Lesson 1 HPRINTOUR - Tourism Defined

1. Tourism Defined
HPRINTOUR – Principles of Tourism
Compiled works of Dr. Romeo Lim and Mr.
Ronald Manzano & Mr. Buen Santos
Compiled and presented by:
Mervyn Maico D. Aldana, Faculty CHTM

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3. Tourism
• Tourism as a phenomenon is not new.
• It existed even before the time of Biblical
personalities and it is continuously existing
and growing.
• People in the old days travel for various
reasons such as for religion, sports, trade,
education, and even political reason.
• In recent years, people from different parts
of the globe travel mainly for business,
education, leisure, sports, adventure,
visiting friends and relatives, exploration,
politics, etc.

4. Tourism Defined
• People often mistake the terms travel and tourism as just one and
the same. But tourism is just one type of travel. Travel is the
broader term among the two.
• Tourism may be defined as the process, activities, and outcomes
arising from the relationships and the interactions among
tourists, tourism suppliers, host governments, host
communities and surrounding environments that are involved
in the attracting and hosting of visitors. (Goeldner and Ritchie,
2006)

5. Tourism Defined
• Tourism may be defined as the sum of the processes, activities,
and outcomes arising from the interactions among tourists,
tourism suppliers, host governments, host communities, origin
governments, universities, community colleges and
nongovernmental organizations in the process of attracting,
transporting, hosting and managing tourists and other visitors.
(Weaver and Lawton, 2006)

6. Tourism Defined
• Tourism industry is the term that refers to the full range of
commercial and non-commercial activities dedicated to
encouraging, facilitating and responding to the demands of the
tourist. (Kelly and Nankervis, 2001)

7. UNWTO Definition
• Tourism is defined as the activities of
persons traveling to and staying in places
outside their usual environment for not
more than one consecutive year for
leisure, business and other purposes.

8. UNWTO Definition
• 5Ws and 1H

9. What?
• Corresponds to the term “activities” in the tourism definition.
• This deals with the actions, events or experiences being undertaken
by visitors when they travel to a certain destination or when they
go on a holiday.
• Examples – sightseeing, trekking, horseback riding, mountain
climbing, spelunking, scuba diving, bungee jumping etc.

10. Who?
• Pertains to the word “person/s.”
• This term identifies the doer of the action.
• We may be referring to travelers, tourists or people who are
undertaking the activities.
• The doer of the action either undertake this activity or experience
it.

11. Where?
• This deals with the phrase “places outside their usual
environment.”
• This part of the definition identifies the destination of the traveler.
• This sets the area where a person must go in order for him/her to
be a visitor.
• The usual environment means an area that is familiar or frequented
by the traveler.
• It may be a school, workplace or any place a person routinely goes
to in line with his work, study or abode.

12. When?
• The phrase “for not more than one consecutive year” corresponds
to the time element of the definition.
• The definition sets a time limit for people engaged in tourism.
• Travelers must stay for a maximum of one year in the place visited.
Otherwise, if the person exceeds the maximum length of stay, the
visitor may not be considered a visitor anymore.
• The person that stays beyond one year is a resident.

13. Why?
• The purpose of travel was specifically identified with the phrase
“for leisure, business and other purposes.”
• The definition specifically stated the criteria for an activity to be
considered under tourism.
• Reasons beyond what was included in the definition will be
categorized as other forms of travel.
• Border Workers, Immigrants, Nomads, Transit Passengers,
Refugees, Armed Forces, Diplomats

14. How?
• “Traveling and staying” – requires a person must spend time in
the area visited for him/her to be considered as part of tourism.

15. UNWTO Definition
• Visitors – all travelers who fall within agreed definitions of
tourism.
• Tourists or staying visitors, are visitors who stay overnight at a
destination.
• Same-day visitors, or excursionists, are visitors who arrive and
depart on the same day.

16. UNWTO Definition
• Five important points stressed:
1. There is nothing in it that restricts the total market to overnight
stays; it includes same-day visits.
2. There is nothing in it that restricts the total market to travel for
leisure or pleasure. It includes travel for business, social, religious,
educational, sports, and most other purposes – provided that the
destination of travel is outside the usual routines and places of
residence and work.
3. All tourism includes an element of travel but all travel is not
tourism. The definition excludes all routine commuter travel and
purely local travel, such as to neighborhood shops, schools or
hospitals.

17. UNWTO Definition
• Five important points stressed:
4. Travel and tourism absorbs large elements of individual leisure
time and encompasses many recreational activities, but is not
synonymous with either because the bulk of all leisure and
recreation takes place in or around the home.
5. All travel and tourism trips are temporary movements; the bulk of
the total market comprises trips of no more than a few hours’ or
nights’ duration.

18. Four Different Perspectives of Tourism
• The Tourist – seeks various psychic and physical experiences and
satisfactions. The nature of these will largely determine the destinations
chosen and the activities enjoyed.
• The Businesses Providing Tourist Goods and Services – business people
see tourism as an opportunity to make profit by supplying the goods and
services that the tourist market demands.
• The Government of the Host Community or Area – politicians view
tourism as a wealth factor in the economy of their jurisdictions. Their
perspective is related to the income their citizens can earn from this
business. Politicians also consider the foreign exchange receipts from
international tourism as well as the tax receipts collected from tourist
expenditures, either directly or indirectly. The government can play an
important role in tourism policy, development, promotion, and
implementation.

19. Four Different Perspectives of Tourism
• The Host Community – local people usually see tourism as a
cultural and employment factor. Important to this group, for
example, is the effect of the interaction between large numbers of
international visitors and residents. This effect may be beneficial or
harmful, or both.

20. Tourism Chain
The Travel
Agent
The
Outbound
Operator
The
Inbound
Operator
Local
Service
Providers

21. The Tourism Chain
• The Travel Agent – typically a generalist “shop” or chain of retail
outlets that offers a broad range of domestic and international
travel services to consumers who can drop in for a face to face
discussion with a sales person in their own towns or
neighborhoods.
• They will normally sell the programs of an outbound operator.
• Eco-travelers rarely purchase trips from these generalist who focus
more on mass tourism destinations, cruises, etc.

22. The Tourism Chain
• The Outbound Operator – typically are operators who specialize in
a particular geographic region such as the Amazon, South America,
or on a specific activity such as birdwatching or mountain
climbing.
• They are located in the eco-traveler’s country of origin. They
produce brochures annually with a series of fixed departures for
each tour program, and they often have a loyal clientele who return
to purchase trips on a regular basis.
• They put together a complete package for the tourist including air
tickets, and may provide a tour leader to accompany their client
groups but typically contract with an inbound operator to provide
services in the destination country.

23. The Tourism Chain
• The Inbound Operator – located in the destination country, they
provide complete packages of services from arrival in the country
to departure.
• They may have their own facilities, (vehicle, lodges) or they may
subcontract others in the cities and regions the tourist will visit.
Outbound operators contract with them to provide all “on-the-
ground” services.
• With the advent of the internet, they are increasingly competing
directly with the outbound operators for clients.

24. The Tourism Chain
• Local Service Providers – outside the big cities, near the natural
attractions, these may be local lodge and hotel owners, local
transport providers, community-based ecotourism enterprises and
local guides.
• These are where local communities which typically join the tourism
chain.
• More adventurous travelers often connect directly with these,
especially if they were feature in travel guides.