOSE EXPERIENCE
MULTIPLEXING
MECHANISMS
TRANSMISSION
TIN
KEY
PAYMENT
Capex
Scales according to
how much tin is
required
Halving the
scheduling efficiency
doubles your capex!
COST
PAYMENT
79. CAPEX FOR EVERY ASSET
ANY NETWORK SERVICEVALUE IN USE
OPEX FOR
EVERY
ACTIVITY
PAYMENT
CUSTOMERDOMAIN
SERVICEOPERATORDOMAIN
FLOWS
OUTCOMES
FIT-FOR-PURPOSE EXPERIENCE
MULTIPLEXING
MECHANISMS
TRANSMISSION
TIN
COST
KEY
PAYMENT
Opex
81. CAPEX FOR EVERY ASSET
ANY NETWORK SERVICEVALUE IN USE
OPEX FOR
EVERY
ACTIVITY
PAYMENT
CUSTOMERDOMAIN
SERVICEOPERATORDOMAIN
FLOWS
OUTCOMES
FIT-FOR-PURPOSE EXPERIENCE
MULTIPLEXING
MECHANISMS
TRANSMISSION
TIN
PAYMENT
Hazards
Things can
(and do)
go wrong
BENEFIT
COST
KEY
HAZARD
82. CAPEX FOR EVERY ASSET
ANY NETWORK SERVICEVALUE IN USE
OPEX FOR
EVERY
ACTIVITY
PLAN B
FAILURE
PAYMENT
CUSTOMERDOMAIN
SERVICEOPERATORDOMAIN
FLOWS
OUTCOMES
FIT-FOR-PURPOSE EXPERIENCE
MULTIPLEXING
MECHANISMS
TRANSMISSION
TIN
PAYMENT
BENEFIT
COST
KEY
HAZARD
Hazards
The Customer
experiences QoE
failures & must
insure against
excess risk
83. CAPEX FOR EVERY ASSET
ANY NETWORK SERVICEVALUE IN USE
OPEX FOR
EVERY
ACTIVITY
PLAN B
FAILURE
PAYMENT
CUSTOMERDOMAIN
SERVICEOPERATORDOMAIN
FLOWS
OUTCOMES
FIT-FOR-PURPOSE EXPERIENCE
MULTIPLEXING
MECHANISMS
TRANSMISSION
TIN
PAYMENT
Hazards
The network
operator has SLAs &
may require
unplanned capacity
upgrades
CAPACITY
BENEFIT
COST
KEY
HAZARD
REFUND
84. CAPEX FOR EVERY ASSET
ANY NETWORK SERVICEVALUE IN USE
OPEX FOR
EVERY
ACTIVITY
PLAN B
FAILURE
PAYMENT
CUSTOMERDOMAIN
SERVICEOPERATORDOMAIN
FLOWS
OUTCOMES
FIT-FOR-PURPOSE EXPERIENCE
MULTIPLEXING
MECHANISMS
TRANSMISSION
TIN
PAYMENT
Hazards
The size of the
hazards are all
directly related to
how well we do the
multiplexing
Our experience is
that these hazards
are poorly modelled
in broadband
networks (if at all)
CAPACITY
BENEFIT
COST
KEY
HAZARD
REFUND
87. CAPEX FOR EVERY ASSET
TELEPHONY SERVICEVALUE IN USE
OPEX FOR
EVERY
ACTIVITY
TRAVEL TO
LONDON
FAILED
CALL
CALL
CHARGE
CUSTOMERDOMAIN
NETWORKOPERATORDOMAIN
FLOWS
OUTCOMES
FIT-FOR-PURPOSE EXPERIENCE
MULTIPLEXING
MECHANISMS
TRANSMISSION
TIN
CALL
CHARGE
BENEFIT
COST
KEY
HAZARD
REFUND
Fixed
Telephony
Costs and revenues
in balance
Hazards well
contained and
managed
Life used to be
simple and good…
88. But then we changed…
Time-division
multiplexed
circuits
Packet-based
statistical
multiplexing
Complete phase
and flow isolation
Weak phase
and flow isolation
TELEPHONY BROADBAND
Game of
chance
was easy
Game of
chance is
hard
100. CAPEX FOR EVERY ASSET
INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDERVALUE IN USE
CUSTOMERDOMAIN
NETWORKOPERATORDOMAIN
FLOWS
OUTCOMES
MULTIPLEXING
MECHANISMS
TRANSMISSION
TIN
FIT-FOR-PURPOSE
EXPERIENCE
? Have lost
visibility and
control over
outcomes
101. CAPEX FOR EVERY ASSET
INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDERVALUE IN USE
CUSTOMERDOMAIN
NETWORKOPERATORDOMAIN
FLOWS
OUTCOMES
MULTIPLEXING
MECHANISMS
TRANSMISSION
TIN
FIT-FOR-PURPOSE
EXPERIENCE
The broadband
industry is
delivering
purpose-for-
fitness,
not
fitness-for-
purpose
?
102. CAPEX FOR EVERY ASSET
INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDERVALUE IN USE
CUSTOMERDOMAIN
NETWORKOPERATORDOMAIN
FLOWS
OUTCOMES
MULTIPLEXING
MECHANISMS
TRANSMISSION
TIN
FIT-FOR-PURPOSE
EXPERIENCE
Schedulability
has been
largely
abandoned
(although the
issues are
omnipresent)
103. CAPEX FOR EVERY ASSET
INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDERVALUE IN USE
CUSTOMERDOMAIN
NETWORKOPERATORDOMAIN
FLOWS
OUTCOMES
MULTIPLEXING
MECHANISMS
TRANSMISSION
TIN
FIT-FOR-PURPOSE
EXPERIENCE
At best we
compete on
transmission
speed, which is
only a weak
proxy for
outcomes
104. CAPEX FOR EVERY ASSET
INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDERVALUE IN USE
CUSTOMERDOMAIN
NETWORKOPERATORDOMAIN
FLOWS
OUTCOMES
MULTIPLEXING
MECHANISMS
TRANSMISSION
TIN
FIT-FOR-PURPOSE
EXPERIENCE
Marketing
focus on
mechanisms
and tin
(4G! Fibre!
3GPP rel 22!?!)
105. We want to know!
Are user QoE
hazards being
sufficiently
managed and
mitigated
107. CAPEX FOR EVERY ASSET
INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDERVALUE IN USE
MAKE A
PHONE
CALL
FAILED
VIDEO
LINK
CUSTOMERDOMAIN
NETWORKOPERATORDOMAIN
FLOWS
OUTCOMES
MULTIPLEXING
MECHANISMS
TRANSMISSION
TIN
FIT-FOR-PURPOSE
EXPERIENCE
Lack of service
assurance
means users
cannot depend
on broadband
services:
creates hidden
costs
108. We want to know!
Is tin being used
efficiently and
effectively to
deliver flows
110. LOTS OF UNNECESSARY CAPEX
INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDERVALUE IN USE
CUSTOMERDOMAIN
NETWORKOPERATORDOMAIN
FLOWS
OUTCOMES
MULTIPLEXING
MECHANISMS
TRANSMISSION
TIN
FIT-FOR-PURPOSE
EXPERIENCE
Using tin to
solve what are
rightly
scheduling
problems
Huge
misallocation
of capital
111. We want to know!
Are operators
appropriately
managing and
mitigating their
cost hazards
113. UNPLANNED CAPEX SPENDING
INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDERVALUE IN USE
CUSTOMERDOMAIN
NETWORKOPERATORDOMAIN
FLOWS
OUTCOMES
MULTIPLEXING
MECHANISMS
TRANSMISSION
TIN
FIT-FOR-PURPOSE
EXPERIENCE
CAPACITY
Have taken on
new contingent
liabilities
Uncosted, and
not seen in
balance sheet